Þurrh hali3 gast inn hall6edd funnt;/menu... · 2020. 10. 14. · 16615 to wissenn. & to...

HOMILY XXIV 585

The Ormulum Project: https://www.english.su.se/ormulum

“Ormulum: edited from Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Junius 1

and London, Lambeth Palace Library MS 783 by Nils-Lennart

Johannesson” © Andrew Cooper, 2020.

8 e goddspellwrihhte sannt iohan. 16594 Her se33þ þatt ure laferrd. 16595

All wisste whatt wass i þe mann. & doþ uss tunn·derrstanndenn. Þatt crist wass wiss all·mahhti3 godd; H16598

Þatt alle þinge wisste. & wät all whatt iss i þe mann; 16600

‘& i þe manness herrte; 16601–03 Bett tann þe mann himm sellf wa[t] whatt. 16602 Iss inn hiss a6enn herrte.’ 7 & godd allmahh·ti3 gife uss swa. To clennsenn uss o life; 16605

Þatt crist ne finde nohht inn uss. Off all þatt he forrbedeþþ. AMæN! xxv. Secundum iohannem xxv Erat homo ex phariseis nichodemus nomine princeps iudeorum N mann amang iudiss·kenn þed. 16608 Wass ni·codem 3ehatenn. 16608–15 Off þatt farisewis·she follc; 16610

Þatt læredd wass o boke. An allderrmann. an hæfedd mann; Inn issraæle þede. To lærenn & to spellenn hemm; To wissenn. & to 3e·menn. 16615

& he comm onn a‘n’ nahht till crist; 16616 Forr þatt he wollde lernenn. 16616–29

16594 Large Þ over two lines; no guide letter. 16601–03 First written Bett ta… /þ± ma… hï sellfe…. Later this verse was deleted and 16601–

03 were added vertically in left (outer) margin. 16602 wa[t]: MS watt. xxv The Latin text was written by Hand C in the space set aside for it. Below this text van

Vliet wrote “Joh. III:1”. 16608 Large elaborate initial A over six lines. No guide letter. 16608–15 These eight verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.1, “Erat autem homo ex

pharisaeis, Nicodemus nomine, princeps Judaeorum.” (Vu) / “There was a man of the

Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews.” (KJV) / “And there was a man of the

Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews.” (DR). 16616 Flat-foot n in dark grey ink added above a. 16616–29 These fourteen verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.2, “Hic venit ad Jesum nocte,

et dixit ei: Rabbi, scimus quia a Deo venisti magister, nemo enim potest haec signa facere,

quae tu facis, nisi fuerit Deus cum eo.” (Vu) / “The same came to Jesus by night, and

Þ

A

586 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





All stille·li3 summwhatt att himm; H16618

Off hiss godd·cunnde lare. 7 & tuss he toc forrþ·rihht anan; 16620

To mælenn wiþþ þe laferrd. Ma33stre – we witenn si·kerrli3. Þatt tu þurrh godess wille. & all o godess hallfe arrt sennd; Larfaderr her to manne. 16625

Forr niss nan mann þatt wirrkenn ma33. 16626 Þa tacness. þatt tu wirrkesst; Butt iff þatt drihhtin be wiþþ himm. All opennlike onn erþe. 7 & u·re laferrd iesu crist; 16630–35 16630

Himm 3aff anndswe·re. & se33de. To fulle soþ i se99e þe. Þatt niss nan mann onn erþe. Þatt mu6e godess riche sen; Butt he be borenn twi3ess. 16635

8 & nicodem 3aff sone þuss. 16636–43 Annd·swere till þe laferrd. Hu ma33 ald mann ben borenn efft. Onn elde off moderr wambe? Ma33 ani3 ald mann cumenn efft. 16640

Inn till hiss moderr wambe.

said unto him, Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from God: for no man can

do these miracles that thou doest, except God be with him.” (KJV) / “This man came to

Jesus by night, and said to him: Rabbi, we know that thou art come a teacher from God;

for no man can do these signs which thou dost, unless God be with him.” (DR). Below

the horizontal stroke of & in 16616 van Vliet wrote “2”. 16626 First written Forr nan /ma… $ wi¥ke… ma„., later an erased and iss nan added in light

brown ink over the erasure. 16630–35 These six verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.3, “Respondit Jesus, et dixit ei:

Amen, amen dico tibi, nisi quis renatus fuerit denuo, non potest videre regnum Dei.”

(Vu) / “Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man

be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.” (KJV) / “Jesus answered, and said to

him: Amen, amen I say to thee, unless a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom

of God.” (DR). Below the horizontal stroke of & in 16630 van Vliet wrote “3.”, and at

the end of the line “3”. 16636–43 These eight verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.4, “Dicit ad eum Nicodemus:

Quomodo potest homo nasci, cum sit senex? numquid potest in ventrem matris suae

iterato introire et renasci?” (Vu) / “Nicodemus saith unto him, How can a man be born

when he is old? can he enter the second time into his mother’s womb, and be born?”

(KJV) / “Nicodemus saith to him: How can a man be born when he is old? can he enter

a second time into his mother's womb, and be born again?” (DR). Below the horizontal

stroke of & in 16636 van Vliet wrote “4”.

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 587





To wurrþenn borenn to þiss lif. Efftsoness off hiss moderr? 7 & ure laferrd iesu crist; 16644–53 Himm 3aff ann[d]swere. & se33de. 16645 16645

To ful·le soþ i se99e þe. Loc 3iff þu willt itt trow·wenn. Þatt niss nan mann þatt cumenn ma33. H16648

Upp inn till godess riche. Butt iff he be rihht la6eli3. 16650

Efft borenn her onn erþe. Off waterr & off hali3 gast; Wiþþ all þe rihhte læfe. 7 All þatt tatt borenn iss off flæsh; 16654–57 Iss flæsh. & flæshess kinde. 16655

& all þatt borenn iss off gast; Iss ‘gast &’ gastess kinde. 16657 7 Ne þinnke þe na‘n’ wunnderr nu. 16658 Off – þatt i þe nu se33de. 16658–61 Þatt 3uw iss alle mikell ned; 16660

To wurr·þenn borenn twi3ess. Gast 3ifeþþ herrte. & wille & mahht. 16662–73

16644–53 These eight verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.5, “Respondit Jesus: Amen, amen

dico tibi, nisi quis renatus fuerit ex aqua, et Spiritu Sancto, non potest introire in regnum

Dei.” (Vu) / “Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of

water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.” (KJV) / “Jesus

answered: Amen, amen I say to thee, unless a man be born again of water and the Holy

Ghost, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.” (DR). Below the horizontal stroke of

& in 16644 van Vliet wrote “5”. 16645 ann[d]swere: MS a…swer±. 16654–57 These four verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.6, “Quod natum est ex carne, caro

est: et quod natum est ex spiritu, spiritus est.” (Vu) / “That which is born of the flesh is

flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.” (KJV) / “That which is born of the

flesh, is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit, is spirit.” (DR). At the end of the line

after All þatt in 16654 van Vliet wrote “vs. 6”. 16657 First written Iss ga%ess kìd±., later ga /% /& added rising in margin with guiding line

indicating point of insertion. 16658 Flat-foot n in dark grey ink added above a in na. 16658–61 These four verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.7, “Non mireris quia dixi tibi:

oportet vos nasci denuo.” (Vu) / “Marvel not that I said unto thee, Ye must be born

again.” (KJV) / “Wonder not, that I said to thee, you must be born again.” (DR). Between

the legs of the N of 16658 van Vliet wrote “7”. 16662–73 These twelve verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.8, “Spiritus ubi vult spirat, et

vocem ejus audis, sed nescis unde veniat, aut quo vadat: sic est omnis qui natus est ex

spiritu.” (Vu) / “The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof,

but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of

the spirit.” (KJV) / “The Spirit breatheth where he will; and thou hearest his voice, but

588 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





Þær þær himm sellfenn likeþþ. & tu mahht herenn gastess rerd; Wiþþ erþli3 flæshess ære. 16665

Acc þu ne mahht nohht witenn her. Þohh·wheþþre o flæshli3 wise. Fra wheþenn·warrd gast cumeþþ forþ; Ne whiderr·warrd he wendeþþ. 7 & o þatt wise iss |illc an mann; fol. 105v, col. 372 16670

Weppmann. & wi[m]·mann baþe. 16671 Þatt borenn iss off hali3 gast. Loc 3iff þüt ‘unnderr’‘st’anndesst. 16673 7 & nicodem 3aff sone þuss; 16674–77 Anndswere till þe laferrd. 16675

Hu shall mann unnderrstanndenn þiss? H16676

Whatt gate ma33 þiss wurrþenn? 7 & ure laferrd iesu crist; 16678–83 Himm 3aff anndswere. & se33de. Whatt gate arrt tu forr ma33stre tald. 16680

Inn issraæ·le þede. 5iff þatt tu nohht ne cannst off þiss. Þatt icc her habbe shæwedd? To fulle soþ i se99e þe; 16684–91

thou knowest not whence he cometh, and whither he goeth: so is every one that is born

of the Spirit.” (DR). In the left (outer) margin van Vliet wrote “vs. 8” opposite 16662, in

the bowl of the G “8”. 16671 wi[m]·mann: MS wï- /ma…. 16673 First written Loc ¦iff þu+ /u…de==t., later ü /d /± /¥ was added rising in balloon in right

(inner) margin after þu+, u in u…de==t was erased and %a written with the a over the erasure. 16674–77 These four verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.9, “Respondit Nicodemus, et dixit

ei: Quomodo possunt haec fieri?” (Vu) / “Nicodemus answered and said unto him, How

can these things be?” (KJV) / “Nicodemus answered, and said to him: How can these

things be done?” (DR). In the right (inner) margin opposite 16674 van Vliet wrote “9”,

under the horizontal stroke of & “9”. 16678–83 These four verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.10, “Respondit Jesus, et dixit ei:

Tu es magister in Israel, et haec ignoras?” (Vu) / “Jesus answered and said unto him, Art

thou a master of Israel, and knowest not these things?” (KJV) / “Jesus answered, and said

to him: Art thou a master in Israel, and knowest not these things?” (DR). In the right

(inner) margin opposite 16678 van Vliet wrote “10”, under the horizontal stroke of &

“10”. 16684–91 These eight verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.11, “Amen, amen dico tibi, quia

quod scimus loquimur, et quod vidimus testamur, et testimonium nostrum non

accipitis.” (Vu) / “Verily, verily, I say unto thee, We speak that we do know, and testify

that we have seen; and ye receive not our witness.” (KJV) / “Amen, amen I say to thee,

that we speak what we know, and we testify what we have seen, and you receive not our

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 589





We spellenn þatt we cunnenn. 16685

& tatt we sæ6enn opennli3; Þær to we wêiéttness sinn·denn. 16687 & tohh swa þehh niss 3uw nohht off. 16688 To tà·kenn ne to trowwenn. Þatt wittness þatt we be[r]enn forþ; 16690 16690

