urinary system: ii
DESCRIPTION
URINARY SYSTEM: II. (cont.). URINARY SYSTEM: II. TO IDENTIFY THE COMPONENTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM. TO CHARACTERIZE THE GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE KIDNEY. TO EXAMINE THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE NEPHRON AND THE COLLECTING DUCTS. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
URINARY SYSTEM: II(cont.)
TO IDENTIFY THE COMPONENTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
TO IDENTIFY THE COMPONENTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
TO EXAMINE THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE NEPHRON AND THE COLLECTING DUCTS
TO EXAMINE THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE NEPHRON AND THE COLLECTING DUCTS
TO CORRELATE STRUCTURE OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS WITH FUNCTION
TO CORRELATE STRUCTURE OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS WITH FUNCTION
URINARY SYSTEM: IIURINARY SYSTEM: II
TO CHARACTERIZE THE GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE KIDNEY
TO CHARACTERIZE THE GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE KIDNEY
URINARY SYSTEM
KIDNEY (ORGANIZATION)
CORTEXCORTEX
MEDULLAMEDULLA
- region immediately beneath renal capsule
- composed of two distinct regions:
(1) CORTICAL LABYRINTH
(2) MEDULLARY RAY
- located immediately beneath renal cortex
- consists of triangular blocks of tissue called the PYRAMIDS
- RENAL COLUMNS are strands of cortical tissue that extend down between adjacent pyramids
RCRC
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URINARY SYSTEM
KIDNEY (ORGANIZATION)
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RENAL LOBE
- a single pyramid with its associated overlying cortex
RENAL LOBULE
- defined within cortex and involves a single medullary ray (central axis of lobule) with adjacent adjacent cortical labyrinth
- defined as a functional unit that consists of a collecting duct and all the nephrons that it drains
Cortical Labyrinth with interdigitating Medullary Rays
URINARY SYSTEM
THE NEPHRON & COLLECTING DUCTS
1) THE NEPHRON1) THE NEPHRON
2) COLLECTING DUCTS2) COLLECTING DUCTS
a) RENAL CORPUSCLE
- distributed throughout cortex and various zones of medulla
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUS
b) PROXIMAL TUBULE
CONVOLUTED AND STRAIGHT PORTIONS
c) HENLE’S LOOP
THICK AND THIN PORTIONS
d) DISTAL TUBULE
STRAIGHT AND CONVOLUTED PORTIONS
URINARY SYSTEM
THE NEPHRON & COLLECTING DUCTS
CORTICAL LABYRINTH
1- RENAL CORPUSCLES
2- PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES
3- DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES
MEDULLARY RAY
1- STRAIGHT PORTIONS OF PROXIMAL TUBULE (THICK DESCENDING)
2- STRAIGHT PORTIONS OF DISTAL TUBULE (THICK ASCENDING)
3- COLLECTING DUCTS
CORTEX:
URINARY SYSTEM
THE NEPHRON & COLLECTING DUCTS
OUTER ZONE
INNER ZONE
MEDULLA:
1- STRAIGHT PORTIONS OF PROXIMAL TUBULE (THICK DESCENDING)
2- STRAIGHT PORTIONS OF DISTAL TUBULE (THICK ASCENDING)
4- COLLECTING DUCTS
3- THIN SEGMENTS OF LOOP OF HENLE (DESCENDING & ASCENDING)
2- COLLECTING DUCTS
1- THIN SEGMENTS OF LOOP OF HENLE (DESCENDING & ASCENDING)
URINARY SYSTEM
THE NEPHRON & COLLECTING DUCTS
1) THE NEPHRON1) THE NEPHRON
2) COLLECTING DUCTS2) COLLECTING DUCTS
a) RENAL CORPUSCLE
- distributed throughout cortex and various zones of medulla
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUS
b) PROXIMAL TUBULE
CONVOLUTED AND STRAIGHT PORTIONS
c) HENLE’S LOOP
THICK AND THIN PORTIONS
d) DISTAL TUBULE
STRAIGHT AND CONVOLUTED PORTIONS
HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONHISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
URINARY SYSTEM
RENAL CORPUSCLE
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUS
1. BOWMAN’S CAPSULE:
- the beginning of the nephron that consists of a blind sac lined with simple squamous epithelium that is continuous with the PCT
- parietal layer & visceral layer (specialized)
