US RESPONSES TO EUROPEAN AGGRESSION

QUIZ TIME : What is

• A foreign policy dedicated to withdrawing from international affairs called ?

Isolationism

A foreign policy dedicated to withdrawing from

international affairs

QUIZ TIME : What was

• The series of federal laws (1935-1939) made in response to growing military aggression in Europe called ?

Neutrality Acts

• Series of federal laws (1935-1939) made in response to growing military aggression in Europe

• Outlawed ARMS sales , loans & transport to nations at war– only non-military goods could be sold to warring

nations

• Reflected America’s support of isolationism• Neutrality gradually abandoned as WWII

worsened

QUIZ TIME : What is the word that in diplomatic language means…

• Warring nations ?

Belligerents

Warring nations

QUIZ TIME : What is the phrase that means ….

• Prohibition on the trade of weapons ?

Arms embargo

Forbids the trade of weapons

QUIZ TIME: What did

• the Neutrality Act of 1935 require?

Neutrality Act of 1935

• Arms Embargo on belligerents – Prohibited the US from selling weapons

to warring nations

• Warned Americans that travel on ships of warring nations was at their own risk

QUIZ TIME: What did

• the Neutrality Act of 1936 require ?

Neutrality Act of 1936

• Prohibited American businesses from making loans or giving credit for supplies to any nation at war

QUIZ TIME : What was …

• The negative effects of the Neutrality Acts of 1935 & 1936 ?

The Effect of: The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936

• Prevented the US government to stop Fascist aggression in Europe – Ethiopia : Prevented U.S. from giving military

aid to Ethiopia to defend themselves against the attack by fascist Italy

– Spain : Prevented U.S. from giving military aid to Spain’s government to defend itself from fascist rebels led by Franco

QUIZ TIME: What was the name of the policy that

• FDR convinced Congress to pass that would revise the Neutrality Acts to remove the ban on sales to nations at war & enable the US to help Great Britain against Axis aggression ?

Cash and Carry Policy

• FDR convinced Congress to revise the Neutrality Acts to remove the ban on sales to nations at war

• Congress allowed warring nations to buy goods from the US if they – paid cash for the goods and

– carried the supplies in their own ships

1937 : “Quarantine Speech”

• FDR requests action against aggressor nations– Inspired most directly by Japan’s aggression

ag. China

• Resulted in a wave of protest by isolationists

Neutrality Act of 1937

• Established the cash and carry policy for selling non military goods to warring nations

• Prohibited Americans from traveling on the ships of warring nations

Neutrality Acts 1935, 1936, and 1937

• abandonment of the traditional policy of freedom of the seas

• a decline in the navy and other armed forces• making no distinction whatever between

aggressors and victims• spurring aggressors along their path of

conquest

QUIZ TIME : What was the name of the act that …

• Allowed warring nations to buy military supplies from the US on a cash and carry basis but …

• forbid US ships from entering war zones

• ??????????????????

Neutrality Act of 1939

• Allowed warring nations to buy military supplies from the US on a cash and carry basis but …

• forbid US ships from entering war zones

QUIZ TIME: What was the name of the battle ….

• That involved …Repeated German air attacks on British cities

• In which…British resistance caused Hitler to abandon invasion plan and proceed prematurely with the invasion of the Soviet Union

• That W. Churchill called ….Britain’s “finest hour”

??????????????????????????????????

1940-41 : Battle of Britain

• Repeated German air attacks on British cities

• British resistance caused Hitler to abandon invasion plan and proceed prematurely with the invasion of the Soviet Union

• Britain’s “finest hour” – W. Churchill

QUIZ TIME: Who was

• British Prime Minister during WWII ??????

Winston Churchill

• British Prime Minister during WWII

• Influential relationship with FDR– persuaded FDR to abandon neutrality

• Go BACK to Isolationist v. Intervention POWER POINT NOTES

• To From Neutrality to Intervention slide

QUIZ TIME: What…

• did FDR do in 1940 in an attempt to provide arms to Great Britain that heated up the debate between Isolationists and Interventionists?

1940 : Destroyers for Bases Deal

• Involved the US giving Britain 50 destroyers in exchange for the right to construct

bases in British possessions in the Western Hemisphere

• Heated up the debate between Isolationists and Interventionists (those who wanted the US to help the Allies)

• Was FDR’s attempt to provide arms to Great Britain

QUIZ TIME: What first time action

• Did Congress take in response to the fall of France in 1940 that illustrates growing concern in the U.S. regarding European aggression ?

1940 : Draft Law passed

• First peacetime draft in US History

– One year limit

QUIZ TIME: What was …

• Unique about the 1940 presidential election ????????

1940: Presidential Election

• Was the first President in US History to win a third presidential term

• Promised to not get the US involved in WWII

• Was the Democratic Candidate for President

(1951: 22nd Amendment – 2 term limit established)

QUIZ TIME: What was…

• the act called that was proposed by FDR as a way to provide supplies to Great Britain without Britain paying cash

• And that FDR compared to the idea of lending a garden hose to a neighbor whose house was on fire by FDR

• And that Made the US an open ally of Great Britain ???????????????????????????

1941: The Lend Lease Act • Was proposed by FDR as a way to provide

supplies to Great Britain without Britain paying cash– Britain couldn’t meet the cash and carry requirements– U.S. government could lease or lend weapons to

nations “pivotal to the defense of the United States”• Was compared to the idea of lending a garden

hose to a neighbor whose house was on fire by FDR

• Made the US an open ally of Great Britain– “the great arsenal of democracy”

QUIZ TIME: What was…

• The name of the secret agreement between FDR and Churchill outlining the principles for which the war was being fought and the goals of the Allies

• FDR pledged full assistance to the Allies but could not declare war

• Charter signed by 26 other nations ?????????

1941: The Atlantic Charter

• secret agreement between FDR and Churchill

• outlining the principles for which the war was being fought and the goals of the Allies – Destruction of Nazi tyranny – Create a new world order (peace ,freedom)

• FDR pledged full assistance to the Allies but could not declare war

• Charter signed by 26 other nations

1941: Armed Neutrality

• FDR issued the “shoot on sight” policy

• Congress allowed the arming of United States merchant vessels

By September , 1941

• US at war with Germany in the Atlantic Ocean

• 1st Presidential War

– An undeclared War

– Entered into by the Chief executive without the required congressional declaration of war by the Constitution

• From 1925 to 1940 the transition of American policy on arms sales to warring nations was – embargo – cash-and-carry – lend-lease

Actions by the US that weakened US neutrality included

• The Lend Lease Act

• The Atlantic Charter

• Roosevelt’s order to shoot Axis warships in the American Convoy Zone

• Isolationist v. Interventionist Debate – Page 758