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1 Summits on the Air U.S.A. W8M Association Reference Manual Document Reference S96.1 Issue number 1.0 Date of issue 1 st August 2013 Participation start date 1 st August 2013 Authorised by SOTA MT Date: 1 st August 2013 Association Manager Dave Wallick N8LBF Summits-on-the-Air an original concept by G3WGV and developed with G3CWI Notice “Summits on the Air” SOTA and the SOTA logo are trademarks of the Programme. This document is copyright of the Programme. All other trademarks and copyrights referenced herein are acknowledged.

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Page 1: U.S.A. W8M - Microsoft · ASL but less than < 1100 feet (335 meters) ASL. Band 2, score 2 points ... Michigan lists 97 hills or mountains meeting this standard of at least 100 meters

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Summits on the Air

U.S.A. W8M

Association Reference Manual

Document Reference S96.1

Issue number 1.0

Date of issue 1st August 2013

Participation start date 1st August 2013

Authorised by SOTA MT Date: 1st August 2013

Association Manager Dave Wallick N8LBF

Summits-on-the-Air an original concept by G3WGV and developed with G3CWI

Notice “Summits on the Air” SOTA and the SOTA logo are trademarks of the Programme. This document is copyright of the Programme. All other trademarks and copyrights referenced herein are acknowledged.

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Table of Contents 1 ASSOCIATION REFERENCE DATA ........................................................................... 3

1.1 PROGRAMME DERIVATION ......................................................................................................... 4

1.1.1 Summit Qualification ....................................................................................................... 4 1.1.2 Point Banding ................................................................................................................... 4

1.2 GENERAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................................ 5 1.3 RIGHTS of WAY and ACCESS ISSUES .......................................................................................… 8 1.4 MAPS and NAVIGATION ............................................................................................................... 9 1.5 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS.......................................................................................................... 10 1.6 FOREIGN RADIO AMATEURS........................................................................................................ 12 1.7 AWARDS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………....... 13

1.8 PROCESS to MAINTAIN SUMMIT LISTS……………………………………………………………………....... 13

2 SUMMIT REFERENCE DATA........................................................................................14

2.1 REGION REFERENCE – UPPER PENINSULA ................................................................. ............... 14 2.1.1 Regional Notes ................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.2 Table of Summits ................................................................................................................ 15

2.2 REGION REFERENCE – LOWER PENINSULA ................................................................................ 18 2.2.1 Regional Notes ................................................................................................................... 18 2.2.2 Table of Summits ................................................................................................................ 18

Disclaimer

Hiking, hill-walking and rock-climbing are potentially dangerous activities. The SOTA Management Team and their associates assume no responsibility for accidents.

Participants must be competent to undertake their proposed Expedition and must carry suitable equipment, taking into account the terrain, weather conditions, etc. Activators take part in the Programme entirely at their own risk and the Programme in its entirety shall accept no responsibility for injury, loss of life, or any other loss. Activators are reminded that hill climbing is an inherently hazardous activity. Accidents can and do happen in the mountains and the risk is neither increased nor mitigated by the SOTA programme.

Each participant participates at his or her own risk, and must decide, on the basis of their capability, whether an objective is achievable. The listing of a summit in the reference does not mean that it is easy to reach, and it is always worth seeking local advice for all but the simplest of the expeditions.

Change Control

Date Version Details

1st August 2013 1.0 First formal issue of this document

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1 Association Reference Data

Association W8M-Michigan

Commencement date 1st August 2013

Regions Upper Peninsula - UP-xxx

Lower Peninsula - LP-xxx

Association parameters 1

Summit operation criteria Operations will be conducted within 40 vertical feet of the summit

Band 1, score 1 point Summit elevation greater than or equal to ≥ 330 feet (100 meters)

ASL but less than < 1100 feet (335 meters) ASL.

Band 2, score 2 points Summit altitude greater than or equal to ≥ 1100 feet (335 meters)

ASL but less than < 1400 feet (427 meters) ASL.

Band 3, score 4 points Summit altitude greater than or equal to ≥ 1400 feet (427 meters)

ASL but less than < 1700 feet (518 meters) ASL.

Band 4, score 6 points Summit altitude greater than or equal to ≥ 1700 feet (518 meters)

ASL but less than < 1969 feet (600 meters) ASL.

Band 5, score 8 points Summit altitude greater than or equal to ≥ 1969 feet (600 meters)

ASL.

Seasonal bonus Yes, three points

Bonus rationale Low temperatures and high snow levels make Expeditions to

the highest summits quite challenging.

Min. height for bonus 1640 feet (500 meters)

Bonus period dates Dec 15 to Mar 15

Association sponsored awards No W8M Association awards at this time. (see Section 1.7 Awards)

Association Manager Dave Wallick N8LBF

1

see General Rules for parameter definitions

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1.1 Programme Derivation

The W8 Michigan SOTA Association is an extension of similar programmes already active in other

countries. Much of the initial list of summits was based on the work of John D. Kirk, published on

http://listsofjohn.com/.

