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John Herczeg Deputy Assistant Secretary for Fuel Cycle Technologies Office of Nuclear Energy U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook Global 2015 French Section American Nuclear Society September 23, 2015

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Page 1: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook · France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related

John Herczeg Deputy Assistant Secretary for Fuel Cycle Technologies

Office of Nuclear Energy

U.S. Department of Energy

Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook

Global 2015 French Section American Nuclear Society

September 23, 2015

Page 2: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook · France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related

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Focus Areas of DOE Fuel Cycle Technologies

Enrichment & Fuel

Fabrication

Reactors Recycle Interim Storage

Final Disposal

Advanced Reactors

Light Water Reactors

Other Advanced Techniques

Conventional Mining Conventional LWR

Fuel Fabrication

LLW Disposal Advanced Reactor Fuel

Geologic Repository

Interim Storage Seawater

Extraction LWR Fuel with Improved Accident

Tolerance

Advanced Reactor Recycle

Product Waste Forms

LWR Recycle

Uranium Supply

SFANS September 23, 2015

Safeguards and Security by Design

Page 3: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook · France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related

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Fuel Cycle Research & Development Program

NE

FCR&D

Conduct R&D on advanced sustainable fuel cycle technologies that have the potential to improve resource utilization and energy generation, reduce waste generation, enhance safety, and limit proliferation risk;

Conduct generic research and development and generic non-R&D activities related to used nuclear fuel, nuclear waste management and disposal issues;

Lay the ground work and planning for the implementation of the Administration’s strategy on the management of used nuclear fuel and high-level waste.

The program employs a long-term, science-based approach to foster innovative, transformational technology solutions to achieve this mission. Advancements in fuel cycle technologies and solutions support the enhanced availability, affordability, safety, and security of nuclear-generated electricity in the U.S.

September 23, 2015 SFANS

Page 4: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook · France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related

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Fuel Cycle Research & Development FY 2016 Budget Request

Subprogram

(dollars in thousands)

FY 2015 Enacted

FY 2016

Request House Mark Senate Mark

Material Recovery & Waste Form Development 35,300 35,300 35,300 34,800

Advanced Fuels 60,100 48,700 60,100 60,100

Systems Analysis and Integration 16,900 11,200 11,200 11,100

MPACT 7,600 8,600 8,600 8,500

Fuel Resources 5,600 5,600 5,600 5,500

Used Nuclear Fuel Disposition

Research & Development 49,000 75,360 55,000 64,000

Integrated Waste Mgmt. System 22,500 30,000 0 30,000

DOE-Managed HLW & SNF -- 3,000 0 3,000

Total 197,000 217,760 175,800 217,000

September 23, 2015 SFANS

Page 5: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook · France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related

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Partnerships Play and Important Role in Fuel Cycle R&D

National Laboratories

• INL – fuels*, material recovery and waste form development*, program assessment and coordination*, fuel cycle options*

• ORNL – fuel resources*, fuels, material recovery and waste form development, fuel cycle options • SNL – used nuclear fuel R&D* • LANL – MPACT*, fuels • PNNL – material recovery and waste form development, fuels • ANL – material recovery and waste form development, fuel cycle options • Others – SRNL, BNL, LLNL, LBNL

Industry • Advisory and Assistance Services, Task Order Contracts • Accident Tolerant Fuel Development • High Burnup Dry Storage Demonstration

Universities • NEUP – Numerous

International Partnerships • China, France, Japan, Russia (suspended), ROK, UK, Euratom, OECD/NEA, IAEA • NEA Nuclear Science Committee: Expert Group on Multi-scale Benchmark, Evaluation &Validation and

Related “Nuclear Energy Knowledge and Validation Center" at INL

Regulator • Inter-Agency Agreement with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission

* Lead laboratories noted with asterisks. SFANS September 23, 2015

Page 6: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook · France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related

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FY 2015 Nuclear Energy University Programs (NEUP)

• ~$700,000 each for 18 program-supporting awards.

– 8 MRWFD, 4 Advanced Fuels, 2 MPACT, 4 Fuel Resources.

• ~$11,000,000 for 4 IRPs supporting the Advanced Fuels (2) and Used Nuclear Fuel Disposition R&D (2).

– Computational and experimental benchmarking for transient fuel testing (Adv Fuels)

– Development of ATF Options for near term applications (Adv Fuels) – Innovative approach to SCC inspection and evaluation of canister in dry

storage (UNFD R&D) – Multimodal nondestructive dry cask basket structure and spent fuel

evaluation (UNFD R&D)

20 percent of R&D funding is invested in NEUP: Infrastructure, R&D, Integrated Research Projects (IRPs).

In FY 2015, FCR&D funded 18 R&D awards and 4 IRPs.

Members actively engaged in training/mentoring of undergraduate students from different U.S. DOE programs.

September 23, 2015 SFANS

Page 7: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook · France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related

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Material Recovery and Waste Form Development (MRWFD)

SFANS

MRWFD’s mission is to develop advanced material recovery as well as advanced waste form development technologies that improve current fuel cycle performance and enable a sustainable fuel cycle, with minimal processing, waste generation, and potential for material diversion.

Off-Gas Capture and Immobilization

Management of process off-gasses (I-129, H-3, Kr-85, and C-14) to meet U.S. regulatory constraints

Waste Management

Waste forms and processes need to be developed as an integral part of material recovery technology development. As advanced recycling processes are developed, unique waste streams arise that must be managed in a safe, environmentally responsible and cost effective way.