Off þatt we wissli3 sæ·6enn. 7 5iff þatt i spacc off erþli3 þing. 16692–97 & 3ët rihht nohht ne trowwenn; Hu shule 3e me trowwenn wel. 5iff þatt iss þatt i mæ·le. 16695

Till 3uw off hefennlike þing. Þatt all iss dep & dærne? 7 & niss nan mann þatt sti6eþþ upp. 16698–703 Inn till þe burrh off heffne; Wiþþ utenn hi‘mm’ þatt st‘ah forr menn.’ 16700 16700

Off heffne dun till erþe. Þe manness sune fuliwiss; Þatt wuneþþ upp inn heffne.

testimony.” (DR). In the right (inner) margin van Vliet wrote “11”, under the horizontal

stroke of T “11”. 16687 First written spellenn $ w±, then spellenn $ was erased and Þær to w± was written over

the erasure. The w of the original w± was kept, an i was written over the right side of the ±,

the left side was erased and ttness was written following it. The erasure of spellenn $ was

somewhat uncontrolled and extended further down than necessary, so that denn. & was

written on surface that had been scraped, hence the rough appearance of that passage. 16688 In the right (inner) margin van Vliet wrote “12”, under the horizontal stroke of &

“12”. This is four verses too early. 16690 be[r]enn: MS be¥enn. A horizontal pen stroke just to the right of the superscript r

does not resemble a normal deletion stroke; in fact, if Orrm had been dissatisfied with

the superscript r, he would have been more likely to erase it. 16692–97 These six verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.12, “Si terrena dixi vobis, et non

creditis: quomodo, si dixero vobis caelestia, credetis?” (Vu) / “If I have told you earthly

things, and ye believe not, how shall ye believe, if I tell you of heavenly things?” (KJV) /

“If I have spoken to you earthly things, and you believe not; how will you believe, if I

shall speak to you heavenly things?” (DR). 16698–703 These six verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.13, “Et nemo ascendit in caelum,

nisi qui descendit de caelo, Filius hominis, qui est in caelo.” (Vu) / “And no man hath

ascended up to heaven, but he that came down from heaven, even the Son of man which

is in heaven.” (KJV) / “And no man hath ascended into heaven, but he that descended

from heaven, the Son of man who is in heaven.” (DR). Under the horizontal stroke of &

in 16698 van Vliet wrote “13”. 16700 First written Wi‚ ute… himm /$ %ah., later mm was erased and /$ %ah. deleted (with

ascenders/descenders erased), two nasal strokes were added above i in hi, $ %ah was

written after hï with $ % over the erasure, and fo¥ menn. was added vertically in the right

(inner) margin.

590 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





8 & all all swa se moysæs. 16704–09 Hof upp þe neddre i wesste; 16705

All swa biho·feþþ fuliwiss. H16706

Þe man·ness sune onn erþe. To wurrþenn hofenn upp mang menn. Forr all mannki[n]·ne nede. 16709 Þatt wha se trowwenn shall onn himm; 16710f. 16710

Wel mu6e wurrþenn borr[6]enn. 16711

[Secundum iohannem. xxvi. xxvi Sic deus dilexit mundum. ut filium suum.] wa lu·fede þe la·ferrd êgéodd. 16712 Þe we⸪relld. tatt he senn·de. 16712–19 Hiss a6enn sune. allmahhti3 godd. To wurrþenn mann onn erþe. 16715

To lesenn mann⸪kinn þurrh hiss dæþ; Üt off þe defless wal·de. Þatt wha se trow·wenn shall onn himm;

16704–09 These six verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.14, “Et sicut Moyses exaltavit

serpentem in deserto, ita exaltari oportet Filium hominis:” (Vu) / “And as Moses lifted

up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up.” (KJV) / “And

as Moses lifted up the serpent in the desert, so must the Son of man be lifted up:” (DR).

In the right (inner) margin opposite 16704 van Vliet wrote “14”, under the horizontal

stroke of & “14”. 16709 mannki[n]·ne: MS ma…kï- /n±. Before this verse van Vliet wrote “15” (which should

properly have been placed before 16710). 16710f. These six verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.15, “ut omnis qui credit in ipsum,

non pereat, sed habeat vitam aeternam.” (Vu) / “That whosoever believeth in him should

not perish, but have eternal life.” (KJV) / “That whosoever believeth in him, may not

perish; but may have life everlasting.” (DR). 16711 borr[6]enn: MS borr¦±… (with … placed above ± and with caret at baseline). xxvi The space for the Latin text was never filled. The Latin incipit in the edited text is

taken from the Table of Contents. Note that a pericope for homily xxvi is found on fol.

110r. 16712 Space for initial S over six lines; the actual initial takes up four lines. No guide letter.

In the upper ‘compartment’ of the S van Vliet wrote “vs. 16”. lufede: first written lufed,

then Orrm realised that he was encroaching on the space for the Latin text, erased fed,

wrote a hyphen over the erasure and continued with fede on the next line. êgéodd.: first

written cri%., then c was incorporated in g, ri% was erased and odd written over the erasure. 16712–19 These six verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.16, “Sic enim Deus dilexit mundum,

ut Filium suum unigenitum daret: ut omnis qui credit in eum, non pereat, sed habeat

vitam aeternam.” (Vu) / “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son,

that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.” (KJV) / “For

God so loved the world, as to give his only begotten Son; that whosoever believeth in

him, may not perish, but may have life everlasting.” (DR).

S

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 591





Wel mu6e wurrþenn borr·6enn. Forr drihhtin godd ne sennde nohht. 16720–23 16720

Hiss sune forr to de·menn. 16721f. Þiss we·relld. acc to lesenn itt. |Üt off þe defless walde. fol. 106r, col. 373

& wha se lefeþþ upp⸪onn himm; 16724–33 Þatt mann iss all unnde·medd. 16725

& wha se onn himm ne trowweþþ nohht; Þatt mann iss nu33u demedd. Forrþi þatt he ne trowweþþ nohht. Swa summ himm birrde trowwenn. Upp⸪o þatt name þatt iss sett. 16730

O godess su·ne onn erþe. Onn himm – þatt iss off drihh·tin godd; Ankennedd sune strenedd. 7 Þatt iss þe dom. þatt lihht & lem; 16734–39 H16734

Iss cumenn upp onn erþe. 16735

& menn ne lufenn nohht te lihht; Acc lufenn þessterrnesse. Forrþi þatt te33re dede iss all. Unngod. & all unnclene.

16720–23 These four verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.17, “Non enim misit Deus Filium

suum in mundum, ut judicet mundum, sed ut salvetur mundus per ipsum.” (Vu) / “For

God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through

him might be saved.” (KJV) / “For God sent not his Son into the world, to judge the

world, but that the world may be saved by him.” (DR). Before F in 16720 van Vliet wrote

“17”, at the end of the line after godd “vs. 17”. 16721f. First written Hiss /sun± dun till erþ±. /To demenn her ada- /mess %ren. Off hÑ- /þe…dom. & dwild±. |Acc $ h± sholld± lese… i™. Later all the text after Hiss /sun± in col. 372 was erased,

while the verse at the top of col. 373 was deleted, with ascenders and descenders scraped

off. The current text was written over the first three lines of erased text in col. 372. 16724–33 These four verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.18, “Qui credit in eum, non

judicatur; qui autem non credit, jam judicatus est: quia non credit in nomine unigeniti

Filii Dei.” (Vu) / “He that believeth on him is not condemned; but he that believeth not

is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son

of God.” (KJV) / “He that believeth in him is not judged. But he that doth not believe, is

already judged: because he believeth not in the name of the only begotten Son of God.”

(DR). In the left (inner) margin opposite 16724 van Vliet wrote “vs. 18”, under the

horizontal stroke of & “18”. 16734–39 These four verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.19, “Hoc est autem judicium: quia

lux venit in mundum, et dilexerunt homines magis tenebras quam lucem: erant enim

eorum mala opera.” (Vu) / “And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the

world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil.” (KJV) /

“And this is the judgment: because the light is come into the world, and men loved

darkness rather than the light: for their works were evil.” (DR). In the left (inner) margin

at the beginning of 16734 van Vliet wrote “19”.

592 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





7 Forr wha sïtt iss þatt ifell doþ; 16740–45 16740

He shu·neþþ lihht & leme. & fleþ to cumenn to þe lihht; Þatt he ‘ne’ wurrþe tæledd. 16743 Þurrh þa þatt sen hiss fule lasst; 16744 & hiss unnclene dede. 16745 16745

& wha se foll·6eþþ soþ & rihht. 16746–51 Inn alle gode de·dess; He cumeþþ gladdli3 to þe lihht. To shæwenn þatt hiss dede. Iss all i godd. & all þurrh godd. 16750

& þurrh hiss hell·pe forþedd. 7 Her endenn twa goddspelless ‘þuss.’ 16752 & uss birrþ hemm þurrhsekenn. 16753 To lokenn whatt te33 lærenn uss; 16754 Off ure sawle nede. 16755

16740–45 These four verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.20, “Omnis enim qui male agit,

odit lucem, et non venit ad lucem, ut non arguantur opera ejus:” (Vu) / “For every one

that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be

reproved.” (KJV) / “For every one that doth evil hateth the light, and cometh not to the

light, that his works may not be reproved.” (DR). In the left (inner) margin at the

beginning of 16740 van Vliet wrote “20”. 16743 n± added between lines with caret at baseline to indicate point of insertion. 16744 þa þatt: first written þatt (omitting þa), then tt were erased and $ was written over

the erasure. 16745 hiss: first written unn (anticipating next word), then these characters were erased

and hiss was written over the erasure. 16746–51 These six verses are Orrm’s rendering of Jn 3.21, “qui autem facit veritatem, venit

ad lucem, ut manifestentur opera ejus, quia in Deo sunt facta.” (Vu) / “But he that doeth

truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in

God.” (KJV) / “But he that doth truth, cometh to the light, that his works may be made

manifest, because they are done in God.” (DR). In the left (inner) margin opposite the

beginning of 16746 van Vliet wrote “21”, in the space under the horizontal stroke of &

“21”. 16752 First written 7 Her ende‚ nu þiss /goddspell þuss., later ‚ nu þiss was erased and nn twa

written over the erasure, þuss was erased and ess written over the erasure, and þuss. was

added written in a balloon rising in left (inner) margin with guiding line indicating point

of insertion. 16753 hemm: first written itt, later this word was erased and he†. (with otiose punctus)

was written over the erasure. 16754 te33 lærenn: first written itt lære‚, later itt and ‚ were erased and te¦¦ and … were

written over the erased characters.

