Wine Industry An overview of the industry; from history, to laws, market and

investor outlooks in the U.S.

Page Title: Page Numbers:

History of Wine in the U.S.

5

U.S. Profile 9

Federal Laws & Regulations

16

State Regulations 30

Trading Landscape 46

Consumer Profile 57

Wine Varieties in the U.S. 64

Pricing 93

Page Title: Page Numbers:

Company Profile 101

Top 5 Wine Producing States

109

Wine Regions 132

California Wine Regions 191

Market Overview 219

Investor Outlook 235

Future Potential 250

Work Cited 256

Wine Regions: Wine regions that make up the U.S. wine industry.

Regions:American Viticulture Areas

(AVA)- The US has 214 wine viticulture regions that

are restricted by geographical and political boundaries

In the US, at least 75% of the grapes used to make the wine must have been grown in the labeled AVA

Augusta (AVA)-

The oldest AVA in the U.S. founded in 1980

It’s centered around the city of Augusta, Missouri

Upper Mississippi River Valley (AVA)-

The largest AVA in the US

The UMRV AVA stretches across four states covering 29,914 square miles

Cole Ranch (AVA)-

The smallest AVA in the US

The Cole Ranch AVA only has 189 acres with 55 – 60 used for vineyards

Regions:Washington Wine-

Known as Washington Wine Country

Big vineyards and small wineries are the trend for this state

In 2013 the total economic impact for the state was $4.8 billion

The state focuses mainly on the production of premium wine- wines sold for $8 and higher

Washington wines are found in all 50 states and in more than 40 countries

West Coast Region

Regions:Washington Wine- AVAs

Columbia Valley Largest AVA in the state and encompasses 5

other AVAs

Yakima Valley Over a 1/3 of the state's grape vines are

planted in Yakima Valley and has more wineries than the rest of Columbia Valley

Red Mountain Produces some of the state's most

prestigious wines made from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, and Merlot

Puget Sound Covers 5.5 million acres and is the only wine

region on the western side of the Cascade mountain range

Snipes Mountain The region has some of the oldest

Cabernet Sauvignon vines in the state

Horse Heaven Hills This region is home to around 20% of

the state’s vineyards

Wahluke Slope This area is one of Washington's high-

production areas

Lake Chelan There is experimentation for growing

over 20 different grape varieties in this newer growing region

West Coast Region

Regions:Oregon Wine-

Oregon is best known for its robust Pinot Noir

Oregon produces more than 30 wine varietals

Quality over quantity- Oregon's wine industry prides itself in select, limited editions of finely crafted vintages

West Coast Region

Pinot Noir51%

Pinot Gris8%

Chardonnay4%

Riesling2%

Other35%

Planted Vineyards:

Compiled from authors at www.wine-searcher.com

Regions:Oregon Wine- AVAs

Willamette Valley Contains 70% of the state’s planted

vineyard acreage, produces 74% of the state’s wine, and 88% of state’s Pinot noir

Dundee Hills In 1979, a Dundee Hills Pinot Noir beat

out wines from Burgundy to win 2nd place at the Gault-Millau French Wine Olympiads

Chehalem Mountains Pinot Noir produced from this region

display savory, earthy flavors, dark fruits and hints of dark chocolate that can produce a variety of styles

Yamhill-Carlton District The soil filled with marine sediments and

covered in sandy loam, are among the oldest soil in the Willamette Valley

McMinnville The soil is more marine-influenced than

much of the rest of the Willamette Valley

Eola-Amity Hills There are over 2,850 acres under vine

and 30 commercial wineries

Southern Oregon Produces the broadest variety of wines in

Oregon

West Coast Region

Regions: Oregon & Washington- AVAs

Columbia Gorge 95% of the wineries in the Columbia Gorge are boutique wineries

Walla Walla Valley- Oregon Side Boutique and quality-conscious wine producers are abundant in this area