1.1.1 Summit Qualification

The W8M Association list of qualified summits is based upon the prominence of each, or the relative

height of each peak at least 100 meter (328 ft) elevation above that of the surrounding saddle. W8M-

Michigan lists 97 hills or mountains meeting this standard of at least 100 meters prominence. Further

information on the concept of “prominence” is available from Wikipedia and other sources. Summit

scoring is based upon the summit’s height above sea level (ASL).

Participating summits in the program must meet the qualifications as stated in the SOTA General

Rules. For more information refer to http://www.sota.org.uk/RulesAndGuidelines, and see Section 1.9

Process to Maintain Summit Lists in this Manual.

1.1.2 Point Banding

A Point Banding was established to recognize the effort expended to Activate the highest summits,

while offering sufficient points earned to make Activation of more modest summits fun and worthwhile.

The vast majority of the higher point banded summits lie in the Upper Peninsula region; SOTA hams

are encouraged to make the special effort to Activate those more distant and lofty summits, and earn

the high adventure thrill and point rewards for doing so.

Minimum Height,

feet Points

Number of Summits

Percentage

1969 8 1 1%

1700 6 12 12%

1400 4 33 34%

1100 2 33 34%

330 1 18 19%

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1.2 General Information

The Great Lakes that border Michigan from east to west are Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan

and Lake Superior. Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas. The Lower Peninsula, to

which the name Michigan was originally applied, is often noted to be shaped like a mitten. The Upper

Peninsula, often referred to as "the U.P.,” is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of

Mackinac, a five-mile (8 km) channel that joins Lake Huron to Lake Michigan. The two peninsulas are

connected by the Mackinac Bridge. Michigan has the longest freshwater coastline of any political

subdivision in the world, being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes, plus Lake Saint Clair.

The state has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds. It is the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi

River, and eleventh largest state in the US. The United States Census Bureau estimated that the

population of Michigan was 9,883,360 (July 1, 2012 census data).

Map source: http://www.google.com

FIGURE 1 – Position of Michigan within Great Lakes System

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The heavily forested Upper Peninsula is relatively mountainous in the west. The Porcupine Mountains,

which are part of one of the oldest mountain chains in the world, rise to an altitude of almost 2,000 feet

(610 m) above sea level. The surface on either side of this range is rugged. The state's highest point, in

the Huron Mountains northwest of Marquette, is Mount Arvon at 1,979 feet (603 m). The peninsula is as

large as Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island combined but has fewer than 330,000

inhabitants.

The Lower Peninsula is shaped like a mitten and many residents hold up a hand to depict where they are

from. It is 277 miles (446 km) long from north to south and 195 miles (314 km) from east to west and

occupies nearly two-thirds of the state's land area. The surface of the peninsula is generally level, broken

by conical hills and glacial moraines usually not more than a few hundred feet tall. The highest point in

the Lower Peninsula is either Briar Hill at 1,705 feet (520 m), or one of several points nearby in the

vicinity of Cadillac.

Michigan has a continental climate, although there are two distinct regions. The southern and central

parts of the Lower Peninsula (south of Saginaw Bay and from the Grand Rapids area southward) have a

warmer climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa) with hot summers and cold winters. The northern part

of Lower Peninsula and the entire Upper Peninsula has a more severe climate (Köppen Dfb), with warm,

but shorter summers and longer, cold to very cold winters. Some parts of the state average high

temperatures below freezing from December through February, and into early March in the far northern

parts. During the winter through the middle of February the state, particularly the western portions of the

Upper Peninsula and the Lower Peninsula (where the majority of the summits are located) is frequently

subjected to heavy lake-effect snow. The state averages from 30–40 inches (76–100 cm) of precipitation

annually, however some areas in the northern Lower Peninsula and the Upper Peninsula average almost

160" of snowfall per year.

The entire state averages 30 days of thunderstorm activity per year. These can be severe, especially in

the southern part of the state. The state averages 17 tornadoes per year, which are more common in the

extreme southern portion of the state. Farther north, in the Upper Peninsula, tornadoes are rare.

The geological formation of the state is greatly varied. Primary boulders are found over the entire surface

of the Upper Peninsula (being principally of primitive origin), while Secondary deposits cover the entire

Lower Peninsula. The Upper Peninsula exhibits Lower Silurian sandstone, limestone, copper and iron

bearing rocks, corresponding to the Huronian system of Canada. The central portion of the Lower

Peninsula contains coal measures and rocks of the Pennsylvanian period. Devonian and sub-

Carboniferous deposits are scattered over the entire state.

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The State of Michigan has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds. This large number is due to the action of the

glaciers across the land thousands of years ago and also resulted in the formation of the Great Lakes.

The Great Lakes were formed 14,000 years ago during the Wisconsin stage of glaciation. The

Labradorean ice sheet advanced southward from the James Bay region in Canada across the region of

the present Great Lakes. Although hundreds of millions of years of marine activity were involved in laying

the sediments which formed the foundational rocks out of which Michigan was developed, the actual

sculpturing of the surface and the delineation of the state into a definite physical unit as we know it today

was not accomplished until fairly recently in geologic time.