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 593





8 iss nicodem. þatt onn a ÷ nahht. 16756 Wass cumenn till þe la·ferrd. Att himm to lernenn stilleli3. Summ whatt off hali3 lare; He wass off þa þatt turrndenn hemm. 16760

To lefenn upp o criste. Son summ þe33 haff·denn herrd hiss spell; H16762

& se6enn hise tacness. Þær i þe burrh off 3errsalæm; Att te33re passke⸪messe. 16765

Off þa þatt tokenn hemm till crist; Hallflinngess. nohht wiþþ alle. Acc swa þatt wel þe33 mihhtenn himm. Efftsoness all forrwerr·penn. 5iff þatt te33 munndenn upp⸪onn himm; 16770

Ohht findenn forr to tæ·lenn. Off swillke wass þiss nico·dem; Þatt comm till ure laferrd. O þess·terr nahht. forr þatt wass don. Forr þatt itt shollde tacnenn. 16775

Þatt he nass nohht 3ët tanne full. Off all þe rihh·te trowwþe. Noff godess laress brihh·te lem. Noff rihhtwisnessess sunne. Forr whatt he nass nohht derrf i·noh. 16780

All opennli3 to sekenn. Þe la·ferrd crist biforr þe follc. To lofenn himm & wurrþenn. Forr þurrh þatt tatt he se33de þuss. Allræresst till þe laferrd. 16785

Ma33stre we wìtenn si·kerrli3. Þatt tu þurrh godess wille. & all o godess hallfe arrt sennd. Larfaderr her to manne; Þær⸪þurrh he dide uss opennli3. 16790

To sen. & tunnderrstanndenn. Þatt he ne wisste nohht 3ët ta. H16792

16756 Space for initial Þ over two lines; the actual initial takes up 1½ lines, with horizontal

straight line filling the lower part of the space. Small guide letter þ in left (inner) margin.

‘Syntactic’ dash after the indefinite article (or is it just an erroneously written hyphen at

the end of the line?).

Þ

594 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





Þatt crist wass godd off heffne. Acc wennde þatt he wære an mann. All full off godess hellpe. 16795

& full off hefennlike mahht; To wirrkenn miccle tacness. & full off hefennlike witt; To lærenn alle þede. |Alls iff he wære cumenn forþ; fol. 106r, col. 374 16800

Summ hali3 patriarrke. All full off hefennlike mahht. Oþþr án off þa profetess. Þatt haff·denn witt þurrh hali3 gast; Off all þatt cumenn shollde. 16805

& mahht & hellpe & hald off godd; To wirr·kenn miccle tacness. & swa to lefenn upp o‘nn’ crist; 16808 Wass rihht unnorne læfe. Alls off þatt mann þatt wass 3ët blind; 16810

Off he·fennlike leme. Forr þi þatt he ne wass nohht 3ët. O cristess na·me fullhtnedd. & forrþi niss·te he nohht 3ët ta; Þatt crist wass baþe onn erþe. 16815

Soþ godd off heffne. & ec soþ mann; I bo·di3. & i sawle. Acc all þwerrt üt off sinne fre; Forr godd ne ma33 nohht gilltenn. † iss ni·codem wass alls uss se33þ. 16820 H16820 16820

Iohan þe goddspellwrihhte; Off þatt farisewisshe follc. Þatt læredd wass o boke. 7 Off þa farisewisshe menn. Þatt we nu mælenn ummbe; 16825

We finde‘nn’ upp o latin boc. 16826 Þatt te33 wiss·like wærenn. An lott off þatt iu·disskenn follc; Þatt læredd wass o boke.

16808 upp o‘nn’: first written upp o, later nn (flat-foot type) added above o between lines. 16820 Space for initial Þ over two lines; the actual initial takes up 1½ lines. No guide letter. 16826 First written W± findenn /writenn o þ± boc., later nn /writenn o þ± was erased, nn written

above e in finde and u¤ /o latin written over the erasure.

Þ

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 595





Acc þe33 þurrh modi3⸪nesse & ec. 16830

Þurrh sinnfull gredi3⸪nesse. 16831–34 Dro6enn well mikell go·dess follc. Üt off þe rihhte we3·3e. Forr all þe33 dro6enn þe33re spell; Towarrd erþli3 bi3æte. 16835 16835

& godess la6e. & godess rihht. & hiss hall6e settnesse. 16837 Þe33 didenn mikell fallenn dun; 16838 Þurrh þe33re ‘gredi3’nesse. 16839 & hofenn þurrh hemm sellfenn upp. 16840

All affterr þe33re wille. Settnessess. hu mann birrde godd. 16842-44 & godess la6e foll6enn. & 3edenn þuss onn3æn drihh⸪tin; Þurrh þe33re modi3nesse. 16845

& þurrh þatt tatt te33 dro6enn a33. Affterr erþli3 bi3æte. & led·denn ec well sinnfull lif. 16848 O fèle ki[n]·ne wise. 16849 & dro6enn mikell go·dess follc; H16850 16850

Üt off þe rihhte we3·3e. Þurrh þatt te33 settenn i þe follc[.] 16852-60 Settnessess bi þe33m sellfenn. & tohh wass all þatt illke follc; Farise·wisshe nemmnedd; 16855

16831–34 These four verses were first written as

Þurrh ‹mikell 3iferr›nesse.

‹Tokenn to spellenn to þe follc.

All affterr þe33re wille.

& all› þe33 dro6enn þe33re spell.

Later the marked passages were erased and the current text was written over the erasure. 16835 The word “bi¦æt±” was underlined by van Vliet. 16837 First written & /all godess settness±., later all godess erased and hiss hall‰± written over

the erasure. 16838 The word mikell plus two horizontal lines, about the width of an m, over erasure.

Nothing can be discerned of the original text. 16839 ‘gredi3’nesse: first written ¦ife¥ness±, later ¦ife¥ was deleted and gredi¦ written

between the lines. 16842-44 Marked passages over erasure; original text cannot be made out. 16848 Marked passage over erasure; original text cannot be made out. 16849 ki[n]·ne: MS ki…- /n±. 16852-60 Marked passage over erasure; original text cannot be made out. No mark of

punctuation after follc.

596 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





Forr þatt tatt follc a33 droh himm upp; Abufenn all þe lede. Forr all þatt follc lët tatt he wass. Unnlic all oþerr lede. & ski·ledd üt all ‘fra þe follc; 16860f. 16860

Þurrh hali3 lif & lare.’ Forr farisew bi·tacneþþ uss; Shædinng onn enn·glissh spæche. & forrþi wass þatt name hemm sett; Forr þatt te33 wærenn shadde. 16865 Swa summ hemm þuhhte. fra þe follc. 16866f. Þurr[h] hali3 lif. & lare. 16867 7 & off þatt follc wass nicodem; Swa summ þe goddspell kiþeþþ. Acc he wass cumenn þa till crist; 16870

To be·tenn hise sinness. Þurrh þatt he lernenn wollde att crist; Þe la⸪re off rihhtwisnesse. & off þe rihhte crisstenndom; & off þe |rih[h]te læfe. 16875 fol. 106v, col. 375 16875

7 þurrh þatt tatt he wiss·te wel. 16876 Swa summ himm sellf ‘itt se33de.’ 16877 Þatt crist wass cumenn all þurrh godd. H16878

Larfaderr her to manne; Þær þurrh wass séne þatt he þa. 16880

Summwhatt bigunnenn haffde. To lefenn o þe laferrd crist; Þatt wise þatt himm birr·de. Forr þatt wass soþ þatt crist wass sennd. Þurrh drihhtin godd off heffne. 16885

To wurrþenn mann o moderr hallf; Forr all mannkinne nede. & crist wass wiss larfaderr god; & ma33stre off alle ma33stress.

16860f. Marked passage added vertically in right (outer) margin with signe de renvoi

indicating the proper point of insertion. 16866f. Marked passage over erasure; original text cannot be made out. 16867 Þurr[h]: MS Þu¥hh. 16875 rih[h]te: MS riht±. 16876 Large & over two lines; no guide letter. 16877 First written Swa sü h± se„d± hï sellfenn., later h± se„d± and enn were deleted and itt se¦¦d± was added vertically in left (outer) margin.

&

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 597





Þær se33de nico·dem full soþ. 16890

Off crist. & off hiss co·me. 7 iss nicodem bitacnenn ma33. 16892 ‘Þatt witt tu wel to soþe’. 16893 Þatt lede þatt primmse33nedd iss. & iss 3ët all unnfullht·nedd. 16895

& iss all alls itt wære 3ët; I nahh·tess þessterrnesse. Whil þatt itt nunnderrstann·deþþ nohht. All þwerrt üt wel wiþþ alle. Þe depe lare off godess boc. 16900

Wiþþ all þe rihhte læfeŸ 8 forr þatt he trowwede wel. 16902

Swa summ himm sellf ‘itt se33de.’ 16903 Þatt crist wass cumenn all þurrh godd. & all o godess hallfe. 16905

& comm þohhwheþþre o nahht till crist. Stil·li3 wiþþ himm to mælenn; Forrþi bitacneþþ he þatt follc. H16908

Þatt lefeþþ wel o criste. & ledeþþ þohh flæshlike lif. 16910

I þæwess & i de·dess. & nohht ne darr 3ët sti6enn upp. To foll·6enn he6e mahhtess. 16913 I gastli3 lifess brihh·te da33; Forr hiss flæshess unnstrenncþe. 16915

Acc foll6eþþ flæshli3 lifess nahht. I þæwess & ‘i’ dedess. 16917 & mæleþþ wiþþ þe la·ferrd crist. & herrcneþþ whatt he mæ·leþþ; Þurrh þatt te33 lefenn rihht o crist. 16920

& herrcnenn cristess lare. Acc þatt niss nohht inoh till hemm.

16892 Space for initial Þ over two lines; the actual initial takes up 1½ lines. No guide letter. 16893 First written Swa sü þ± boc uss kiþe‚., later deleted and replaced by current text written

vertically in left (outer) margin. 16902 Large & over two lines; no guide letter. 16903 First written Swa sü h± se¦¦d± hï sellfe…., later h± se¦¦d± and e… deleted and a link to

itt se¦¦d±. in upper left (outer) margin provided by means of a signe de renvoi . 16913 The word separator ´ was inserted between he‰± and mahhtess. 16917 First written I /þæwess & dedess., later i added between the lines after the first d, but

with caret at baseline indicating the proper point of insertion after &.

&

Þ

598 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





To berr6enn lif & saw·le. Þatt te33 hemm turrnenn towarrd crist. Wiþþ all þe rihhte læfe; 16925

5iff þatt te33 ledenn sinnfull lif. Wiþþ all þe flæshess wille. Forr þohh þu trowwe rihht o crist; Ne mahht tu nohht [b]en borr6enn. 16929 5iff þatt tu nohht ne ni·messt gom; 16930

To wirrkenn allmess de·dess. Forr wha se lefeþþ rihht o crist. & foll6eþþ alle sinness; 16933 He foll[6]eþþ wel þe defless ÷ sloþ. 16934

‘Þatt witt tu wel to soþe’. 16935 16935

Forr defell trowweþþ wel. & wät. Þatt crist iss godd off heffne. & tohh ne doþ he næfre god; H16938

Þatt himm to frame turrneþþ. Forr defless wille. & defless lusst; 16940

Iss ifell all. & æfre. 7 e nahht ma33 ec bitacnenn uss. 16942 All þatt stafflike lare. [O]ff moy·sæsess la6eboc. 16944 & off hall6e profetess. 16945

& off sallmsang. þatt nicodem. Wass de·pe læredd onne. Þatt lare þatt wass all bi·sett. Wiþþ nahhtess þessterrnesse. Till þa þatt ta ne sæ6enn nan. 16950

Gastlike witt tær onne. Forr illc unnwitt ma33 tacnedd ben.

