The Cold WarUS History

What You Need to Know Explain the significance of 1957. Describe US responses to Soviet aggression after WWII,

including the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the Berlin airlift.

Analyze the conflict in Korea and describe their domestic and international effects.

Describe the impact of the GI Bill, the election of 1948, McCarthyism, and Sputnik I.

Analyze the reasons for Western victory in the Cold War and the challenges of changing relationships among nations

Describe the impact of the Cold War on the business cycle and defense spending.

What is the Cold War?

•Economic, political, philosophical tensions and differences between Soviet Union vs. United States•Competition for global power and influence•Threat for all-out war present•Produced hysteria in America

The End of World War II

EUROPE

The Potsdam Conference (July 1945) French, British,

Russians, and Americans divide Germany into four zones of occupation

All agree to jointly administer Berlin

Eliminate Nazi party Rebuild German

industry

JAPAN

United States occupies Japan from 1945-1952 Help to rebuild industry Establish democratic

government Abolished army and

navy

Other Post-WWII Actions

War Crimes Trials Europe: The Nuremberg Trials—12

sentenced to death Japan: The Tokyo Trials—7 sentenced to

death (including Hideki Tojo) Establishment of the United Nations

International organization for world peace Founding of Israel

Many Jewish people move to Palestine to establish homeland (Zionism)

Soviet Union Expansion

During WWII, the Soviet Union expanded Baltic States Poland Romania

Determined to keep influence in Eastern Europe Satellite Nations—nations under

Soviet Control

American Response to Soviet Expansion Strengthen control of Western

Germany Revived industry

Called Soviet control “Iron Curtain” Developed a policy of containment

Restrict Soviet expansion

Why would the Allies want to limit Soviet Expansion around the world?

Atomic Weapons

US used atomic bombs during WWII After WWII, Soviet Union began to

develop own atomic technology Terrifying—fear of nuclear war Americans develop even more powerful

bombs

Soviets test their first atomic bomb in 1949

The Truman Doctrine

“It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation (conquest) by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” Civil War in Greece between monarchy

and communists US Congress approves $400 million to

aid Greece and Turkey Containment

The Marshall Plan

Give money to aid in the economic reconstruction of Western Europe $17 billion in aid given Containment!

Set precedent of extending economic aid abroad after tragedies/natural disasters

The Marshall Plan

What is the meaning of this cartoon?

The Berlin Airlift (1)

Western Germany—United States, France, Great Britain

Eastern Germany—Soviet Union

Berlin—divided by all 4

The Berlin Airlift (2)

In June 1948, Britain, France, and US announce plans to combine their zones and create a West German government Strengthened by Marshall Plan

Soviet Union does not like this! June 24, 1948—Blocked all roads, canals,

and railways linking Berlin to Western Germany▪ No food, fuel, supplies

The Berlin Airlift (3)

Western Leaders respond to blocked roads by delivering supplies by airplane Embarrassed the Soviet Union

Germany remains divided for 40 years!

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Military Alliance of 9 Western European

nations, US, Canada, and Iceland Each pledged to defend the others in case of

attack Soviet Union creates the Warsaw Pact

Military alliance with other communist nations in Eastern Europe

Fill out handout from map on page 570—NATO, Warsaw Pact, non-aligned