Glaciers buried the surface of northern North America to an average depth of over 6,000 feet of ice. At

rates of only a few centimeters per day, the glacier slowly made its way across the Great Lakes basin,

carving out deep valleys and moved large amounts of soil. As temperatures eventually rose, the glaciers

melted and moved back northwards, towards Canada. They left behind a series of large holes that filled

with meltwater from the glacier, forming the basic shape of the Great Lakes. It wasn't until 6,000 years

ago that the lakes took their final shapes that we see today. These recognizable shapes, though, are

temporary, at least until the next glacial epoch; we are, after all, in between a series of historical glacial

periods which have previously, and certainly will again, affect the Great Lakes Region, including the

topography of Michigan.

That Michigan’s land mass, including the mountain regions of northwest Lower Peninsula and the

western portion of the Upper Peninsula, were able to withstand the powerful glacial carving and

scrubbing effects that sculpted the Great Lakes, is a testament to the hardness and strength of the state’s

topography. Consider how tough small freshwater islands, like North and South Manitou Islands in Lake

Michigan and Isle Royale in Lake Superior, had to be to withstand the glacial forces surrounding them

that gouged out the Great Lakes! Two W8M – Michigan summits are located on North and South

Manitou Islands.

1.3 Rights of Way and Access Issues

Michigan’s peaks are located on public land, such as National Forest lands, various State Park and

Forest lands, as well as on privately owned property. Many peaks are located on or near trail heads or

near two-track roads (unimproved roads) which may be somewhat accessible by vehicle. Other peaks,

although located on public land, may have difficult access due to lack of adequate trails or roads, and yet

other peaks, located on privately owned land, have no legal public access.

Private lands in the USA are NOT open to camping and hiking by default. While European activators may

be accustomed to the privileges of “Every Man’s Right” laws, these laws do not exist in the USA. No

SOTA activator should ever trespass across private lands.

If an activator does manage to receive permission from a private landowner to activate a private summit,

the activator must remember that he may be the landowner’s only contact with SOTA or ham radio. The

activator must adhere to the highest standards of politeness and professionalism in his activation so as to

pave the way for future activators to be authorized.

Finally, since elevated hills in the vastly more populated Lower Peninsula of Michigan are dear, some

summits identified in Section 2.2 Regional References (later in this Manual) contain radio, television, or

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cellular transmission/receive towers. It is the responsibility of each ham to understand and avoid the

possibility of RF interference to their ham equipment and to the tower equipment. USGS topographic

maps indicate the presence of transmission towers on summits, but be aware that map data may be out-

dated. Recent photographic views of summits via, for instance, Google Earth photos (see:

http://www.google.com/earth/index.html), are good resources to be used in the planning stages of an

Expedition to help better understand what to expect on each summit.

1.4 Maps and Navigation

A reliable map of the region to be hiked, along with a compass, and the competency to use both, are

essential to proper and safe navigation to and from these summits. US Geological Survey (USGS) maps

are considered the standard for backcountry travel. USGS topographic maps accurately represent the

natural and manmade features of the land to stringent National Map Accuracy Standards. USGS maps

of the 7½ Minute Series (covering 7½ x 7½ minutes of geographic arc) show most maintained trails and

at a scale of 1:24,000 (1 cm = 0.25 km, or 1 inch = 0.386 miles). Carrying these maps as a primary or

backup source of navigation information is strongly recommended, even if you are familiar with the

terrain. USGS maps of the 30 x 60 Minute Series, with a scale of 1:100,000, are commonly referred to as

“land use maps” and are useful in determining what lands are publicly and privately owned, and which

government agency is responsible for managing a particular publicly owned area. Also useful are US

Forest Service, National Park, and State Park maps which show parking, camping, toilet, trash, and other

visitor facilities. National Forest and National Park maps are usually available at the forest or park

entrance or visitor centers.

USGS maps are available at map retailers and outdoor outfitters throughout the state, or check online at

http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/usgsmaps/usgsmaps.html#Information. USGS Headquarters may

be contacted at:

USGS National Center 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, USA Phone: 703-648-

5953, or via: http://www.usgs.gov/ .

A very good on-line map resource for particular summits in W8M – Michigan can be found at

http://www.listsofjohn.com/PeakStats/select.php?R=1&sort=&P=328&S=MI or

http://www.listsofjohn.com/PeakStats/select.php?R=z&sort=&P=328&S=MI; click on individual summit

names for a topographic map image and sometimes photographic images of each. Relatively recent

photographs of particular summits may be viewed using, for instance, Google Earth photos (see:

http://www.google.com/earth/index.html). Maps and photos are good resources to be used in the

planning stages of an Expedition to help the summiteer to better understand what to expect on each

venture.

A GPS is a good supplemental tool, though it should not be relied upon for primary navigation. GPS

contact with positioning satellites may be interrupted in heavy woodland cover, and their electronics do

sometimes fail or batteries exhaust when least expected. Map and compass skills should be in each

Summiteers personal skills toolbox.

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1.5 Safety Considerations Mountaineering is an inherently risky endeavor. The consequences of thoughtless actions can be tragic.