16929 [b]en: the letter b is covered with black ink apart from a section of the lower left part.

A vertical pen stroke just to the right of the repair of the margin and to the left of the

black overwriting of b does not seem to make sense. 16933 The punctus elevatus has been elaborated with small strokes in black ink.

16934 foll[6]eþþ: MS follte‚, with a superscript h above the t. Syntactic dash between defless and sloþ. 16935 First written Swa sü þ± boc uss /kiþe‚., later deleted (the strokes do not cover the second

s of uss and the punctus) and guiding line drawn to current text written vertically in upper

left (outer) margin (verse 16893). 16942 Large initial Þ over two lines; no guide letter. 16944 [O]ff: first written M, then O was imposed on M, but the strokes of M were never

erased from inside the O.

Þ

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 599





Þurrh nahhtess þessterrnesse. Forr unnwis mann iss blunnt & blind. Off herr·tess e6esihhþe. 16955

7 ec forr þi þatt ni·codem. 16956 Onn ennglissh spæche tacneþþ. 16956–58 Þatt lede þatt iss si33efasst; He wass forr to bitacnenn. Þatt lott off iss·raæle þed. 16960

Þatt turrnedd wass till criste. Þurrh fulluhht. & þurrh criss·tenndom. & þurrh þe rihhte læfe. & all forrwarrp & oferrcomm. Þurrh oferrhannd & si3e. 16965

All werelldshipess |lufe & lusst; fol. 106v, col. 376 H16966

& all erþlike sell·þe. 8 mann ma33 trowwenn þatt he comm. 16978 O nahht till ure laferrd; Forrþi þatt he ne mihhte nohht. 16970

O da33 forr shame lernenn. He þatt wass haldenn þære. & tald. Forr ma33·stre amang þe lede. 7 mann ma33 trowwenn ec þatt he. 16974 Comm o þe nahht till criste. 16975

Forr·þi þatt he ne durrste nohht. Þatt ani3 mann itt wisste. Þatt he wiþþ crist i sunnde[r]run. 16978 Himm awihht haffde kiþþedd. Forr 3iff þa mihhtenn ‘witenn’ itt. 16980 16980

Þatt haffdenn niþ wiþþ criste; Þe33 munndenn drifenn himm anan. All üt off þe33re mæne. & haldenn himm forr hæþenn mann; Þatt godd forrsa·kenn haffde. 16985

16956 Large & over two lines; no guide letter. 16956–58 Nicodemus ultimately derives from Gr νίκη “victory” + δῆμος “people”, i.e. “victory of the people”. 16978 Large & over two lines; no guide letter. 16974 Large & over three lines; no guide letter. 16978 sunnde[r]run: MS süde¥run. 16980 First written Fo¥ ¦iff þa mihte… itt., then after the next verse was written wite… was

added at the end of the next line with guiding line indicating point of insertion.

&

&

&

600 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





7 forrþi þatt tiss nicodem. 16986 Þatt we nu mælenn ummbe. Himm haffde tàkenn mi·kell gom. Off cristess miccle tac·ness. & wisste þatt te laferrd crist. 16990

Wass all o godess hallfe; Forr þi comm he till crist anan. Wiþþ mikell lusst to lernenn. To fra33nenn himm off crisstenndom; H16994

& off þe rihhte læfe. 16995

7 forrþi þatt te laferrd sahh. 16996 Þatt he wass fus to lernenn; 16997 Forrþi wass he rihht rædi3 till. To wissenn himm & lærenn. & tahhte himm mikell lare anan; 17000

Off all swillc alls he 3err‘n’de. 17001 7 Off – þatt he wass himm sellf soþ godd; & godess sune ankennedd. 7 & off þatt tatt nan mann ne ma33. 17004 Ben borr6enn att hiss ende. 17005

Butt iff he twi33ess borenn be. Firrst off hiss kinn. & siþþenn. Att hall·6edd funnt off hali3 gast. Wiþþ all þe rihhte læfe. 7 & off – þatt all þatt bo·renn iss. 17010

Off flæsh; iss flæshess kin·de. 7 & off – þatt all þatt borenn iss. Off gast; iss gastess kinde. 7 Off – hu þe mann iss wharrfedd her. Fra flæsh. till gastli3 kinde. 17015

Þurrh þatt he takeþþ crisstenndom; Wiþþ fulluhht & wiþþ trowwþe. 7 & off þatt he wass sennd þurrh godd. To kiþenn godess wille. 7 & off þatt menn ne tokenn nohht. 17020

Wiþþ himm. ne wiþþ hiss lare.

16986 Large & over two lines; no guide letter. 16996 Large & over two lines; no guide letter. 16997 The word “fus” was underlined by van Vliet. 17001 3err‘n’de: first written ¦e¥d±, later n written above ± with caret at baseline to indicate

point of insertion. 17004 The word separator ´ was inserted between nan and ma….

&

&

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 601





7 & off – þatt nan ne sti6eþþ upp. Off all mann kinn till heffne; Wiþþ utenn himm áne þatt stah. H17024

Off heffne dun till erþe. 17025

7 & off þatt tatt te manness stren. Forr manne nede shollde. Ben hofenn upp o rodetre. Wiþþ utenn hise gillte; All rihht all swa se moysæs. 17030

Hof upp þe neddre i wesste. 7 & ec off – þatt allmahh·ti3 godd. Swa lufede wiþþ herr·te. Þiss werelld. tatt he sennde dun. Hiss a6enn sune ankennedd. 17035

To wurrþenn mann. to lesenn üt; Þe werelld fra þe defell. 7 & off – þatt godess sune nass. Nohht hiderr sennd to manne. To de·menn her. adamess stren. 17040

Off hæþenndom & dwilde; Acc forr to lesenn all mann kinn. Üt off þe defless walde. 7 & ec off þatt tatt illc an mann. Iss all þwerrtüt unndemedd. 17045

Whatt mann sitt iss. þatt wel & rihht. O godess su·ne lefeþþ. 7 & ec off þatt tatt illc an |mann; fol. 107r, col. 377

Iss nu33u þwerrt üt demedd. Whatt mann sitt iss þatt nile nohht; 17050

O godess sune lefenn. 7 & off þatt tatt iss all þe dom; H17052

Þatt lihht comm upp onn erþe. & menn ne lu·fenn nohht te lihht; Acc lu·fenn þessterrnesse. 17055

Forr þi þatt te33re werrc iss all. 17056 Unn·god. & all unnclene. 7 & off þatt he þatt ifell doþ; A33 hateþþ lihht & leme. 7 & off þatt he þatt doþ summ god; 17060

17056 iss: first written as wass, later w was erased and a partly erased, partly overwritten

to make i.

602 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





A33 cumeþþ to þe le·me. Forr þatt he wile þatt mann se. & wìte þatt hiss dede. Iss all i godd. & all þurrh godd. & þurrh hiss hellpe forþedd. 17065

7 Off swillc & swillc wass nicodem. Wel wurrþ to wurrþenn læredd; Forr þatt he comm wiþþ mikell lusst. Summ god att crist to lernenn. 8 forr þatt crist ne wollde nohht. 17070 17070

Þatt nico·dem ne wisste. Þatt he ne sholl·de mu6enn nohht. Ben borr6enn þohh he mihhte. Lefenn & trow·wenn rihht o crist. Þurrh cristess miccle tacness. 17075

Butt iff he wære att hali3 funnt. Efft borenn her onn erþe. Off waterr & off hali3 gast. Unnderr þe rihhte læfe; Forrþi toc crist forrþrihht anan. 17080

Unnbedenn & unnbonedd. Allræresst towarrd nicodem. H17082

To mælenn & to spellenn. Off þatt himm allre mast wass ned; I crisstenndom to cunnenn. 17085

Off þatt tatt he ne mihhte nohht. Ben borr6enn att hiss ende. Butt iff he wære la6eli3; O godess name fullht·nedd. 8 tatt te laferrd se33de þuss. 17090 17090

Till nicodem wiþþ worde. To fulle soþ i se99e þe. Þatt niss na‘n’ mann onn erþe. 17093 Þatt mu6e godess ri·che sen. Butt he be borenn twi·3ess; 17095

Þatt wass alls iff he se33de þuss. Till himm wiþþ oþre wordess. Þatt mann. þatt niss nohht borenn 3ët.

17070 Large & over two lines; no guide letter. 17090 Large & over two lines; no guide letter. 17093 Flat-foot n in dark grey ink added above a in na.

&

&

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 603





Gastli·ke off gastli3 moderr. & all þurrh godd off hali3 gast. 17100

Inn hall6edd wa·terr fullhtnedd; Ne ma33 he nohht rihht cnawenn me. Swa summ icc amm to cnawenn. Þatt amm all·mahhti3 godd. & ec. Soþ sihhþe off soþfasstnesse. 17105

Þatt amm þatt ki·nedom. þatt godd. Heh faderr rixleþþ inne. Þatt tu 3ët nunnderrstann·desst nohht; Forr þatt tu narrt nohht fullhtnedd. Ne læredd nohht off crisstenndom. 17110

Noff all þe rihhte læfe. 8 tatt tatt ni·codem 3aff þuss. 17112 H17112

Anndswere till þe laferrd. Hu ma33 ald mann ben borenn her. Efftsoness off |hiss moderr; fol. 107r, col. 378 17115

Þatt doþ uss tunnderrstanndenn wel. Þatt he wass 3ët unnlæredd. Off þatt tatt iesu cristess þeww. Birrþ bo·renn ben efftsoness. Off ha·li3 gast. þurrh hali3 funnt. 17120

O godess name fullhtnedd. 8 all swa summ þe mann ne ma33. 17122 Nohht wurrþenn borenn twi3ess. Off moderr & off faderr stren. To cu·menn her to manne; 17125

All·swa ne birrþ nohht cristess þeww. O cristess name wurr·þenn. Twa siþess borenn att te funnt. 17128 Ne wurr·þenn twi3ess fullhtnedd. To cumenn upp till heff·ness ærd. 17130

Upp inn till eche blisse; Þohh þatt he be þurrh defless þeww. O godess na·me fullhtnedd. 7 & tatt tatt godess þeww ma33 >w<e>l<. 17134 Þurrh defless þeww ben fullhtnedd; 17135

17112 Large & over two lines; no guide letter. 17122 Large & over two lines; no guide letter. 17128 Twa: a over erasure, original character cannot be seen. 17134 wel: first written þeh, later the ascender of þ was erased to make a wynn, and the

second minim of h was erased to make an l.