STAAR Sigma Team for Advanced

Actinides Recycling

Off-gas Management

FR Fuel Separations

Waste Forms & Processes

Present Future

Fundamental Understanding

Cost Effective and Appropriate

for Industry Deployment

Material Recovery

Open/Closed Fuel Cycles

Environmental

National Security

September 23, 2015

Page 8: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook · France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related

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Release of Evaluation and Screening Final Report

The Evaluation and Screening (E&S) study report was released by the DOE-NE Fuel Cycle Options Campaign in October 2014

• E&S report provides information about the potential benefits and challenges of nuclear fuel cycle options

• Provides useful information to strengthen the basis of DOE-NE R&D programs

Report is comprised of the Main Report and Appendices A-H that provide more details on approach, results, and participants

https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/nuclear_science_and_technology/337/nuclear_fuel_cycle_evaluation_and_screening_final_report

September 23, 2015 SFANS

Page 9: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook · France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related

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Advanced Fuels

September 23, 2015 SFANS

Page 10: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook · France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related

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Feasibility studies on advanced fuel and clad concepts -- bench-scale fabrication -- irradiation tests -- steam reactions -- mechanical properties -- furnace tests -- modeling

Workshops

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Assessment of new concepts -- impact on economics -- impact on fuel cycle -- impact on operations -- impact on safety envelope -- environmental impact

Fuel Selection/Prioritization

Steady State Tests

Transient Irradiation Tests

LOCA/Furnace Tests

Fuel Performance Code

Fuel Safety Basis

LTA/LTR Ready

Phase 1 Feasibility

Phase 2 Development/Qualification

Phase 3 Commercialization

2022

RD&D Strategy For Enhanced Accident Tolerant Fuels – 10 Year Goal

Industry led projects (Phase 1a) Industry led projects (Phase 1b)

Industry led project(s) (Phase 2)

September 23, 2015 SFANS

Page 11: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook · France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related

Increased Interest Globally in Accident Tolerant Fuels

France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related to ATF, with joint development of attributes and metrics and coordination of facilities.

• CEA pursues ATF R&D through a tri-party agreement with AREVA and EDF.

Japan • Definition of attributes and metrics • Coordination of technology research and development

• Coordination of facilities used for R&D

China • Attributes and metrics • Information exchange on R&D facilities

Russian Federation (currently on hold) • Advanced LWR fuels and ATF • Exchange of attributes and metrics

Others • OECD/NEA Expert Group • IAEA Expert Group

European Union • 2 New INERI projects • Horizon 2020

UK • Bilateral activities currently under discussion

(active partners in ATF FOAs and IRPs)

8 September 23, 2015 SFANS

Page 12: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook · France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related

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DOE’s Spent Fuel and High-Level Waste Management

2012 – Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s Nuclear Future Chartered to recommend a new strategy for managing the back

end of the nuclear fuel cycle 2013 – Administration’s Strategy for the Management and Disposal of Used Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste

Endorsed key principles underpinning the Blue Ribbon Commission’s recommendations

2015 – Presidential Memorandum Related to Disposal of Defense High- Level Radioactive Waste

DOE announced a path forward for defense waste, and a parallel path for storage and disposal of commercial spent fuel

September 23, 2015 SFANS

Page 13: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook · France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related

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Key Elements of Administration Strategy January 2013

September 23, 2015 SFANS

Page 14: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook · France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related

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Announcement of Parallel Path Forward in Waste Management

On March 24, President Obama authorized the Energy Department to move forward with planning for a separate repository for high-level radioactive waste resulting from atomic energy defense activities.

In remarks before the Bipartisan Policy Center, Secretary Moniz discussed this path forward for defense waste as well as a parallel path for storage and disposal of commercial spent fuel, consistent with the Administration’s January 2013 Strategy for the Management and Disposal of Used Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste, which built upon the work of the bipartisan Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s Nuclear Future completed in January 2012. Secretary Moniz announced three specific actions that the Department will undertake –

• Planning for a defense-only repository • Moving forward with planning for interim storage of commercial spent

fuel • Moving forward with a consent-based siting process for both types of

facilities

September 23, 2015 SFANS

Page 15: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook · France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related

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Areas of Focus Used Nuclear Fuel Disposition Programs

Used Nuclear Fuel Disposition R&D Campaign – Identify alternatives and

conduct scientific research and technology development to enable storage, transportation and disposal of used nuclear fuel and wastes generated by existing and future nuclear fuel cycles.

Nuclear Fuels Storage and Transportation Planning Project – Lay the groundwork for implementing interim storage, including associated transportation, per the Administration’s Strategy for the Management and Disposal of Used Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste, and develop a foundation for a new nuclear waste management organization.

September 23, 2015 SFANS

Page 16: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook · France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related

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Deep Borehole Field Test

• Demonstrate the scientific feasibility of deep boreholes • Demonstrate safe processes and operations for safe waste

emplacement downhole

Confirm the safety, capacity, and feasibility of the deep borehole disposal concept for the long-term isolation of nuclear waste

September 23, 2015 SFANS

Page 17: U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D Outlook · France • Currently defining bilateral activities with specific agreement to support international activities related

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Conclusions

The Office of Fuel Cycle Technologies is developing technology options that support a sustainable nuclear future. • Balanced portfolio of near-term and long-term applications of technology • Seeking innovation from laboratories and universities and technology

applications in partnership with industry • Leveraging limited resources through international collaboration

The Department of Energy is also committed to moving forward with

development of management strategies and technologies for the storage and disposal of used nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste.

September 23, 2015 SFANS