While the risks you assume by participating in SOTA activities can never be dismissed, they can be

greatly diminished through knowledge, preparation and experience.

Water and Flooding

Michigan enjoys an abundance of water – the Great Lakes, many inland lakes and streams, as well as

numerous wetlands and swamps. While these are not an issue on mountain summits, they play a role on

treks to those summits. Know when to ford a stream or cross a rain-swollen road, whether walking or

driving a vehicle. Flooding accounts for many more deaths in the US than do other types of storms.

Additionally, wet areas are home to both black flies (in May and June) and mosquitoes (anytime from

sping to fall). Though not particularly threatening, these pests can make a hiker miserable nonetheless.

Take and use insect repellent. Consider wearing a head net if you are especially bothered by these

insects.

Snakes, Insects, and Plants

There are virtually no dangerous poisonous snakes or insects in the northern areas of Michigan, so

precautions against getting bitten, common in more southern or eastern states, are not generally required

here. Poisonous plants, such as poison ivy, poison sumac, and poison oak, are found in Michigan but

can be readily avoided. Learn to identify such plants and avoid contact (see

http://www.bami.us/PoisonIvy.html). A handy general rule for questionable plants is “leaves of three, let it

be.” The itching rash resulting from contact with these is readily treatable and is not life–threatening. Be

sure, very sure, that you know how to accurately identify mushroom species before you pick and eat wild

mushrooms. While many mushrooms are safe, poisonous mushrooms can be fatal if ingested by

humans.

Animals

Animal pests, though, command more focused attention, especially when camping during a Summit

Expedition. Raccoons and chipmunks are expert food thieves; package your food to avoid their nosey

efforts to gain your goods. Black bears are becoming more pervasive in the northern Lower Peninsula

and in the Upper Peninsula. Avoid surprising a sow (female) black bear with her cubs (young offspring)

at all costs; sows will viciously defend the welfare of their cubs with extreme violence against unlucky

persons. This remote threat can be largely avoided by making noise while hiking to and from summits.

Talking, singing, or using a bell on a pack frame is enough to notify the bear that you are in the area, and

black bears will almost always leave quickly rather than meet you. Learn how to avoid black bears and

what to do if threatened; do not climb a tree (they climb better than you do) or “play dead” with a black

bear (instead, fight them off if attacked). Being threatened by a black bear is a highly remote possibility,

but the personal penalty could be serious. Much more likely is that a black bear may steal your food from

your campsite or campgrounds. Do not leave any food in a tent, and learn how to hang a “bear bag” with

your food items to keep them out of the bears reach (see

http://www.americanbear.org/awareness/camping-hiking.html and

http://www.princeton.edu/~oa/training/bearbag.shtml).

Gray wolves are gaining a presence in the Upper Peninsula, but it is very unlikely that you will ever see

one, let alone be threatened by one. If you travel with a dog, though, take precautions to protect your pet

from attack by the very territorial wolves (for proper precautions, see

http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/WildlifeHabitat/wolf/documents/SharingtheLand.pdf).

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A good source of information about North American plants, reptiles, mammals and birds is the National

Audubon Society. Information can be found at http://www.audubonguides.com/index.html. Excellent field

guides from the society are available in print at major book retailers. Keep in mind that flowering plants in

Michigan woodlands can be very beautiful in the spring and fall. Even more breathtaking can be the fall

foliage colors as the leaves begin to fall; depending on where in Michigan you intend to be, look for

outstanding woodland colors in mid-September in the north to late October in the south of Michigan. A

good guidebook or fieldbook can enrich such experiences for many.

Visible Attire

Michigan enjoys myriad outdoor sport opportunities in all season, including hunting in the spring, fall, and

winter. Especially in the fall (October, November, and December), consider wearing some aspect of

highly visible – blaze orange or yellow – attire (for instance, a hat, cap, or vest) when hiking to announce

your presence to hunters. The probability of being accidentally harmed by a hunter is very, very small,

but proper precautions are nonetheless properly prudent.

Weather

Mountain weather anywhere, and certainly in Michigan, can be unpredictable and sometimes threatening,

both in winter and in summer. There is an expression in Michigan – “If you don’t like the weather just

now, wait ten minutes.” Atmospheric turbulence from the generally cooler Great Lakes and cold fronts

sweeping down from Canada contribute to make Michigan weather variable and sometimes dramatic.

NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) weather forecasts should be checked at

http://weather.noaa.gov/ before any Expedition commences. Current conditions and any local hazardous

weather warnings can be monitored on NOAA Weather Radio, with area radio frequencies available at:

http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/stations.php?State=MI.

Prepare for summer sun. Though the temperatures do not get as high in Michigan as many other places

in the US, strong sun and windy conditions on an exposed mountaintop can result in dehydration, heat

exhaustion and the more serious heatstroke/sunstroke. Know the symptoms and be prepared to mitigate

their effects should you succumb. Always treat water from streams or lakes, regardless of their source.

“Beaver fever,” caused by water contaminated by the animal feces-borne protozoa, giardia lamblia, can

cause gastroenteritis in humans, lasting about six weeks.