&

&

604 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





Þatt wass bitacnedd opennli3. Þurrh abrahamess bis·ne. 17137 Forr all all swa summ abraham; Strenede chilldre off baþe. Off aþell wif. & off ammbohht; 17140

All swa drihhtin off heff·ne. Himm streneþþ chilldre off hali3 gast. H17142

Inn hall6edd funnt onn erþe. Þurrh baþe. þurrh hiss a6enn hird; & þurrh þe def·less þewwess. 17145

7 tatt te laferrd se33de þær[.] 17146 Till nicodem wiþþ wor·de. Þatt nass na‘n’ mann i middell ærd. 17148 Þatt æfre cumenn mihhte[.] 17149 Upp inn till godess ki·nedom. 17150

Upp inn till godess riche. Butt iff he wæ·re borenn efft. Wiþþ all þe rihhte læfe. Off ha·li3 gast inn hall6edd funnt. O godess name fullhtnedd; 17155

Þatt wass alls iff he se33⸪de þuss. Till himm wiþþ oþre wordess. Ne ma33 na‘n’ mann her wurrþi ben. 17158 Þurrh hise gode dedess. To cumenn fra þe laþe gast. 17160

All rihht inn till me sellfenn. Inn till þatt hall6e flocc þatt icc. Off all mann·kinn shall turrnenn. Till fulluhht. & till criss·tenndom. & till þe rihhte læfe. 17165

Swa þatt itt shall min bo·di3 ben. To foll6enn all |mi‘n’ wille. 17167 fol. 107v, col. 379

Swa þatt i shall me sellf a33 ben. 17168 H17168

Upp o þatt bodi3 hæfedd.

17137 Text has been erased under part of abrahamess; original text cannot be made out. 17146 Large & over two lines; no guide letter. No mark of punctuation after þær. 17148 Flat-foot n in dark grey ink added above a in na. 17149 No mark of punctuation after mihht±. 17158 Flat-foot n in dark grey ink added above a in na. 17167 Flat-foot n in dark grey ink added above i in mi. 17168 First written Swa $ i shall m± sellfenn ben., later enn erased and a¦¦ written over the

erasure.

&

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 605





To 3emenn. & to frofrenn hemm. 17170

To fedenn. & to berr6enn. Swa þatt we shulenn alle ben. Þatt hall6e kineriche. Þatt heffness king – mi‘n’ faderr shall. 17174 Hehlike rixlenn inne; 17175

Butt iff he la6elike be. Upp o mi‘n’ name fullhtnedd. 17177 7 Her mahht tu sen þatt all iss an. To sen drihh·tiness riche. & to ben wurrêðé to cu·menn upp. 17180 17180

Inn till drihhtiness ri·che. & baþe fallenn inn till crist; Forr crist iss godess riche. Inn all þatt follc þatt foll6eþþ himm; & inn himm sellfenn baþe. 17185 17185

Forr crist iss wiþþ hiss hall6e follc. All an inn alle gode. & wiþþ hiss follc iss crist himm sellf. Þatt hall6e kineriche; Þatt cristess faderr heffness king. 17190

Heh·like rixleþþ inne. 8 att waterr. þatt iss att te funnt. 17192 Blettcedd wiþþ go·dess wordess. & ec wiþþ hall6edd elesæw. Þatt prestess don þær inne; 17195

Þatt clennseþþ all þe bodi3 þær. H17196

Off alle kinne sinness. & godess lare off criss·tenndom. & off þe rihhte læfe; Þatt clennseþþ all þe manness gast. 17200

& all þe manness sawle; Þurrh þatt he takeþþ innwarrdli3. Wiþþ all þe rihhte læ·fe. & all forrwerrpeþþ hæþenndom.

17174 Flat-foot n in dark grey ink added above m in mi with caret at baseline to indicate

insertion after i. 17177 Flat-foot n in dark grey ink added above i in mi. 17180 wurrêðé: first written wurrh, later ð was written over h and extraneous parts of h were

erased. 17185 e… baþ± over erasure; original text cannot be seen. 17192 Large initial Þ over two lines; no guide letter.

Þ

606 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





& all þe defless lare. 17205 17205

|& te birrþ wìtenn þohh swa þehh. 17206 fol. 108r

& sikerrlike trowwenn. Þatt ba·þe clennseþþ hali3 funnt. Þe bodi3. & te sawle. Off all þatt e33þerr filedd wass. 17210

Þurrh ani3 kinne sinne. Acc 3iff þatt he þatt fullhtnedd iss. Her lìfeþþ forþ onn erþe; Þa birrþ himm all rihht læchenn himm. Hiss þohht. hiss word. hiss dede. 17215

All affterr godess lare. & ec. Þurrh all þe rihhte læfe. 5iff þatt he wìle borr6enn ben; Þurrh þatt tatt he wass fullhtnedd. & forr·þi se33þ þe boc full soþ. 17220

Þatt godess hall6e lare. & all þe rihhte læfe o godd; Clennseþþ þe |manness sawle. fol. 108v

Forr all þatt ani3 man‘n’ iss god. 17224 & cwemeþþ godd onn er·þe; 17225

All cumeþþ off þatt – tatt hiss gast. H17226

Iss clennsedd & rihht læchedd. Þurrh larspell & þurrh hali3 funnt. & þurrh þe rihhte læfe. & þurrh þatt he forrwerrpeþþ all. 17230

Hiss flæshess fule wille. & takeþþ till wiþþ all hiss mahht. Gastlike lif to foll6enn. All affterr godess bodeword; & affterr godess lare. 17235

Þatt clennseþþ all þe sawless lusst. & all þe sawless wille. To ledenn .á. þe bodi3 rihht. All affterr godess lare. end of fol. 108v

|& tær iss þa þatt ill·ke mann. fol. 107v, col. 379 ctd. 17240

Unnse6ennlike wharrfedd.

17205 less lar±. erased and rewritten in a more condensed form to make room for the signe

de renvoi $ pointing to the text on fol. 108 (17206–39). 17206 Fol. 108r opens with the signe de renvoi $ providing a link to col. 379. 17224 man‘n’: first written man, later superscript black flat-foot n added between man and

iss god.

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 607





Fra flæsh till gast. þurrh þatt tatt he. Forrsakeþþ inn hiss herrte. To ledenn himm fra þeþenn forþ; Affterr þe flæshess wille. 17245

& takeþþ till wiþþ bliþe mod. 17246 Gast·like lif to ledenn. Forr wha se ledeþþ flæshli3 lif; Þatt mann iss flæsh onn erþe. & wha se ledeþþ gastli3 lif; 17250

Þatt mann iss gast onn heffne. & off þiss se33·de iesu crist; O þiss goddspelless lare. Þatt all þatt borenn iss off flæsh; Iss flæsh. & flæshess kinde. 17255

& all þatt borenn iss off gast; H17256

Iss gast. & gastess kinde. Forr summ mann foll6eþþ all hiss flæsh; & all þe flæshess wille. & summ mann foll·6eþþ all hiss gast; 17260

& all þe sawless wille. 7 tatt te laferrd se33de þuss. 17262 Till ni·codem wiþþ worde. Ne þinnke þe na‘n’ wunnderr nu. 17264 Off þatt i þe nu se33de. 17265

Þatt 3uw iss alle mikell ned. To wurrþenn borenn twi3ess; Þatt se33de he forr he wisste wel. Þatt nicodem 3ët tanne. Ne wisste nohht tatt ani3 mann. 17270

Gastlike mihh·te wurrþenn. Efft borenn her off hali3 gast. O godess name fullhtnedd. & forr⸪þi toc he sone anan; To shæwenn himm whatt wise. 17275

Flæshlike mann ma33 wurr·þenn gast; Þurrh hali3 gastess bisne. & se33de þuss till nicodem;

17246 till: first written tic, then ll written over the left and right sides of the c, which was

never erased. 17262 Large & over two lines; no guide letter. 17264 Flat-foot n in dark grey ink added above a in na.

&

608 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





Swa summ þiss godd·spell kiþeþþ. Gast 3ifeþþ witt. & wille. & mahht. 17280

Whatt mann se himm sellf god þinnkeþþ. To spel·lenn hali3like. & ec. To wirrkenn hall6e tacn·ess. 17283 & tu mahht herenn gastess rerd; Þær godess þewwess spellenn. 17285

& e33whær þær mann rædeþþ þe; H17286

Off hali3 wìte6unnge. Þær heresst tu þatt gastess rerd; Þatt spacc þurrh manness tunge. Acc þu ne mahht nohht |wìtenn þoh[h]. 17290 fol. 107v, col. 380 17290

Ne sen wiþþ flæshlic e6e. Fra wheþennwarrd. ne whanne he comm. Inn⸪till þe wìtess herrte. Ne whanne he fa·reþþ üt off himm; Ne whiderrwarrd he wen·deþþ. 17295

Forr gast iss all unnse6ennlic; Bi·forenn flæshlic e6e. & o þatt wise iss illc an mann; Þatt her iss borenn twi·3ess. 17299 Þatt borenn iss off hali3 gast. 17300 17300

Þurrh ful·luhht. & þurrh læ·fe. All swa ne mahht tu rihht nohht sen. Þurrh flæshess e6esihh·þe. O whillke wi·se he wharrfedd iss. Wiþþ innenn inn hiss herrte. 17305

Fra flæsh till gast. þurrh þatt tatt he. Forrsakeþþ. & forrwerrpeþþ. To ledenn himm fra þeþenn forþ; Affterr þe flæshess wille. & takeþþ till wiþþ bli·þe mod. 17310

Gastli·ke lif to ledenn. & ec þurrh þatt he takeþþ wel; Wiþþ all þe rihhte læfe. & all forrwerrpeþþ hæþenndom. H17314

17283 Holm (1878) read tácness, but what he took for an acute accent is the cross-stroke

at the bottom of the descender of p in spel- in the line above; the pen was not lifted smartly

off the vellum at the end of the stroke, so that it is unduly elongated. 17290 þoh[h]: MS þoh. 17299 A largish ink blot before iss; the original text cannot be made out. 17300 A character or two deleted before iss; the deleted text cannot be seen.

