urbanization: new york & chicago
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Urbanization: New York & Chicago. Hector Herrera Period 6. Causes of Urbanization. Urbanization: taking the characteristics of a city, the increasing number of people living in cities Technological boom contributed to growing industrial strength Demand for workers due to industrialization - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Urbanization: New York & Chicago
Hector Herrera
Period 6
Causes of Urbanization Urbanization: taking the
characteristics of a city, the increasing number of people living in cities
Technological boom contributed to growing industrial strength
Demand for workers due to industrialization
Companies offered jobs to unskilled laborers
NY Advantages: location of it’s ports, growing capital market
Continued…
Discovery of oil Railroad expansion
connected many territories: national railway net supported urban growth, especially Chicago
Construction: cities began to spread outward and upward
Better transportation Immigration
Extent & Degree U.S. received more migrants
than the rest of the world- near 60%
(NY) 1880-1900: population increased from 1.2 million to 3.4 million
Chicago was the fastest growing city during this period
(Chi) 1880-1900: population increased from .5 million to 1.7 million
Chicago became known as the skyscraper craze (10-story Home insurance building)
Immigration Many moved into US for better
opportunities and a promise of a better life
Many left to escape bad conditions (famine, land shortages, religious prosecution)
Birds of Passage: people who intended to migrate temporarily to make money
Higher wages than in Europe, price of living and conditions were often the same
Continued…
Ellis Island: immigrants feared not being admitted to the U.S.
About 20% of the immigrants at Ellis Island were detained for over a day to be inspected
2% of immigrants were denied entry
Continued…
Process:-Had to pass a physical examination by a doctor;
if you had a serious health problem, you were sent home
-Reported to government inspector; checked documents and made sure they made legal requirements
-Legal Requirements: not convicted of a felony, able to work, and show they had some amount of money
Continued…
1890: twice as many Irish residents in NYC as in Dublin, Ireland
(NY) 1900: 480,000 Germans and 425,000 Irish in city
(Chi) 1900: 332,000 Germans and 129,000 Scandinavians in city
Many African-Americans also migrated into these cities
Continued…
Americanization movement: designed to assimilate people of wide ranging cultures into dominant culture
English classes & American History classes Navitism: favoring the interests of native-born
people over foreign-born people People feared immigrants would overwhelm
white American population
Housing Could either buy a house on outskirts
of town, or they could rent cramped rooms in boarding houses
Immigrants often took over old housings, 2-3 families in a one family house
Tenements: Urban dwellings Tenement House Act: NYC passed a law
that set minimum standards for plumbing and ventilation in apartments
Jacob Riis (1890): published “ How the other half lives”
Water Faced problem of supplying
safe drinking water NY built public waterworks to
handle increasing demand Showering wasn’t a daily
thing, especially if in a tenement
Disease Spread: Cholera & Typhoid Fever
1870’s: Filtration introduced 1880’s: Chlorination -
disinfect water with chlorine
Sanitation NY: horse manure piled on
streets, sewage overflew, factories released a lot of smoke
People dumped garbage on street
Scavengers: people hired to sweep streets, collect garbage, didn’t do job properly
By 1900: many cities, including NY and Chicago developed sewer lines and sanitation departments
Fire The Great Chicago
Fire: burned over 24 hours, killed around 300 people, more than 3 square miles of city destroyed, property damage of $20 million, 17500 buildings gone
1874: wood replaced with bricks, stone, and concrete
Crime
Black Hand extortion: criminal tactic, black hand was a precursor to a planned crime
Gangs of young boys and men made Chicago a dangerous place (North Side Gang)
6 month period in 1906: burglary every 3 hours, a hold up every 6 hours, and a murder each day
Continued…
“Hunting women and hitting them on the head with a piece of pipe seems to be the favorite sport of Chicago men.”
“a reign of terror is upon the city…..No city in time of peace ever held so high a place in the category of crime-ridden, terrorized murder-breeding cities as held by Chicago.”
Chicago Tribune
Corruption Corruption in NYC was prominent Boss Tweed: known as most corrupt
politician in American History 3rd largest land owner in NYC Stole over $50 million by faking
leases, paying for unnecessary repairs, and buying over priced goods
Tammany Hall: helped Irish and German immigrants by providing shelter and jobs and helped them rise up in American Politics (Democratic)
Chicago had similar issues; creation of parks and majestic buildings was solution
Settlement House Act Social Gospel Movement: preached salvation through service to
the poor Settlement houses created; community centers in poor
neighborhoods, mainly helped immigrants Ran by middle class, educated women Settlement houses provided educational, cultural, and social
services Charles Stover and Stanton Coit found first settlement house in
NYC (1886) Jane Addams and Ellen Gates found Chicago’s Hull House in 1889 1910- 400 settlement houses in US