URINARY SYSTEM

Kidneys

Urinaty tract

URINARY SYSTEM

Mesonephral

duct

Nephrogenic

mesodermKidneys

Urunary tract

organs:

Ureter

Urinary bladder

UrethraUrogenital

sinus

Kidney

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

Type of structure – parenchymal lobulated

organs with

- cortex and

- medulla

Parenchyma – epithelium:

Epithelium forms:

- Nephrons

- Collecting duct system

Stroma – Connective tissue

- Capsule (DCT)

- narrow sheats of LCT (with

specialized system of vessels)

Renal vessels

Arteries/Veins:

- Renal

- Superior/inf

- arcuate

- interlobular

Arteriols

- afferent

- efferent

Capillaries:

-Primary - glomerular

- secondary - peritubular

FUNCIONAL signifacince:

- filtration (glomerular meswork)

- reabsorbtion (peritubular meswork)

-- nutrition of renal parenchyme

RENAL PARENCHYME

Includes :

1. Nephrons

2. Collecting ducts

Nephron –is structural and

functional unit of kidney

Parts of nephron:

1. Renal corpuscle.

2. Tubules:

- proximal

- loop

- distal

Types of nephrons :

1. Cortical (excretion)

2. Juxtamedullar

(concentration)

HOW TO DIFFERENTIATE RENAL CORTEX AND MEDULLA?

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WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TYPES OF NEPHRONS?

Differences of Cortical and juxtamedullar nephrons:

1) Location of RC

2) Afferent-efferent arteriols size, Filtrating pressure

3) Loop length and location

4) Secondary meshwork of capillaries

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RENAL CORPUSCULE STRUCTURE

RC consists of:

1. Glomerulus (primary meshwork of capillaries)

2. Epithelial Bowmen`s capsule:

- parietal layer (flattened cells);

- visceral layer (podocytes)

RENAL CORPUSCULE STRUCTURE

RENAL CORPUSCULE STRUCTURE

Filtrating barrier:

- Fenestrated endothelium

- Basal lamina

- Split diaphragms between podocytes cytopedicules

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FILTRATING BARRIER

Filtration rate depends on:

- Diameter of arteriols

- Hydrostatic pressure

- Oncotic pressure

Mesangial cells functions:

- Production of mesangial matrix

- Contraction

- Phagocytosis

Рис. 7

MESANGIAL CELLS

RENAL TUBULES. DIAGNOSTICS

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Глюкоза

амк

ионы

PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES

DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

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RENAL MEDULLA

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Countercurrent system. Urine concentrating

FUNCTIONAL CONSIDERATION

Targets of prostaglandins::

- Vessels

- Collecting ducts

- Henle`s loop

GENERAL EFFECTS:

- BP control

- cytoprotection

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INTERSTITIAL CELLS.

Blood flow regulation and concentrating mechanisms

regulation

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JUXTAGLOMERULLAR APPARATUS

URINARY TRACT

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