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 609





& all þe defless l>a<re. 17315 17315

7 Ne nohht ne mahht tu sen onn himm. Þurrh flæshess e6e⸪sihhþe. Þurrh whatt himm comm swa selili3. To fin·denn godess are. To cumenn till þe criss·tenndom. 17320

& till þe rihhte læfe. 8 Ne nohht ne mahht tu sen onn himm. Whatt gate he shall ben borr6enn. To cumenn upp till heffness ærd; To brukenn eche blisse. 17325

7 forr þatt nicodem wass 3Ët. 17326 Unnbo·renn i þatt time. Off hali3 gast. & all 3ët ta. Off gastli3 lare unn·læredd. Swa þatt he nohht ne cuþe 3ët. 17330

|Gastlike lare findenn. fol. 109r, col. 381a

Inn all þatt alde la·6eboc; Þatt he wass læredd onne; Forrþi wass himm full arrfeþþ 3ët. To sen whatt gate he mihhte. 17335

Ben borenn efft off hali3 gast. Þurrh fulluhht & þurrh trowwþe. & toc forrþi to fra33nenn crist. Off þatt. whatt gate he mihhte. Ben borenn efft off hali3 gast; 17340

To sen drihhtiness riche. 8 Off hali3 gast iss crist⁅ess⁆ þew⁅w.⁆17342 H17342

Efft borenn unnderr trowwþe. 17343 Fo⁅rr⁆ þatt he comm till crisstenndom; Þurr[h ha⁆li3 gastess are. 17345

& tatt iss þurrh þe ⁅3ife⁆ off godd. Forr hali3 gast iss baþe. A⁅ll·⁆mahhti3 godd. & 3ife off godd;

17315 l>a<re: first written læ, then the ‘pocket’ of the æ was erased and r± added. 17326 Large & over two lines; small guide letter & in magin. 17342 A large part of fol. 109 has been torn out. van Vliet assigned a column number only

to the longest column on each side of the folio. Here the letters a and b will designate the

left and right column, respectively, on either side. Lost sequences of characters will be

presented conjecturally in square brackets. ⁅ess⁆: a guiding line from the right once

indicated what was to be inserted after cri%; this must have been the genitive suffix. 17343 A character which cannot be identified was erased before trowwþ±.

&

610 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





‘Þatt witt tu wel to soþe.’ 17349 & all þurrh g⁅odess⁆ 3ife itt wass. 17350

& all þurrh god⁅ess wille.⁆ Þatt ani3 mann iss lesedd h⁅er. Üt⁆ off þe defless walde. & tur⁅rnedd till þe⁆ crisstenndom; & till ⁅þe rihhte læfe.⁆ 17355 17355

7 & þurrh e⁅rþli3⁆ ....................... ......he till n⁅icodem⁆............ ........ s.......................... ................................... .................... ⁅þu⁆ss till crist. 17360–63 17360

....33.............rr............. ... ⁅an⁆i3 mann ma33 wurrþenn her. Onn erþe borenn twi33ess. ......................... rest of col. 381a lost

.... |gate itt was⁅s. fol. 109r, col. 381b 17365

Gast⁆like tunn⁅derrstanndenn Þatt icc⁆ amm cu⁅menn⁆ ..... ...ne b.......s.... rest of col. 381b lost

|⁅& tatt te la⁆ferrd se33de þuss. fol. 109v, col. 382a

⁅Till nicodem wiþþ⁆ worde. 17370

& niss ⁅nan mann þatt sti6eþþ upp.⁆ Inn till þe burrh ⁅off heffne; Wiþþutenn himm⁆ þatt stah forr ⁅menn; Off heffne dun till er⁆þe. Þe man·⁅ness sune fuliwiss. 17375

& a3⁆3 occ a33 inn ⁅heffne. H17372 Þatt wass alls iff h⁆e se33de þuss.

⁅Till himm wiþþ oþre wordess. & st⁆i6enn inn ⁅till heffne. Butt iff þatt he b⁆e borenn ⁅efft. 17380

& lesedd fra þe defell⁆ Þurrh ⁅fulluhht & þurrh crisstennd⁆om. & ⁅þurrh þe rihhte læfe.

17349 First written S[wa summ] /þ± boc uss kiþe‚., later deleted and current text written in

left (inner) margin. 17355 As this edition retains more information from this folio than Holt (1878), verse numbers

begin to diverge here.

17360–63 The text of these four verses was written vertically in the left (inner) margin of fol.

109r, which helped it survive when large parts of the folio were torn out.

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 611





...........

... for⁆rþi ...... 17385 17385

.......ern.... .... ⁅þ⁆e la·⁅ferrd⁆.... 17387 rest of col. 382a lost

........... |ben wurrþ. fol. 109v, col. 382b

To sti6enn upp till heffne; Butt iff he wæ·re lesedd üt. 17390

Þurrh cristess dæþ off helle. Forr swillc & swillc spacc iesu crist; Till nicodem. & se33de. Þatt all all swa se moysæs. Hof upp þe neddre i wesste; 17395

All all swa shollde upp ho·fenn ben. Þe manness su·ne onn erþe. 7 Her droh þe laferrd iesu crist. Þurrh þise fæwe wordess. Þatt he6e ma33stre nicodem; 17400

Inn till gastlike lare. Forr þatt he wollde don ⁅himm⁆ swa. Gastlike tunn⁅derrstan⁆ndenn. Þe la⁅ferrd godess⁆ la6e⸪⁅boc & sallmsang &⁆ p⁅ro⁆fe·⁅tess⁆ rest of col. 382b lost 17405

...................... |hemm harrde. fol. 110r, col. 383

& badd he shollde ledenn hemm; H17401

Wiþþ all þatt tatt te33 haffdenn. Inn till þe land off 3errsalæm; To biggenn þær i lande. 17410

& moysæs all dide swa; Summ drihhtin bedenn haffde. & alls he comm wiþþ all þe follc. Inn till a wilde wesste; Þa wass þatt laþe wesste all full. 17415

Off aness kinness neddress. Þatt wærenn alle samenn þær. 17417 Off swillc firene kinde. Þatt wha se stungenn wass þurrh hemm; He swallt þurrh firess wunde. 17420

17385 Or [wur]rþi 17387 Or [þ]e la·[þe gast] 17417 First written Þatt /wærenn alls uss se„þ þ± boc., later alls uss se„þ þ± boc was erased and

all± samenn þær written over the erasure.

612 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





& drihhtin spacc wiþþ Moysæn; Þær i þatt laþe wesste. 17422 & badd he shollde melltenn brass; & 3etenn himm a neddre. & berenn itt upp onn a‘n’ tre; 17425 17425

Biforenn hise lede. Þatt wha⸪se stungenn wære off hemm. Þurrh þa firene neddress; He shollde sone lokenn upp. O þatt brasene neddre. 17430

& þurrh þatt he sæ6e þær onn; He shollde takenn bote. & shollde wurrþenn hæ·ledd swa; Off þatt firene wunde. 7 & Moy·sæs all dide þa; 17435

Swa summ himm drihhtin tahhte. & a33 þan[n] ani3 wundedd wass. 17437 H17431

Þurrh þa firene neddress; He warrp hiss e6e sone anan. O þatt brasene neddre. 17440

& son se hËt sahh. he warrþ all hal; 17441 Off all þe neddress wunde. 7 All þiss wass don þurrh moysæn; Swa summ himm drihhtin tahhte. & itt bitacneþþ mikell þing; 17445

Þatt uss iss ned to cun·nenn. 7 Þa neddress þatt stungenn þe menn; Þe33 tacnenn alle sinness. Þatt stin·genn & þurrhwundenn all; Þatt bo·di3 & tatt sawle. 17450

Þatt lufeþþ a33. & 3er·neþþ a33. To foll6enn fule þæwess. & wiþþ bærnennde lufe & lusst; Doþ all hiss flæshess wille. 7 & þurrh þatt neddre upp o þe tre; 17455

Iss cristess dæþ bitacnedd.

17422 First written Swa sü þ± boc uss kiþe‚., later erased and current text written over the

erasure. 17425 Flat-foot n in dark grey ink added above t in tr±. 17437 þan[n]: MS þan. 17441 First written & son s± he‡ sahh & warrþ all /hal¶, later h & warrþ all was erased, the first

h of sahh altered to h, and . h± wa¥þ all written over the erasure.

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 613





Þatt na33ledd wass o rodetre; Forr all mann kinne nede. & cristess dæþ ma33 swiþe wel; Þurrh neddre ben bitacnedd. 17460

Forr dæþ comm upp onn all mann⸪kinn; Þurrh neddre & þurrh þe de·fell. & wha se takeþþ crisstenndom. O cristess name fullhtnedd. & foll6eþþ 3erne cristess sloþ. H17459 17465

Wiþþ all hiss fulle mahhte. & lokeþþ upp o cristess dæþ. Wiþþ fulle trowwþe o criste; He beþ hæledd þurrh cristess dæþ. Off alle sinness wundess. 17470

5iff þatt he ma33 endenn hiss lif; Inn alle gode dedess. & forrþi se33de iesu crist. Till nico·dem wiþþ worde. Þatt wha se trowwenn shall onn himm; 17475

Wel mu6e wurrþenn borr6enn. & tatt wass se33d alls iff he þuss; Wiþþ oþre wordess se33de. To þann shall manness su·ne ben. Forr menn o rode na33ledd; 17480

Þatt wha se trowwenn shall onn himm. Wel mu6e wurrþenn borr6enn. † & her spacc ure laferrd crist; Off hise twinne kindess. Off þatt he wass allmahhti3 godd; 17485

& mann off lif & sawle. Swa þatt he mihhte þolenn dæþ. & risenn upp off dæþe. & sti6enn upp till heff·ness ærd; Þurrh hiss goddcunnde mahhte. 17490

Wiþþ alle þa þatt sholldenn ben; Hiss bodi3 her onn erþe. |Þurrh þatt te33 sholldenn foll·6enn himm; fol. 110r, col. 384

& forþenn all hiss wille. 8 & godd allmahhti3 gife uss her. H17489 17495

To forþenn cris·tess wille. Swa þatt we mo·tenn foll6enn himm. Upp inn till heffness blisse.

614 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





AMæN!

xxvi. Secundum iohannem Sic deus dilexit mundum ut filium suum unigenitum daret—xxvi

7 urrh þatt te laferrd se33·de þuss. 17499 Till nicodem wiþþ worde. 17500

Swa lufede þe laferrd godd. Þe werelld. tatt he sennde. Hiss a6enn sune allmahhti3 godd. To wurrþenn mann onn erþe. To lesenn mann kinn þurrh hiss dæþ. 17505

Üt off þe de[f]less walde. 17506 Þatt wha se trowwenn shall onn himm. Wel mu6e wurr·þenn borr6enn; Þær þurrh he dide nicodem. To sen & tunn·derrstanndenn. 17510

Þatt he wass godd himm sellf off godd; & go·dess sune ankennedd. & wurr·þenn mann o moderr hallf. Þurrh soþfasst herrsummnesse. Þurrh – þatt hiss faderr haffde himm sennd. H17509 17515

& gifenn himm to manne. To þolenn dæþ o rodetre; Forr all mann kinne nede. All þurrh þatt lufe & þurrh þatt lusst. Þatt te33 till mann kinn haff·denn. 17520

Forþ wiþþ þatt hall6e frof·re gast. Þatt cumeþþ off hemm baþe; All þurrh þatt lufe & þurrh þatt lusst. Þatt te33 till mann kinn haffdenn. To lesenn menn off defless band. 17525

& üt off helle pine. Þatt wha se trowwenn shollde o crist; Wel shollde wurrþenn borr6enn.

xxvi Hand C wrote the gospel pericope of Homily xxvi at the bottom of folio 110r, column

380, in which column the exposition of Gospel xxvi begins. 17499 Large initial Þ over two lines; no guide letter. 17506 de[f]less: MS deffless.