2. GLOMERULUS:
- specialized tuft of capillaries which housed in the capsular space (10-20 capillary loops)
- blood flowing through glomerulus capillaries undergoes a filtration process to produce the initial urine filtrate
FILTRATION APPARATUS OF KIDNEY
URINARY SYSTEM
RENAL CORPUSCLEBOWMAN’S CAPSULE + GLOMERULUSFILTRATION APPARATUS OF KIDNEY
VASCULAR POLE
URINARY POLE
GLOMERULUS (FILTRATION MEMBRANE):
1- fenestrated capillaries; discontinuous endothelium; fenestrae have a diameter of 500-1000Å and lack a diaphragm
2- continuous basal lamina
3- podocytes of visceral layer; processes contact basal lamina and are separated by slits measuring approximately 250Å
KIDNEY H&EKIDNEY H&Eca
psul
eca
psul
e
CO
RTE
XC
OR
TEX
MED
ULL
AM
EDU
LLA
MRMR
CLCL
MRMR
CLCL
MRMR
AVAV
KIDNEY H&EKIDNEY H&E
GLOMERULUSGLOMERULUS
GLOMERULUSGLOMERULUS
MEDULLARY RAYMEDULLARY RAY MEDULLARY RAYMEDULLARY RAYCORTICAL LABYRINTHCORTICAL LABYRINTH
KIDNEY H&EKIDNEY H&E
MEDULLARY RAY
MEDULLARY RAY
MEDULLARY RAY
MEDULLARY RAY
CORTICAL LABYRINTHCORTICAL LABYRINTHMEDULLARY
RAYMEDULLARY
RAY
MEDULLARY RAY
MEDULLARY RAY
RCRC
RCRC
RCRC
RCRC
RCRC
RCRC
RCRC
RCRC
URINARY SYSTEM
CORTICAL LABYRINTHCORTICAL LABYRINTH
1- RENAL CORPUSCLES1- RENAL CORPUSCLES
2- PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES2- PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES
3- DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES3- DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES
CORTEX:CORTEX:
- longer than DCT and thus more numerous- longer than DCT and thus more numerous
- stain slightly darker and have a larger diameter than DCT- stain slightly darker and have a larger diameter than DCT
- cells are larger and have an irregular luminal surface due to the presence of a “brush border” and glycocalyx
- cells are larger and have an irregular luminal surface due to the presence of a “brush border” and glycocalyx
- shorter than PCT and thus less prevalent- shorter than PCT and thus less prevalent
- stain slightly lighter and have a smaller diameter than PCT- stain slightly lighter and have a smaller diameter than PCT
- cells are smaller and cuboidal, thus more nuclei are apparent in a cross section of a DCT- cells are smaller and cuboidal, thus more nuclei are apparent in a cross section of a DCT
- luminal surface is more uniform since it lacks a brush border- luminal surface is more uniform since it lacks a brush border
KIDNEY H&EKIDNEY H&E
CORTICAL LABYRINTHCORTICAL LABYRINTH
1- RENAL CORPUSCLES1- RENAL CORPUSCLES
2- PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES2- PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES
3- DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES3- DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES
CORTEX:CORTEX:
RENAL CORPUSCLERENAL CORPUSCLE
glomerulusglomerulus
Bowman’s capsuleBowman’s capsule
PCTPCT
DCTDCT
URINARY SYSTEM
CORTICAL LABYRINTHCORTICAL LABYRINTH
1- RENAL CORPUSCLES1- RENAL CORPUSCLES
2- PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES2- PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES
3- DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES3- DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES
CORTEX:CORTEX:
- 80-90% of H2O and NaCl in glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in addition to most organic materials: (glucose, proteins, amino acids, etc.)
- 80-90% of H2O and NaCl in glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in addition to most organic materials: (glucose, proteins, amino acids, etc.)
- further resorption of H2O in presence of ADH- further resorption of H2O in presence of ADH
- sodium resorption in response to aldosterone- sodium resorption in response to aldosterone
- calcium resorption in response to PTH- calcium resorption in response to PTH
KIDNEY SILVER METHENAMINEKIDNEY SILVER METHENAMINE
URINARY POLE
URINARY POLE
glomerulusglomerulus
VASCULAR POLE
VASCULAR POLE