“Winter Safety Notes for the SOTA Newcomer,” by G4YSS, located on the SOTA website

(http://www.sota.org.uk/docs/WinterSafetyNotesG4YSS.pdf) is recommended as an experienced

perspective about planning & precautions regarding Expeditions to summits during winter. Michigan

winter snowfalls and below freezing temperatures, especially in the mountainous areas of the

northwestern Lower Peninsula and the western areas of the Upper Peninsula, can be challenging for

even the experienced hiker (review the typical winter weather conditions described previously in Section

1.2 General Information).

Further, summer thunderstorms, arising often with little notice off of the bordering Great Lakes, can be

very energetic with strong winds, driving rains, and dangerous lightning. Be sure to be able to recognize

conditions favorable to such thunderstorms and stay protected and safe during such weather. Standing

tall on the bald top of a summit holding an antenna in the air is not likely to further your lifetime in the

event of a strong windstorm or an energetic lightning storm. The danger of tornadoes from such storms

is rare in the northern, mountainous parts of Michigan. It never hurts, though, to understand the

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indications of and best response to an imminent lightning strike on a mountain top (see

http://thepeakmind.com/managing-lightning-risk/responding-to-imminent-lightning-threats/).

Do not be deterred by these safety precautions. The likelihood of getting injured is small, and it is

especially small if you know how to avoid common problems before you enter the woods or start the hike

to your summit. As the Boy Scouts say, “Be prepared.”

1.6 Foreign Radio Amateurs (from the ARRL website, http://www.arrl.org/international-operating)

Foreign Amateurs who wish to operate in the US may do so if the country of which they are a citizen and

amateur licensee has entered into a bilateral or multilateral reciprocal operating agreement with the US.

Such agreements can include a reciprocal licensing agreement, CEPT license, or IARP permit. No

additional permit is required -- simply bring your original license, issued by your home country when you

visit the US. Be sure to identify your station while operating by the US call district identifier followed by

your non-US callsign; for example, W8/G1ABC may be the call of an English ham operating in Michigan

(US call district 8). It is no longer necessary to include a “portable” designator (“/p”) in your callsign. An

automatic reciprocal agreement exists between the US and Canada, so there is no need for Canadian

hams to apply for a permit. Simply sign your US call followed by a slant bar and the Canadian

letter/number identifier. For more information, see: http://www.arrl.org/obtaining-permission.

If no agreement exists, it is possible for foreign citizens to take the U.S. ham radio exam to receive their

FCC issued license. Any individual can take the exam, except agents of foreign governments. Dates and

locations of license exams can be found online (see, for instance: http://www.arrl.org/find-an-amateur-

radio-license-exam-session).

Please note, it may take at least two weeks or more for a newly licensed amateur to receive a license and

operating privileges. It is advisable that a foreign amateur allow much more time. Also remember that in

the U.S., a foreign ham must carry his license and CEPT documentation on his person whenever he is

operating amateur radio gear. If requested by any authority, this documentation must be disclosed. Your

license cannot be left at home or in your hotel.

For full details of operating in the USA with a foreign license, please see the ARRL (Amateur Radio Relay

League) website, http://www.arrl.org/foreign-licenses-operating-in-u-s. The ARRL is America’s and

perhaps the world’s largest amateur radio club and is an invaluable resource of operating information for

foreign and domestic amateur radio operators. In general the FCC welcomes foreign amateurs and

receiving operating permission should be reasonably easy. In the USA, operators shall strictly adhere to

FCC regulations.

US operating band plan information and frequency allocation charts can be found at

http://www.arrl.org/operating-resources, for instance. Additionally, the Association Manager is not aware

of any customs regulations addressing the importation of amateur radios to America, and, in general,

FCC type acceptance standards are loose enough to allow for operation of foreign type accepted

amateur radios and even homebrew radios. However, the operator shall remain responsible for obtaining

all approvals. For US regulatory information governing reciprocal operating arrangements, please see

http://wireless.fcc.gov/services/index.htm?job=about_4&id=amateur. It is the responsibility of all amateur

radio operators – US and foreign – to operate within the regulatory limits set by the US-FCC (Federal

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Communications Commission, CFR (Code of Federal Regulations), Part 97; see, for instance,

http://wireless.fcc.gov/index.htm?job=rules_and_regulations).

Finally, foreign hams should read and understand ARM section 1.3 Rights of Way and Access Issues.

1.7 Awards There are no W8M Association awards at this time. However, several awards are available from the

SOTA parent organization. Consult the SOTA website for details (http://www.sota.org.uk/Awards).

1.8 Process to Maintain Summit Lists

The summit database does not claim to be completed and can only be changed by the acceptance of

the W8M Association Manager and the SOTA Management Team.

The manager will add a summit if a petitioner demonstrates that it meets the qualification of prominence

(according to SOTA General Rules; see http://www.sota.org.uk/RulesAndGuidelines ) and that

reasonable access is available. The manager will update summit data upon confirmation that the

current summit information is incorrect. If mistakes in, or needed changes to, this ARM are identified,

the Manager shall update the ARM and submit it for approval to the SOTA Management Team.

