URINARY CATHETERS

DEPARTMENT OF UROLOGY2006

DIAN L KIRSTEIN

CATHETERS

• Size

• Shape

• Material

• Retaining mechanism

• Lumens

SIZES

• Different size systems (External catheter diameter)

• Most common: French (F) (Charriere)

• 0.33mm = 1F

• 3F = 1mm, 30F = 10 mm

CATHETER TYPES• Non self-retaining

(Jaques, Robinson, Nelaton)

• Self-retaining (Pezzer, Malecot)

• Self-retaining 2/3 way balloon Foley Catheter

• Postoperative haematuria catheter (rigid)

CONDOM CATHETERS

• Men without outflow obstruction and intact voiding reflex pathways

• Restricted to selected patients where other measures are unsuccessful

TYPES OF MATERIAL

• Latex

• Plastic

• Silicone coated latex

• Silicone

• Hydromers (biocath)

• Silver-inpregnated

• Antibiotic coated

INDICATIONS FOR USE OF URINARY CATHETERS• Diagnostic• Therapeutic

• Short-term • Long-term

SHORT-TERM CATHETERIZATION

• Acute urinary retention

• Urine collection (U mcs, residual volume)

• Urologic surgery

• Surgery on contiguous structures

• Urine output (medical, surgical)

• Urodynamic studies

• Radiology ( cystogram)

• Installation of antibiotics, immunotherapy etc

LONG-TERM CATHETERIZATION

• Refractory urine retention– not correctable medically or surgically

• Neurogenic bladder – some

• Incontinence– non-responders to specific treatment– terminally ill, severely impaired– intractable skin breakdown

TECHNIQUE• Inform patient - explain procedure

• NB aseptic

• Prepare

• Indication

• Size: “narrowest, softest tube that will serve the purpose”

PREPARATION• Position patient

• Expose

• Open set using sterile technique

• Wash hands and don sterile gloves

• Test catheter balloon

• Attach drainage bag to catheter

• Lubricate catheter (local anesthetic lubricant)

• Clean

CATHETERIZATION• Aseptic

• Place catheter (urine?)

• Inflate balloon (5ml)

• Gently pull back on catheter

• Tape tubing to thigh

• Position bag to facilitate drainage by gravity

• NB: retract foreskin

CLOSED DRAINAGE SYSTEM

• “Open drainage system”: – 95% bacteriuria prevalence in 4 days

• “Closed”: – 5% per day risk, 40% by day 10

• Risk increases: – changing the catheter bags – taking urine samples– bladder washout regimes

SUPRAPUBIC CATHETERINDICATIONS

• Failed urethral catheterization

• Urethral disruption

• Long-term bladder drainage

SUPRAPUBIC CATHETERCONTRA-INDICATIONS

• Non-palpable bladder

• Previous lower abdominal surgery

• Coagulopathy

• Known bladder tumour

• Clot retention

SUPRAPUBIC CATHETERTECHNIQUE• Informed consent

• Supine position

• Confirm full bladder

• Prepare suprapubic area

• Anesthetize: skin, sub-cutaneous tissue to the anterior bladder wall

• Confirm distance to full bladder by aspiration

TECHNIQUE

• Plan angle and depth of puncture

• Stab wound

• Cystostomy trocar

• Fixate catheter

Area to be shaved,

prepared and draped prior

to trochar placement

Position of the Stamey

trochar in the bladder.

The angle, distance

from the pubis and

position of the catheter

in relation to the bladder

wall are demonstrated