urinary system
TRANSCRIPT
THE MAIN NITROGENOUS PRODUCTS
urea and uric acidare
the main nitrogenous products
resulting from filteration in the kidneys
Urea and uric acid are formed
in the liver as a result of
breaking down of excess amino acids and other nitrogenous compounds.
PROCESS OF URINE FILTERATION
1) Blood in the renal artery enters the kidney
2) Urine is filtered out and blood enters the renal veins
3) Filtered urine moves along ureters and enter the bladder
4) Urine is passed out when bladder is filled
Process of urine filteration by urinary system is sequenced as follows
Principle organ which is involved in
nitrogenous excretion is
the kidney.
Each kidney contains
approximately one million nephrons which are the
units for filteringurine.
STRUCTURE OF NEPHRON
Bowmann'scapsule
Glomerulus
Distalconvoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Collecting duct
Proximal convolutedtubule
Glomerular filtrate
SUB UNITS OF A NEPHRON
Bowman's capsule with glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Bowman's capsule together with glomerulus
of nephrons are embedded
in the renal cortex
which is dark brown in colour .
to drain into Bowmann's capsule.
GLOMERULUSRenal artery branches into finer arteries and narrows abruptly forming
a dense network of capillaries
called glomerulus.
High pressure maintained in the glomerulus enables the fluid excluding blood cells and plasma proteins of the glomerular filtrate
The section which is closer to the collecting duct is called
the distal convoluted tubule.
The section of convoluted tubule closer to Bowmann's capsule is called
the proximal convoluted tubule
REABSORBTIONfrom the fluid that enters Bowman's capsule
Glucose Amino acids Vitamins and all hormones
80% of salt and water
Is reabsorbed by the convoluted tubules and loop of Henle in renal cortex
COLLECTING DUCTS
collecting ducts of nephrons are arranged into pyramid shaped clusters and open into
the pelvis of the kidney
Urine filtered out from nephrons enter into
Collecting ducts
STONES IN KIDNEY AND/OR BLADDER
due to inadequate intake of water,
regular intake of food high in salt and acids ,
abstaining from passing urine when needed and
intake of certain medications for prolonged durations.
Prolonged high blood pressure results in the malfunctioning of kidneys
INFLAMMATION OF KIDNEY
may result through bacterial infection.
When renal failure occurs a kidney from a person with compatible blood and tissues can be transplanted.
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