Summits cannot be counted for points until a launch date and a reference number has been approved

and allocated by the Association Manager and the SOTA Management Team. The Manager will review

and act upon petitions at least once per calendar year.

Petitions for the addition, correction, or removal of summit listings in the W8M – Michigan ARM

should contain the following information:

1. Name of the summit as shown on the applicable USGS topographical map or as listed in the

Geonames database, with a citation indicating the source of this name.

2. Latitude and longitude of the summit expressed in decimal degrees to at least four decimal

places.

3. Elevation of the summit expressed in feet above sea level (ASL).

4. Prominence value of the summit expressed in feet with a citation indicating the source of this

value.

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2. Summit Reference Data

http://www.google.com

FIGURE X – Schematic of Michigan Counties within Upper Peninsula and Lower Peninsula Portions of State

Upper Peninsula of Michigan

W8M / UP-XXX

Lower Peninsula of Michigan

W8M / LP-XXX

Page 15: U.S.A. W8M - Microsoft · ASL but less than < 1100 feet (335 meters) ASL. Band 2, score 2 points ... Michigan lists 97 hills or mountains meeting this standard of at least 100 meters

15

2.1 Region Reference – Upper Peninsula

Association W8M Michigan

Region Upper Peninsula, W8M/UP-xxx

Region manager Refer to Association Manager

2.1.1 Regional Notes The Upper Peninsula (UP) of Michigan is bounded on its north, east, and south borders by the Great

Lakes, with a land-link on the southwest to Wisconsin responsible for its designation as a “peninsula.”

Sixty of its sixty-four hills and mountains are found in the western portion of the UP, with most of its

highest summits located in a focused area in the northwest quadrant of this area. The eleven highest

summits in the state lie in the Upper Peninsula. These summits are detailed here:

2.1.2 Table of Summits

W8M / UP-001 thru UP-064 Summits

Ref. Summit name

County Altitude ASL (ft)

Prominence (ft)

Latitude Longitude Grid Points

W8M/UP-001

Mount Arvon Baraga 1979 954 46.7558 -88.1554 EN56ws 8

W8M/UP-002

Summit Peak Ontonagon 1960 628 46.7475 -89.7716 EN56cr 6

W8M/UP-003

1899 Baraga 1899 366 46.7555 -88.2185 EN56vs 6

W8M/UP-004

Underwood Hill

Ontonagon 1878 443 46.6511 -89.8171 EN56cp 6

W8M/UP-005

1845 Marquette 1845 443 46.6511 -87.7725 EN66cp 6

W8M/UP-006

1794 Gogebic 1794 344 46.4923 -90.0250 EN46xl 6

W8M/UP-007

Bergland Lookout

Ontonagon 1775 505 46.6772 -89.5775 EN56fq 6

W8M/UP-008

1770 Gogebic 1770 360 46.4868 -90.0706 EN46xl 6

W8M/UP-009

Bass Benchmark

Ontonagon 1745 409 46.6329 -89.7265 EN56dp 6

W8M/UP-010

1741 Ontonagon 1741 351 46.6414 -89.5676 EN56fp 6

W8M/UP-011

1725 Ontonagon 1725 393 46.6183 -89.5252 EN56fo 6

W8M/UP-012

1615 Gogebic 1615 328 46.5994 -89.9578 EN56ao 4

W8M/UP-013

1613 Ontonagon 1613 463 46.6727 -89.4641 EN56gq 4

W8M/UP-014

Norwich Lookout

Ontonagon 1610 480 46.6656 -89.3790 EN56hp 4

W8M/UP-015

1605 Ontonagon 1605 455 46.7127 -89.4299 EN56gr 4

Page 16: U.S.A. W8M - Microsoft · ASL but less than < 1100 feet (335 meters) ASL. Band 2, score 2 points ... Michigan lists 97 hills or mountains meeting this standard of at least 100 meters

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Ref. Summit name

County Altitude ASL (ft)

Prominence (ft)

