us response to and entry into wwi. initial response tradition of isolation tradition of isolation...
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US Response to and US Response to and Entry into WWIEntry into WWI
Initial ResponseInitial Response
Tradition of Tradition of isolationisolation
Protect TradeProtect Trade European RootsEuropean Roots 1916 Reelection 1916 Reelection
Campaign Campaign SloganSlogan– “ “He Kept Us Out He Kept Us Out
of War”of War”
The Mexico IssueThe Mexico Issue US good trade partners with MexicoUS good trade partners with Mexico Mexican Revolution, Gov’t overthrownMexican Revolution, Gov’t overthrown ““Watchful waiting”Watchful waiting” US Marines arrested. . . We take US Marines arrested. . . We take
VeracruzVeracruz One rebel, Pancho Villa, raids US. . . One rebel, Pancho Villa, raids US. . . We lead Punitive ExpeditionWe lead Punitive Expedition Final outcome. . . Mexico looksFinal outcome. . . Mexico looks across the Atlantic for alliesacross the Atlantic for allies
Slow War in EuropeSlow War in Europe
Two Fronts Two Fronts – (West: G vs F and East: G vs R)(West: G vs F and East: G vs R)
Stalemate b/c Trench WarfareStalemate b/c Trench Warfare US is US is concernedconcerned
Kaiser Wilhelm IIKaiser Wilhelm II
What would you do?What would you do?
NOTICE!TRAVELLERS intending to embark on the Atlantic
voyage are reminded that a state of war exists between Germany and her allies and Great Britain
and her allies; that the zone of war includes the waters adjacent to the British Isles; that, in accordance with formal notice given by the
Imperial German Government, vessels flying the flag of Great Britain, or any of her allies, are liable to destruction in those waters and that travelers
sailing in the war zone on the ships of Great Britain or her allies do so at their own risk.
IMPERIAL GERMAN EMBASSY,Washington, D.C. April 22, 1915
Unrestricted Submarine Unrestricted Submarine WarfareWarfare
German U-boats vs German U-boats vs ANY military or ANY military or civilian (merchant) civilian (merchant) shipship
Breaks international Breaks international lawlaw
HMS LusitaniaHMS Lusitania sunk: sunk: 128 Americans killed128 Americans killed
““America was too America was too proud to fight”proud to fight”
US is US is concernedconcerned
U-boat
HMS Lusitania
Sussex PledgeSussex Pledge
Germany Germany – Still went after passenger ships w/o Still went after passenger ships w/o
warningwarning US threaten to cut off relations w. US threaten to cut off relations w.
Germ.Germ. Sussex PledgeSussex Pledge
– U Boats warn ships before attackingU Boats warn ships before attacking US gives the Allies a huge loanUS gives the Allies a huge loan
– What does this mean?What does this mean?
Tensions with RussiaTensions with Russia Desire to overthrow Tsar Nicholas IIDesire to overthrow Tsar Nicholas II Czar is overthrown by Bolsheviks Czar is overthrown by Bolsheviks
(Commies)(Commies) Vladimir Lenin, Joseph StalinVladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin Russia makes peace with Central Russia makes peace with Central
PowersPowers US is US is concernedconcerned
Lenin
Tsar Nicholas
RevolutionRevolution
Why would the US worry now?Why would the US worry now? Russia 1917Russia 1917
– GETTING CRUSHED!!!!!!!GETTING CRUSHED!!!!!!!– 1.8 Million dead, 2.4 Mil. POWs, 2.8 mil 1.8 Million dead, 2.4 Mil. POWs, 2.8 mil
sick or wounded sick or wounded – No food or supplies No food or supplies – March 1917 Tsar is outMarch 1917 Tsar is out
April 6, 1917April 6, 1917– US declares warUS declares war
Preparation and PeacePreparation and Peace
GB urged US to prepareGB urged US to prepare– To help aid: supplies or troopsTo help aid: supplies or troops
1914: Patriotic Education1914: Patriotic Education 1915: Gov’t setup camps to train1915: Gov’t setup camps to train 1916: Congress ok’d an increase in 1916: Congress ok’d an increase in
armed forces armed forces PeacePeace
– Progressives, women, CongressProgressives, women, Congress
Election of 1916Election of 1916
““He kept us out of war”He kept us out of war” Wilson won a close raceWilson won a close race Germany tested WilsonGermany tested Wilson
– Broke Sussex PledgeBroke Sussex Pledge
Zimmerman TelegramZimmerman Telegram
ToTo: Mex Gov’t: Mex Gov’t FromFrom: German : German
Foreign Minister Foreign Minister Arthur ZimmermanArthur Zimmerman
DateDate: Feb 1917: Feb 1917 ReferenceReference: Mexico : Mexico
helping the Central helping the Central Powers in return for Powers in return for lost landslost lands
US is US is VERY VERY concernedconcerned
Moral Moral DiplomacyDiplomacy
(WWI) 1917 to (WWI) 1917 to todaytoday
US has a US has a responsibility to responsibility to “make the “make the world safe for world safe for democracy”democracy”
War DeclaredWar Declared““The world must be made safe for democracyThe world must be made safe for democracy. . Its
peace must be planted upon the tested foundations of political liberty. We have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no dominion. We seek no indemnities for ourselves, no material compensation for the sacrifices we shall freely make. We are but one of the champions of the rights of mankind. We shall be satisfied when those rights have been made as secure as the faith and the freedom of nations can make them.”
April 6, 1917