Þ

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 615





7 hi se33de crist till nico·dem. 17529 Þatt drihhtin godd off heffne. 17530

Swa lufe·de þiss middell ærd. Þiss werelld. tatt he sennde. Hiss a6enn sune allmahhti3 godd. To þolenn dæþ o rode. Alls iff he shollde lesenn üt. 17535

Þe middell ærd off helle? Þurrh whatt wass heff·ness whel forrgarrt. To dre6enn helle pine? & lifft. & land. & waterrflod. Hu wæ·renn þe33 forrwrohhte. 17540

To dre6enn wa wiþþ mikell rihht. Inn helle wiþþ þe defell? Off þise fowwre shaffte iss all. Þiss middell werelld timmbredd. Off heffness whel. & off þe lifft. H17539 17545

Off wa·terr. & off erþe. & i þa fowwre shafftess niss; Noww·þerr – ne lif ne sawle. Þatt mihhte gilltenn ani3 gillt; & addlenn helle⸪pine. 17550

7 Nu birrþ uss wì·tenn þatt uss iss. Her þurrh þe werelld tacnedd. Summ shaffte |þatt wass all forrwrohht. fol. 110v, col. 385

To dre6enn helle⸪pine. 7 Þe werelld iss uss here sett. 17555

To tacnenn mann kinn ane. & forr þatt manness bodi3 iss. 17557 Off all þe werelld fe3edd. Off heffness fir. & off þe lifft. Off waterr. & off erþe. 17560 & forr þatt manness sawle iss her. 17561 Wel þurrh þe werelld tacnedd. Forr baþe fal·lenn inn till an; Affterr grickisshe spæche. Forr werelld iss nemm·nedd cossmós; 17565

17529 Large initial W over three lines; no guide letter. 17557 First written Nohht fo¥ $ /manness bodi¦ iss., later N erased, ohht deleted and & written

over the erasure. 17561 First written Acc forr $ /manness sawl± iss her., later Acc erased and & written over the

erasure.

W

616 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





Swa summ þe gric·kess kiþenn. Forr þatt itt ‘iss’ wur[r]êþélike shridd; 17567 Wiþþ sunne & mone. & sterrness. Onn heffness whel. all ummbetrin; Þurrh godd tatt swillc itt wrohhte. 17570

& ec itt iss wurrþ·like shridd. H17565

ê Ðéatt wa[s]t tu wel ‘to soþe’. 17572 O lifft. o land. o waterr flod; Wiþþ fele kinne shaffte. & sawle iss ec wurrþlike shridd; 17575

Þurrh godd inn hire kinde. Wiþþ unndæþshildi3·nesse. & ec; Wiþþ witt. & wille. & minde. & forrþi nemmneþþ drihhtin godd; Þe sawle hiss onnlicnesse. 17580

Forr þatt te33 baþe sawle. & godd; Sinndenn wiþþ utenn ende. & hafenn minde. & wille. & witt; Acc nohht onn ane wise. Forr godd itt hafeþþ ‘a33’ inn himm. 17585 17585

& æfre. & æfre itt haffde. & sawle onnfoþ att godess hannd; All hire duhhti3nesse. Þær þær he shapeþþ sawle off nohht; All alls himm sellfenn ‘likeþþ’. 17590 17590

& forrþi shall þe werelld her; Bitacnenn mann kinn ane. Forr baþe fallenn inn till an; Swa summ icc habbe shæwedd. Forr e33þerr iss wurrþlike shridd; 17595

Acc nohht onn ane wise. & tohh iss þe33re baþre shrud; Þurrh cossmós wel bitacnedd.

17567 wur[r]êþélike: First written wurrli- /k±, second r then overwritten to make þ, but with

serifs retained and with the descender retaining the point turning slightly back. The

second r was never restored. 17572 First written Tatt wa==t tu wel þ± /sellfe…., later T overwritten to form Ð, þ± /sellfe…

deleted and replaced by to soþ± written in margin. wa[s]t: MS wa==t. 17585 First written Forr godd itt hafe‚ i… hi† /sellf., later i… was erased, sellf deleted, ï written over the erasure and a¦¦ in balloon in space below hi† with guiding line indicating

point of insertion after hafe‚. 17590 First written All alls h± /wil± hï sellfe…., later h± /wil± deleted and like‚ added rising in

balloon in left (inner) margin with guiding line indicating point of insertion.

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 617





& forrþi mahht tu nemmnenn mann; Affterr grikkishe spæ·che. 17600

Mycrocossmos. þatt nemmnedd iss. H17595

Affterr ennglisshe spæche. Þe little werelld. all forrþi. Forr þatt te manness sawle. Iss shridd þurrh godd wurrþlike & wel. 17605

Wiþþ god. & wurrþfull kinde. All all swa summ þiss werelld iss. Wel shridd wiþþ scone shafftess. 7 & ec þe werelld tacnenn ma33; Mann kinn all þesste bettre. 17610

Þatt manness bodi3 fe3edd iss; & wrohht off fowwre shafftess. Off heffness fir. & off þe lifft. Off waterr. & off erþe. & forrþi shall þe werel[l]d her; 17616 17615

Bitac·nenn mann kinn ane. Þatt godess word wass sennd þurrh godd; To lesenn üt off helle. 7 off þe manness sune. & ec. 17619 Off godess sune. off baþe. 17620

Her se33de crist till nicodem. All an i þise wordess. Þatt wha se trowwenn shall onn himm; Wel mu6e wurrþenn borr6enn. & tatt wass se33d alls iff he þuss; 17625

Wiþþ openn spæche se33de. To þann comm icc off heffne dun. To wurrþenn mann onn erþe; Þatt wha se trowwenn shall o‘nn’ me. 17629 & mine la6ess haldenn. 17630

Wel mu6e ben wurrþi wiþþ me. H17625

To brukenn eche blisse. 7 Þiss se33de crist till nicodem. To don himm tunnderrstandenn. Þatt he wass baþe godd & mann; 17635

17616 werel[l]d: MS wereld. 17619 Large & over two lines; no guide letter. 17629 o‘nn’ me: first written o m±, later nn (flat-foot type) added to the left of o in the left

(outer) margin with caret at base line indicating point of insertion.

&

618 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





An had. tatt sholl·|de lesenn. fol. 110v, col. 386

Mannkinn off helle. & 3ifenn menn; To winnenn heffness blisse. 7 tatt te laferrd se33de þær. 17639 Till nicodem wiþþ worde. 17640

Þatt drihhtin godd ne sennde nohht. Hiss sune forr to demenn. Þiss werelld. acc to lesenn itt. Üt off þe defless walde; Þatt se33de he forr to don himm swa. 17645

To sen & tunnderr⸪stanndenn. Þatt he wass sennd to wurr·þenn mann. To lesenn menn off hel·le. êÞéurrh lufe. off himm·sellfenn ‘. & ec. 17649f. Þ’[att] off hiss faderr baþe. 17650

& off þatt hall6e frofre gast; Þatt cumeþþ off hemm baþe. Þurrh þatt he nass nohht cumenn þa. To demenn alle þede. Acc forr to berr6enn æddmodli3; 17655

Þe werelld þurrh hiss are. 7 tatt he þær till nicodem. 17657 H17651

5ët spacc þuss off himm sellfenn. & wha se lefeþþ upp onn himm. Þatt mann iss all unndemedd; 17660

Þatt wass alls iff he se33de þuss. Till himm wiþþ openn spæche. Þatt mann þatt trow·wenn shall onn me. & mine la·6ess haldenn;

17639 Large & over two lines; no guide letter. 17649f. These two verses were first written All þurrh soþ lufe. & off hï- /sellf. & off hiss fade¥ baþe. ‘All by means of true love, both from Himself and from His Father as well’. The

problem with this version is that the preposition off has been made to govern a nominative

sellf rather then an oblique case sellfenn. In his attempt to rectify this, Orrm deleted All, added ink to the downstroke of the þ of þurrh to make it pass as a bold initial, deleted soþ,

erased the punctus and & after luf±, erased the punctus and & after sellf, and added enn. & ec. Þu¥h vertically in the right (outer) margin with a guiding line indicating the point of

insertion. This would have resulted in the edited text “Þurrh lufe off himm·sellfenn. & ec.

Þurrh off hiss faderr baþe.”. The resulting sequence of two prepositions, “Þurrh off”, is

clearly an error. This problem has been solved by emending the added “Þurrh” to

“Þ[att]”. To complicate the picture, a later hand has restored the erased “&” before “off

hiss faderr baþe.”; this restoration has been ignored in the edited text. 17657 Large & over two lines; no guide letter.

&

&

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 619





Þatt illke mann ne beþ nohht demmd. 17665

To dre6enn helle pine. 8 tatt he þær till nicodem. 17667 5ët spacc þuss off himm sellfenn. & wha⸪se nile nohht onn himm. Wiþþ ful·le trowwþe lefenn. 17670 17670

Þatt mann iss nu33u demmd þurrh godd. To dre6enn helle pine; Þatt wass alls iff he se33de þuss. Till himm wiþþ openn spæ·che. Þatt mann þatt nohht ne shall onn me. 17675

Wiþþ fulle trowwþe lefenn. Acc shall þurrh modi3nesse. & niþ. Forrwerrpenn all mi‘n’ lare; 17678 Þatt mann iss nu33u demmd þurrh me. To dre6enn helle pine. 17680

Forr þurrh þatt tatt icc amm soþ godd. I ma33 full æþe cnawenn. All whillke shulenn cwemenn me. & addlenn heffness blisse; & whillke shulenn me forrsen. 17685

& addlenn helle pine. Off all þatt follc þatt fra þiss da33. H17681

Till do·mess da33 shall wurrþenn. Forr all þatt ‘follc þatt’ æfre wass. 17689 & all þatt 3ët shall wurrþenn. 17690

All iss itt nu33u demmd. & sett. O boc. & tald. & rimedd. Þurrh godd. & all he seþ nu33u; Whatt illc an mann shall findenn. Whatt mede illc an shall unnderrfon. 17695

Att godd forr hise dedess. Forr drihhtin hu þe dom shall gan; All wät. & æfre wisste. Forr godess e6e. & go·dess witt.

17667 Large & over two lines; no guide letter. 17670 Punctus first possibly written as punctus elevatus, with the upper part later scraped off

and a word separator added over the scrape. 17678 Flat-foot n in dark grey ink added after mi at end of line. 17689 First written Fo¥ all þatt æfr± wass. & /all $ ¦eœ, then follc þatt was placed after ¦eœ with guiding line indicating point of insertion. A continuation arrow after ¦eœ provides

the link to the next line.