Latitude Longitude Grid Points

W8M/UP-016

Cuyahoga Peak

Ontonagon 1599 492 46.8136 -89.7130 EN56dt 4

W8M/UP-017

1597 Ontonagon 1597 427 46.6748 -89.3416 EN56hq 4

W8M/UP-018

Mount Benison

Marquette 1581 638 46.8642 -87.9605 EN66au 4

W8M/UP-019

1572 Ontonagon 1572 342 46.6993 -89.3547 EN56hq 4

W8M/UP-020

Millie Hill Dickinson 1570 440 45.8208 -88.0440 EN55xt 4

W8M/UP-021

1566 Gogebic 1566 439 46.6181 -90.1611 EN46wo 4

W8M/UP-022

Mount, Horace Greeley

Keweenaw 1550 920 47.3702 -88.1706 EN57vi 4

W8M/UP-023

Copper Peak Gogebic 1550 398 46.6007 -90.0899 EN46wo 4

W8M/UP-024

Ives Hill Marquette 1548 704 46.8239 -87.8348 EN66bt 4

W8M/UP-025

1535 Houghton 1535 379 46.9470 -88.8380 EN56nw 4

W8M/UP-026

1530 Dickinson 1530 360 45.8372 -87.9720 EN65au 4

W8M/UP-027

Pine Mountain

Dickinson 1523 353 45.8330 -88.0819 EN55xt 4

W8M/UP-028

Huron Mountain

Marquette 1517 623 46.8781 -87.9214 EN66av 4

W8M/UP-029

Oak Bluff Ontonagon 1507 377 46.7265 -89.2777 EN56ir 4

W8M/UP-030

Super Benchmark

Marquette 1500 328 46.8800 -87.9836 EN66av 4

W8M/UP-031

1496 Ontonagon 1496 389 46.8126 -89.6709 EN56dt 4

W8M/UP-032

Mount Homer Marquette 1468 591 46.8539 -87.9043 EN66bv 4

W8M/UP-033

Adventure Mountain

Ontonagon 1468 410 46.7710 -89.0827 EN56ls 4

W8M/UP-034

Mount Houghton

Keweenaw 1466 556 47.4071 -87.9414 EN67aj 4

W8M/UP-035

Mount Bohemia

Keweenaw 1465 455 47.3918 -88.0137 EN57xj 4

W8M/UP-036

1451 Marquette 1451 410 46.7736 -87.7366 EN66ds 4

W8M/UP-037

Cliff Range Keweenaw 1450 400 47.3602 -88.3322 EN57ui 4

W8M/UP-038

1435 Marquette 1435 345 46.7938 -87.8020 EN66ct 4

W8M/UP-039

C Shaft Hill Ontonagon 1434 409 46.7330 -89.1663 EN56kr 4

W8M/UP-040

1418 Marquette 1418 442 46.7572 -87.7028 EN66ds 4

W8M/UP-041

1417 Marquette 1417 343 46.8035 -87.8380 EN66bt 4

W8M/UP-042

Mount Desor Keweenaw 1394 792 47.9559 -89.0116 EN57lw 2

Page 17: U.S.A. W8M - Microsoft · ASL but less than < 1100 feet (335 meters) ASL. Band 2, score 2 points ... Michigan lists 97 hills or mountains meeting this standard of at least 100 meters

17

Ref. Summit name

County Altitude ASL (ft)

Prominence (ft)

Latitude Longitude Grid Points

W8M/UP-043

Ishpeming Point

Keweenaw 1370 413 47.9942 -88.9151 EN57nx 2

W8M/UP-044

Rocky Ridge Keweenaw 1370 340 47.4524 -87.9695 EN67ak 2

W8M/UP-045

Brockway Mountain

Keweenaw 1350 420 47.4643 -87.9685 EN67al 2

W8M/UP-046

Mount Ives Marquette 1338 510 46.8569 -87.8608 EN66bu 2

W8M/UP-047

Mount Lookout

Keweenaw 1335 345 47.4482 -88.1022 EN57wk 2

W8M/UP-048

East Bluff Keweenaw 1330 520 47.4460 -87.7938 EN67ck 2

W8M/UP-049

Brier Hill Dickinson 1330 360 45.7874 -87.8648 EN65bs 2

W8M/UP-050

1310 Houghton 1310 440 47.2637 -88.4464 EN57sg 2

W8M/UP-051

Hogback Mountain

Marquette 1230 340 46.6049 -87.4894 EN66go 2

W8M/UP-052

Trout Mountain

Marquette 1222 372 46.8657 -87.8903 EN66bu 2

W8M/UP-053

1205 Marquette 1205 361 46.7372 -87.6578 EN66er 2

W8M/UP-054

Luce County HP

Luce 1197 425 46.5176 -85.8542 EN76bm 2

W8M/UP-055

1190 Keweenaw 1190 340 47.3993 -87.8935 EN67bj 2

W8M/UP-056

Bald Mountain

Marquette 1189 377 46.8828 -88.0386 EN56xv 2

W8M/UP-057

Feldtmann Ridge

Keweenaw 1173 483 47.8611 -89.0923 EN57ku 2

W8M/UP-058

Pikes Peak Baraga 1172 328 46.8297 -88.3368 EN56tt 2

W8M/UP-059

Mount Ojibway

Keweenaw 1150 400 48.1092 -88.6062 EN58qc 2

W8M/UP-060

Limestone Mountain

Houghton 1135 356 46.8058 -88.7026 EN56pt 2

W8M/UP-061

Chippewa County HP

Chippewa 1095 373 46.4253 -84.9463 EN76mk 1

W8M/UP-062

Sugarloaf Mountain

Marquette 1070 360 46.6046 -87.4550 EN66go 1

W8M/UP-063

Mackinac County HP

Mackinac 1005 340 46.1204 -84.5230 EN76rc 1

W8M/UP-064

Grand Island Alger 989 387 46.5258 -86.691 EN66pm 1

Summit data used with permission from John Kirk, http://www.ListsofJohn.com/PeakStats.

Grid locations calculated using GridMapper -V.3, from QRZ.com.