DCTDCT
PCTPCT
KIDNEY SILVER METHENAMINEKIDNEY SILVER METHENAMINE
DCTDCT
PCTPCT
DCTDCT
KIDNEY H&EKIDNEY H&E
DCTDCT
PCTPCT
PCTPCT
PCTPCTPCTPCT
DCTDCT
PCTPCT
KIDNEY H&EKIDNEY H&E
DCTDCT
PCTPCT
PCTPCT
PCTPCT
PCTPCT
DCTDCT
PCTPCT
DCTDCT
glomerulusglomerulus
KIDNEY H&EKIDNEY H&E
DCTDCT
PCTPCTPCTPCT
DCTDCT
DCTDCT
glomerulusglomerulus
AAAA
EAEA
peritubular capillary plexus
peritubular capillary plexus
KIDNEY SILVER METHENAMINEKIDNEY SILVER METHENAMINE
MEDULLARY RAYMEDULLARY RAY
1- S
TRAIG
HT PO
RTIONS
OF PR
OXIMAL
TUBULE
(THIC
K DES
CENDIN
G)
2- S
TRAIG
HT PO
RTIONS
OF DIS
TAL
TUBULE
(THIC
K ASC
ENDIN
G)
3- C
OLLEC
TING D
UCTS
URINARY SYSTEM
MEDULLARY RAY
1- STRAIGHT PORTIONS OF PROXIMAL TUBULE (THICK DESCENDING)
2- STRAIGHT PORTIONS OF DISTAL TUBULE (THICK ASCENDING)
3- COLLECTING DUCTS
CORTEX:
- cells are cuboidal in cortex and become progressively more columnar in the medulla and papilla
- cells are cuboidal in cortex and become progressively more columnar in the medulla and papilla
- cells stain very lightly with well-defined boundaries
- cells stain very lightly with well-defined boundaries
- transport urine from nephron to excretory ducts and aids in further H2O resorption in the presence of ADH
- transport urine from nephron to excretory ducts and aids in further H2O resorption in the presence of ADH
KIDNEY H&EKIDNEY H&E
CDCD
CDCDTDTD
KIDNEY H&EKIDNEY H&E
COLUMNAR COLLECTING DUCTS NEAR RENAL PAPILLACOLUMNAR COLLECTING DUCTS NEAR RENAL PAPILLA
URINARY SYSTEM
THE NEPHRON & COLLECTING DUCTS
OUTER ZONE
INNER ZONE
MEDULLA:
1- STRAIGHT PORTIONS OF PROXIMAL TUBULE (THICK DESCENDING)
2- STRAIGHT PORTIONS OF DISTAL TUBULE (THICK ASCENDING)
4- COLLECTING DUCTS
3- THIN SEGMENTS OF LOOP OF HENLE (DESCENDING & ASCENDING)
2- COLLECTING DUCTS
1- THIN SEGMENTS OF LOOP OF HENLE (DESCENDING & ASCENDING)
KIDNEY H&EKIDNEY H&E
TDTD
CDCD
CDCDTATA
TLTL
OUTER MEDULLAOUTER MEDULLA
KIDNEY H&EKIDNEY H&E
TLTLTLTL
TATA
TATA
OUTER MEDULLAOUTER MEDULLA
VASA RECTAVASA
RECTA
KIDNEY H&EKIDNEY H&E
INNER MEDULLAINNER MEDULLA
CDCD
TLTL
CDCD
CDCD
CDCD
TLTL
TLTL
URINARY SYSTEM
JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUSMACULA DENSA + JUXTAGLOMERULAR (JG) CELLSREGULATE BLOOD FLOW THROUGH GLOMERULUS
MACULA DENSA
JG CELLS
- cells located in the DCT in close contact with the glomerulus and the afferent and efferent arterioles
- specialized smooth muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole which contain and secrete RENIN to regulate blood flow through the glomerulus
ANGIOTENSINGOGEN (PLASMA PROTEIN) ANGIOTENSIN I ANGIOTENSIN II
ALDOSTERONE SECRETION
VASOCONSTR
RENIN
URINARY SYSTEM
JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUSMACULA DENSA + JUXTAGLOMERULAR (JG) CELLSREGULATE BLOOD FLOW THROUGH GLOMERULUS
BARORECEPTOR THEORY
MACULA DENSA THEORY
- assumes JG cells function as stretch receptors (high blood pressure would inhibit release of renin)
ANGIOTENSINGOGEN (PLASMA PROTEIN) ANGIOTENSIN I ANGIOTENSIN II
ALDOSTERONE SECRETION
VASOCONSTR
RENIN
- assumes the secretion of renin is regulated by the composition of the fluid in the DCT / afferent arteriole (low sodium would increase the release of renin)
URINARY SYSTEM
JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUSMACULA DENSA + JUXTAGLOMERULAR (JG) CELLSREGULATE BLOOD FLOW THROUGH GLOMERULUS
ANGIOTENSINGOGEN (PLASMA PROTEIN) ANGIOTENSIN I ANGIOTENSIN II
ALDOSTERONE SECRETION
VASOCONSTR
RENIN
KIDNEY H&EKIDNEY H&E
MACULA DENSA
MACULA DENSA
KIDNEY H&EKIDNEY H&E
JG CELLSJG CELLS
AAAA
RENIN GRANULES
URINARY SYSTEM
KIDNEY
CALYCES/ URETER
BLADDER
URETHRA
1- mucosa lined with transitional epithelium2- usually lacking submucosa
3- muscularis best developed in ureters (2-3 layers) and bladder (3 layers)
URETER H&EURETER H&E
MUCOSAMUCOSA LAMINA PROPRIALAMINA PROPRIA MUSCULARISMUSCULARIS
1: IL1: IL 2: OC2: OC
ADVADV
URINARY SYSTEM
URETER
URINARY SYSTEM
URETER
URINARY SYSTEM
BLADDER
URINARY SYSTEM
BLADDER
transitional epithelium