• Urea is the most widely used solid Urea is the most widely used solid fertilizer N source in the world fertilizer N source in the world (www.FAO.org).(www.FAO.org).

• Volatilization losses from surface Volatilization losses from surface applications of urea-based fertilizers applications of urea-based fertilizers are thought to occur in sizeable are thought to occur in sizeable quantities (Ernst and Massey, 1960; quantities (Ernst and Massey, 1960; Fenn and Hossner, 1985).Fenn and Hossner, 1985).

Introduction

• Urea fertilizers must be hydrolyzed by Urea fertilizers must be hydrolyzed by the enzyme urease before urea-N the enzyme urease before urea-N becomes plant available.becomes plant available.– Increases in urease activity can result in Increases in urease activity can result in

more N loss due to volatilization.more N loss due to volatilization.– Urease activity is moisture and Urease activity is moisture and

temperature dependent.temperature dependent.

Introduction

Introduction

Urea hydrolysis is maximized when Urea hydrolysis is maximized when moisture levels are optimum for moisture levels are optimum for plant growth (Havlin et al., 1999).plant growth (Havlin et al., 1999). Volk (1966) reported that 14 d after Volk (1966) reported that 14 d after

application of prilled urea to air-dry soil application of prilled urea to air-dry soil 80% had not been hydrolyzed.80% had not been hydrolyzed.

McInnes et al. (1986) found hydrolysis was McInnes et al. (1986) found hydrolysis was minimal following urea application to dry minimal following urea application to dry soil, but following wetting, urea hydrolysis soil, but following wetting, urea hydrolysis increased. increased.

Introduction

Urease activity has been observed from Urease activity has been observed from 2ºC to 37ºC 2ºC to 37ºC (Havlin et al., 1999).(Havlin et al., 1999). Urease activity is positively correlated with Urease activity is positively correlated with

temperature (Clay et al., 1990)temperature (Clay et al., 1990) Fisher and Parks (1958) found that Fisher and Parks (1958) found that

hydrolysis was 50 and 85% complete at hydrolysis was 50 and 85% complete at temperatures temperatures 10 and 20ºC, respectively, 10 and 20ºC, respectively, two weeks after urea application.two weeks after urea application.

o Chemical compounds are added to urea fertilizers to inhibit transformations of N.

o Adding micro-nutrients Chelate form.

COMPARE WITH UREA

DETAILUREA COAT

N-KEEPUREA

N (%) 46 46N loss (%) 60 30Plant can absorb(%) 40 70

Total N plant can use 18,4 kg 32,2 kg

UREA N46 TE

Chemical compounds ( N-KEEP) are added to urea fertilizers to inhibit transformations of N.

Urease inhibitors are one class of compounds that prevent the conversion of urea to NH4+. Inhibitors can delay the hydrolysis of urea for 2 to 3 weeks.

Adding micro-nutrients Chelate form that it will help the plants absorb better and improve productivity. This mineral can boost photosynthesis and chlorophyll content.

UREA N46 TE

Increasing the efficiency of applied nitrogen to 30%.

Increases yield, increase profit. Furthermore, its application has not

shown any effect over the soil biological properties, which contributes for making its use quite viable.

UREA N46 TE

Application Guide of Urea N46TE in plants

Plants StagesFertilizer types (kg/ha)

N46TE Phosphate Super Potash

Rice plants  Top-dressing 1  Top-dressing 2  Top-dressing 3

  60  80  60

  100  50  50

  100

Grain plants   Top-dressing 1  Top-dressing 2

  160-200  160   250   60

  100

Perennial trees   Havest stage  Recovery stage

  340  300-350

  600  400-600

  270  200-260

Vegetables (Fruits)

  After growing 15 days  Blooming stage  Fruiting stage

  160  160  140

  200  60  80

  100Vegetables (Leaves)   Stages   180   200   60

Paddy

Impress 80

Impress compound with foliar penetration and increase uptake of sprays by plants.

Impress 80

• Impress 80 are used to enhance the penetration and effectiveness of foliar-applied by decreasing surface tension of aqueous systems.

Impress 80Control

Impress 80Control

Impress 80Control

Impress 80

• Impress 80 are formulated to facilitate or improve dispersing, spreading, sticking or penetrating of liquids.

ControlControl Impress 80Impress 80

Control Impress 80

Control Impress 80

Benefit:Enhance spray efficiency and increase performance of herbicides, insecticides, fungicide products, plant growth regulator and foliar fertilizer.

Improves performance of the active spray ingredients by providing more uniform distribution and better wetting of the plant surface.

Permit lower dosage of foliar products.

Impress 80

Application guide:•Impress 80 can be mix with herbicides, insecticides, fungicide products, plant growth regulator and foliar fertilizer.•Apply Impress 80 at the rate of 10-20 ml per 16 liters of water.

Impress 80