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620 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





All seþ. all wat. all cnaweþþ. 17700

5a þatt tatt wass. 3a þatt tatt iss. 5a þatt tatt 3ët shall wurr·|þenn. fol. 111r, col. 387

& 3iff þu borr6enn best; tatt beþ. All þurrh drihhtiness are. & þurrh þatt tu þær affterr swannc; 17705

Wel wiþþ drihhtiness hellpe. & 3iff þu borr6enn nohht ne best; Þatt beþ all þurrh þi‘n’ sinne. 17708 & þurrh rihht dom þu best ta demmd; To dre6enn helle pine. 17710

All affterr þatt tin addlinng iss. Na lasse. ne na mare. 8 tatt he þær till nicodem. 17713 5et spacc þuss off himm sellfenn. & he þatt nohht ne shall onn himm. H17709 17715

Trowwenn iss nu3·3u demedd. Forr þi þatt he ne trowweþþ nohht. Swa summ himm birrde trowwenn. Upp o þatt name þatt iss sett. O godess su·ne onn erþe. 17720

Onn himm þatt iss off drihh·tin godd. Anke[n]nedd sune stre·nedd; 17722 Þatt wass alls iff he se33·de þuss. Till himm wiþþ openn spæ·che. Whatt mann se shall forr·werrpenn all. 17725

To lefenn & to trow·wenn. Þatt icc amm þurrh mi‘n’ fa·derr sennd. 17727 & sett hælennde onn erþe. & wha se shall þurrh he·te & niþ. & þurrh hiss modi3·nesse. 17730

Mi‘n’ name þwerrtüt all forrsen. 17731 Þatt nemmnedd iss hælennde. Þatt name þatt shall hælenn all. Þatt æfre shall ben hæledd. Þatt name þatt shall berr·6enn all. 17735

17708 Flat-foot n in dark grey ink added above the i of þi. 17713 Large & over two lines; no guide letter. 17722 Anke[n]nedd: MS Anke…nedd. 17727 Flat-foot n in dark grey ink added above the i of mi. 17731 Flat-foot n in dark grey ink added above the M of Mi with caret at baseline to indicate

point of insertion.

&

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 621





Þatt æfre shall ben borr·6enn. Þurrh me. þatt amm off drihhtin godd. Anken[n]edd sune strenedd. 17738 Þatt amm swa strenedd tatt icc amm. All an i goddcunndnesse. 17740

Wiþþ faderr. & wiþþ hali3 gast. Wiþþ·utenn ord & ende. Þatt cumenn amm to chesenn me. Well fèle breþ·re onn erþe. Þatt shulenn 3erne stanndenn inn. H17739 17745

To don mi‘n’ faderr wille. 17746 Swa þatt he shall hemm alle i·mæn. Haldenn forr hise chilldre. & 3ifenn hemm to ben wiþþ me. Arrf·name off heffness riche. 17750

Þatt amm ankennedd sune off himm. 17751 All an wiþþ himm i kinde; Whatt mann se shall forrwerrpenn þiss. To lefenn. & to trowwenn; Þatt mann iss nu33u demmd & sett. 17755

To dre6enn helle pine. Butt iff he mu·6e cumenn forþ. Ær þann he 3ife hiss ende. To lefenn þatt icc amm soþ godd. & soþ hælennde onn erþe. 17760

8 tatt he þær till nicodem. 17761 5ët spacc þuss off himm sellfenn. Þatt iss þe dom. þatt lihht & lem. Iss cumenn upp onn erþe. & menn ne lufenn nohht te lihht. 17765

Acc lufenn þessterrnesse. Forrþi þatt te33re dede iss all. Unngod. & all unnclene; Þatt wass alls iff he se33de þuss. Till |himm wiþþ oþre wordess. fol. 111r, col. 388 17770

17738 Anken[n]edd: MS An kenedd. 17746 Flat-foot n in dark grey ink added above the m of mi with caret at baseline to indicate

point of insertion. 17751 First written Î a† /nedd sun± off himm.; the error was presumably corrected after

the page was finished and there was no space for the missing an ken-. Instead, nedd sun± off himm. was erased and the current text was crowded in over the erasure. 17761 Large & over two lines; no guide letter.

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622 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





All þatt tatt ani3 mann shall ben. Demmd inn⸪till helle pine; All þatt shall ben forr þatt he shall. H17767

Forrho6enn & forrwerr·penn. To cumenn till þe crisstenndom. 17775

& till þe rihhte læfe. To cnawenn & to foll6enn me. & upp⸪onn me to lefenn. Þatt amm soþ lihht off soþ. & rihht. & off þe rihhte læfe. 17780

7 & forrþi shulen alle þa. Þatt sinndenn menn 3eha·tenn. Forr þatt te33 foll6enn þe33re flæsh. Inn alle fule lusstess. & all forr·werrpenn & forrsen. 17785

To don þe sawless wille. & hatenn all þatt godd iss lef; & lufenn alle unnþæwess. & lin i depe sinness a33. O fele kinne wise. 17790

Þatt sinndenn opennlike inoh. Þurrh þessterrnesse tacnedd[.] Forrþi þatt sinness dra·6enn a33. Till helless þessterrnesse. & frawarrd heffness lihht & lem. 17795

Þa sawless þatt hemm foll6enn; All swa summ he þatt ifell doþ. A33 fleþ fra da33ess leme. Forr himm iss laþ þatt mann himm se. Inn hise fule dedess; 17800

Forr þi shall all þatt laþe flocc. Ben demmd till hel·le pine. Forrþi þatt te33re lif iss all. H17797

êBéiêséett wiþþ þess·terrnesse. 17804 Inn all þatt ifell þatt mann doþ; 17805

Þurrh hæþenndom. & dwilde. 8 Biforenn þatt te laferrd crist.

17804 First written Si¥k, then B written over and incorporating S, right part of r plus k

erased, remainder of r joined to superscript r to form s, ett added with et over the erasure.

Did Orrm start writing Si¥kledd and then switch to its native English synonym Bisett? (All

this assuming that Orrm had the verb sirrklenn ‘encircle’, ‘surround’ from OFn cercler.)

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 623





Wass cumenn her to man·ne; Wass all þiss middell werelld full. Off sinness þessterrnesse. 17810

Forr þi þatt crist þe werrldess lihht; Nass nohht 3ët cumenn þanne. Forr to bigripenn all mannkinn; Off hæþenndom. & dwilde. & forr to shæ·wenn whatt wass god; 17815

& whatt wass ifell dede. & hu mann mihhte cwemenn godd; & addlenn heffness blisse. & stanndenn 3æn þe laþe gast; & all forr·bu6enn helle. 17820

7 & affterr þatt te laferrd crist. Wass cumenn her to manne; Þær affterr wass þiss mid·dell ærd. Off heffness leme filledd. Þurrh þatt te laferrd crist himm |sellf. fol. 111v, col. 389 17825

& hise lerninngcnihhtess. All whatt wass rihht. & whatt wass woh. Till alle þede kiddenn. & hu mann mihhte cwemenn godd; H17823

& addlenn heffness blisse. 17830

& fele þede modi⸪li3. 17831 Wiþþstodenn. & wiþþse33denn. & all forrwurrpenn heffness lihht; & hefennlike lare. Forrþi þatt hemm wass lef to ben. 17835

I þe33re þessterr·nesse. To foll6enn þe33re flæshess lus[s]t. 17837 Inn alle kinne sinne. & forr þatt hemm wass laþ þatt lihht; Þatt hemm bigrap off sinne. 17840

7 & sume þede tokenn wel; Wiþþ hefennlike lare. & turrn·denn till þe crisstenndom; & till þe rihhte læfe.

17831 modili3: first written modi- /li¦, later the hyphen fell victim to the extensive erasure

at the top of col. 390. The i before the hyphen has been scraped, but is presumably

original. 17837 lus[s]t: MS lu%.

624 HOMILY XXV/XXVI





Þatt iss þatt soþe lihht. & lem; 17845

Þatt ledeþþ menn till heffne. & tokenn till full innwarrdli3; Þurrh shriffte & þurrh dædbote. To wre·[3]enn all here a6enn woh. 17849 To wrekenn onn hemm sellfenn. 17850

Þatt te33 swa lannge inn hæþenndom. Soþ drihh·tin haffdenn wraþþedd. Annd swa þe33 comenn till þe lihht; Till all þe rihhte læfe. Off ure laferrd iesu crist; 17855

Þatt soþfasst·nesse iss nemmnedd. Forr all þatt æfre iss soþ. & rihht. & god & drihh·tin cweme. & berrhless till hiss han·dewerrc; H17853

All comm off cristess are. 17860

& swa þe33 comenn till þe lihht; To shæwenn & to kiþenn. Þatt te33re dede 3ede rihht; All affterr cristess bisne. Forr alle samenn didenn an; 17865

Crist sellf. & te33 hemm sell·fenn. Crist hemm bigrap off þe33·re woh; Þurrh rihhtwisnessess la·re. & te33 bigrìpenn þe33re woh; Þurrh sh[r]iffte. & þurrh dæd bote. 17870 17870

Swa þatt te33 alle didenn an; Crist sellf. & te33 hemm sellfenn. & swa þurrh þatt wass sene inoh; Þatt te33·re gode dede. Wass all i godd. & all þurrh godd. 17875

& þurrh hiss hellpe forþedd. & swa wass filledd ta þurrh hemm. I þe33re gode dede. êÞatté tatt te la·ferrd se33de þuss. 17879 Till nicodem wiþþ worde. 17880

& wha se foll6eþþ soþ & rihht.

17849 wre·[3]enn: MS wr±- /‰e…. 17870 sh[r]iffte: MS shifft±. 17879 First written Þatt tatt /t± laferrd þuss., later att tatt /t± laferrd was erased, a crossbar

was added to Þ to turn it into Î and ta™ t± la- /fe¥d se¦¦d± was written over the erasure.

HOMILY XXV/XXVI 625





Inn alle gode dedess; He cumeþþ gladdli3 to þe lihht. To shæwenn þatt hiss dede. Iss all i godd. & all þurrh godd. 17885

& þurrh hiss hellpe forþedd. 8 & godd allmahhti3 gife uss her. To cwemenn crist o life. Wiþþ clene þohht. wiþþ clene word. H17883

Wiþþ clene þæw & dede. 17890

Swa þatt we motenn wurrþi ben; To win·nenn cristess are. AMæN! | ffterr þe pasche messe da33. 17893f. fol. 111v, col. 390 For sone anan þe lauerd Inn till þe land off galile; 17895

Wiþþ hise lerninng⸪cnihhtess. & whær o lande summ he comm; He wrohhte mic·cle tacness. & talde spell a·mang þe follc; Off þe33re sawle nede. 17900

& off þatt miccle sellþe. & sel; Þatt enngle⸪þed inn heffne. Wiþþ godd. all þurrh þe 3ife off godd; A. butenn ende brukenn. & all hiss lare & all hiss lif; 17905

& all hiss hall6e dede. Droh till þatt an to turr·nenn follc; Inn till þe rihhte we33e. Till fulluhht. & till crisstenndom; & till þe rihhte læfe. 17910

xxvii. Secundum iohannem. xxvii

postea uenit iesus christus in iudeam terram & discipuli eius & illic morabatur & baptizabat

17893f. Large, elaborate bright green initial A over five lines; no guide letter. The current

text of the two verses following the initial was written by Hand C over extensive changes. xxvii The Latin incipit was written by Hand C in the space set aside for it to the right of

the narrow column running past the six-line initial.

A

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