Walla Walla Valley- Washington Side Only 5% of the state’s grapes grow here but this region is home to some of

the state’s top wineries

West Coast Region

Regions: Colorado Wine-

Colorado's vineyards are among the highest in the world, can reach altitudes of 7,000 ft

Colorado produces wine with vibrant, intense colors and aromas

The has around 100 wineries

Colorado AVAs

Grand Valley This region’s vineyards produce

more than 75% of the wine made in Colorado

West Elks The growing season in this region

is too short to support some grape varieties, but the aromatic white varieties thrive

Rocky Mountain Range Region

Regions:Texas Wine-

The finest vineyards are generally found within the North-Central region

Over 1.6 million visitors come to Texas wineries spending $466.1 million

The Texas wine industry provides over 11,000 full time jobs paying $417 million in wages

Texas AVAs:

Texas Hill Country 2nd largest AVA in the U.S.

Bell Mountain Very little Bell Mountain wine is widely

distributed, with even less making it onto international markets

Fredericksburg Very small quantities of Fredericksburg in the

Texas Hill Country wine is ever seen outside the state

High Plains Despite the low production levels, High Plains

wines are becoming more recognizable

Texas Davis Mountains The only producer making wines in the

appellation is the Pleasant Hill Winery

Southwestern United States

Region

Regions: New Mexico Wine-

The key varieties used to make wine in New Mexico are Syrah, Viognier, Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling and the ubiquitous Zinfandel

Due to climatic and environmental limitations New Mexico has not yet developed into a widely recognized source of quality wines

Around 40 state wineries operate today making wines from both vinifera varieties and hybrids

Chardonnay-Piont Noir22%

Champagne Blend21%

Pinot Noir20%

Chardonnay14%

Chenin Blanc7%

Rare Red Blend2%

Rare White Blend1%

Other14%

Planted Vineyards:

Southwestern United States

Region

Complied by author from source at www.wine-searcher.com

Regions: New Mexico Wine-AVAs

New Mexico AVAs

Middle Rio Grande Valley Production quantities are limited

and very little is distributed outside of the state

Mimbres Valley This is the largest AVA in the state

and covers 636,000 acres but only 2,000 acres is under vine

Texas and New Mexico AVA

Mesilla Valley Vineyards cover less than 50

acres of the 280,000 acres in this AVA, so Mesilla Valley wine is rarely found outside of the region

Southwestern United States

Region

Regions:Missouri Wine-

German migrants from the 1830s have heavily influenced the wine industry in the state

Experimenting with new grape varieties

Missouri AVAs:

Augusta This AVA is dominated by 14 small

boutique wineries

Hermann This area produces about ⅓ of the

state’s total wine production

Ozark Highlands This region is traditionally known

better for producing wines made from fruit other than grapes

Ozark Mountain The 6th largest AVA in the U.S. and

covers three states: Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma

Midwestern United States Region

Regions:Indiana Wine-

Indiana was home to some of the first large-scale vineyards in the U.S.

The state is now home to around 30 wineries with more than 500 acers under vine

Due to the climate and soil, Indiana is mainly planted with hybrid grape varieties with those that are less susceptible disease and the humid climate

Indiana Uplands AVA:

It is home to around 20 wineries, 19 vineyards, and over 240 wines

Midwestern United States Region

Regions: Michigan Wine-

Michigan is the fourth-largest grape-growing state with more than 13,500 acres of vineyards

Michigan wines are typically "cool climate" wines resulting in clean, crisp, balanced wines that exhibit real varietal character

The wine industry contributes $300 million annually to Michigan's economy

Michigan AVAs:

Fennville Due to the obscurity of the AVA, most

wines are labeled under the larger Lake Michigan Shore AVA

Lake Michigan Shore This AVA is home to more than 90% of

Michigan's vineyards and produces more than ½ of the state's wine

Leelanau Peninsula AVA: Leelanau is one of the few wine regions

that produces ice wine

Great Lakes Region

Regions:Ohio & New York Wine-

Ohio Wine:

Vineyards are traditionally for the production of grape juice and jelly

The Catawba grape variety became the symbol of Ohio wine during the 19th century

New York Wine:

It ranks third among the U.S. wine-producing states in terms of volume produced

Due to the frost-prone climate of New York, the state’s vineyards are located near coastlines, next to rivers, or huddled around the state's various lakes

Great Lakes Region

Regions: Ohio & New York Wine-AVAs

Lake Erie The AVA covers three states including

Pennsylvania, New York, and Ohio

Grand River Valley A large range of cool-climate-styled

wines are made in the region

Isle St. George The growing season is much longer than

in mainland Ohio- harvest can sometimes be as much as six weeks later

Loramie Creek Baco Noir thrives in these soils-

some of Ohio's best red wines are made from Baco Noir

Ohio River Valley The region is noted for its late

harvest ice wines

Great Lakes Region

Regions:New York Wine-AVAs

Niagara Escarpment This AVA is one of the few regions in

the world where true ice wine can be made

Niagara County Lake Ontario creates a moderating

effect prolonging the growing season- grapes develop a greater sugar content that enhances the flavor of wines

Hudson River Region Home to the oldest continuously

operating winery in North America- Brotherhood Winery

Finger Lakes This AVA is the largest and most

productive wine region in New York State

North Fork of Long Island The wine industry here is more

lifestyle-oriented than commercial

The Hamptons This region’s wineries make crisp

white wines from vinifera varieties such as Chardonnay and Riesling and elegant red wines from Cabernet Franc and Merlot

Great Lakes Region

Regions:New Jersey & Pennsylvania Wine-

New Jersey:

The state is suitable for both hybrid and vinifera grapes

There are more than 50 wineries in the state producing more than 40 wine varieties

Pennsylvania:

Pennsylvania ranks 5th nationally in the amount of grapes grown

There are more than 200 wineries in operation in this state

Pennsylvania wineries are primarily boutique wineries that produce less than 20,000 gallons/year

East Coast Region

Regions:New Jersey & Pennsylvania Wine-AVAs

New Jersey AVAs:

Outer Coastal Plain More than 20 wineries and

vineyards now call the region home and accounts for 70% of NJ grape production

Warren Hills Home to some of New Jersey's

best vineyard sites

New Jersey & Pennsylvania AVAs:

Central Delaware Valley A mix of Vitis vinifera and

hybrid grape varieties, including Chardonnay, Riesling, Cabernet Sauvignon and Delaware, can be found planted in the AVA's vineyards

East Coast Region

Regions:Virginia Wine-

Virginia wine is sold in several other states and in international markets like China and the UK

The Virginia wine industry employs 4,700 people and contributes almost $750 million to the Virginia economy each year

Virginia AVAs:

Middleburg Virginia Covers 121,600 acres, contains 229 acres of

commercial vineyards and 24 wineries

Virginia's Eastern Shore There are 5 local growers, with 70 acres

under vine

Monticello There are 145 wines that use the

Monticello designation on the label

Northern Neck George Washington Birthplace

Name has made it onto very few wine labels due to being too long and confusing

Orange County Produces award winning Viognier and

Cabernet Franc

Shenandoah Valley 26 wines use the Shenandoah Valley (VA)

designation on their label

East Coast Region

Regions:North Carolina Wine-

North Carolina is home to more than 160 wineries

The state has more than 400 individually owned vineyards with 1,800 acres under vine

The annual economic impact of the industry is $1.28 billion that supports 7,600 jobs

Biltmore Estate Winery receives more than 1 million visitors annually and is the most visited winery in the United States

North Carolina AVA:

Upper Hiwassee Highlands The AVA is about 100,000 acres

in size, but only about 130 acres are under vine

East Coast Region

Contact Us for the Full Presentation:

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