Page 18: U.S.A. W8M - Microsoft · ASL but less than < 1100 feet (335 meters) ASL. Band 2, score 2 points ... Michigan lists 97 hills or mountains meeting this standard of at least 100 meters

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2.2 Region Reference – Lower Peninsula

Association W8M Michigan

Region Lower Peninsula, W8M/LP-xxx

Region manager Refer to Association Manager

2.2.1 Regional notes The Lower Peninsula (LP) of Michigan is bounded on its east and west by Great Lakes, with a land-link

on the south to Ohio and Indiana responsible for its designation as a “peninsula.” The LP possesses

most of the state’s population but fewer of its highest summits. Twenty-seven of the LP’s thirty-three

summits are tightly focused in its northwest portion. These summits are detailed here:

2.2.2 Table of summits

W8M / LP-001 thru LP-033 Summits

Ref. Summit name

County Altitude ASL (ft)

Prominence (ft)

Latitude Longitude Grid Points

W8M/LP-001

Grove Hill Osceloa 1708 1046 44.1377 -85.3447 EN74hd 6

W8M/LP-002

Briar Hill Wexford 1706 402 44.3661 -85.6794 EN74di 6

W8M/LP-003

Indian Springs Lookout

Roscommon 1579 422 44.2997 -84.3953 EN74th 4

W8M/LP-004

Hudson Lookout

Charlevoix 1561 416 45.1713 -84.7519 EN75oe 4

W8M/LP-005

Portage Lake Lookout

Crawford 1545 369 44.5777 -84.7979 EN74on 4

W8M/LP-006

Emmet County HP

Emmet 1336 721 45.4736 -84.9498 EN75ml 2

W8M/LP-007

Nubs Knob Emmet 1336 574 45.4669 -84.9012 EN75nl 2

W8M/LP-008

1304 Emmet 1304 542 45.3253 -84.8776 EN75nh 2

W8M/LP-009

Mount Christie

Lapeer 1285 533 42.8849 -83.3255 EN82iv 2

W8M/LP-010

Hillsdale County HP

Hillsdale 1285 370 41.8872 -84.6202 EN71qv 2

W8M/LP-011

Thunder Mountain

Charlevoix 1271 328 45.1935 -84.8287 EN75oe 2

W8M/LP-012

1254 Emmet 1254 393 45.4997 -85.0275 EN75ll 2

W8M/LP-013

Grand Traverse

County HP

Grand Traverse

1222 351 44.7671 -85.7095 EN74ds 2

Page 19: U.S.A. W8M - Microsoft · ASL but less than < 1100 feet (335 meters) ASL. Band 2, score 2 points ... Michigan lists 97 hills or mountains meeting this standard of at least 100 meters

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Ref. Summit name

County Altitude ASL (ft)

Prominence (ft)

Latitude Longitude Grid Points

W8M/LP-014

Boyne Mountain

Charlevoix 1156 410 45.1605 -84.9417 EN75md 2

W8M/LP-015

Buck Hills Benzie 1136 334 44.5237 -85.9989 EN74am 2

W8M/LP-016

1126 Manistee 1126 356 44.4904 -86.0669 EN64xl 2

W8M/LP-017

1123 Emmet 1123 328 45.3648 -84.8567 EN75ni 2

W8M/LP-018

1107 Charlevoix 1107 378 45.2318 -84.8884 EN75nf 2

W8M/LP-019

Empire Bluffs Leelanau 1107 345 44.7962 -86.0727 EN64xt 2

W8M/LP-020

1092 Leelanau 1092 363 44.9059 -85.9219 EN74av 1

W8M/LP-021

Richardson Hill

Charlevoix 1090 344 45.1795 -85.0955 EN75ke 1

W8M/LP-022

Shauger Hill Leelanau 1082 353 44.8596 -86.0655 EN64xu 1

W8M/LP-023

Rose Benchmark

Oceana 1076 350 43.5886 -86.3325 EN63uo 1

W8M/LP-024

1074 Leelanau 1074 345 44.9440 -85.7806 EN74cw 1

W8M/LP-025

1072 Charlevoix 1072 375 45.2098 -84.9465 EN75mf 1

W8M/LP-026

Swenson Benchmark

Leelanau 1041 390 45.0821 -85.6461 EN75eb 1

W8M/LP-027

1041 Charlevoix 1041 328 45.2741 -84.9379 EN75mg 1

W8M/LP-028

1025 Leelanau 1025 394 44.8847 -85.9978 EN74av 1

W8M/LP-029

South Manitou

Island Leelanau 1008 427 45.0113 -86.1484 EN65wa 1

W8M/LP-030

1008 Antrim 1008 361 45.0730 -85.1242 EN75kb 1

W8M/LP-031

North Manitou

Island Leelanau 992 411 45.1459 -86.0454 EN65xd 1

W8M/LP-032

Kirby Benchmark

Benzie 976 361 44.6472 -86.2096 EN64vp 1

W8M/LP-033

976 Leelanau 976 361 44.9677 -85.9242 EN74ax 1

Summit data used with permission from John Kirk, http://www.ListsofJohn.com/PeakStats.

Grid locations calculated using GridMapper -V.3, from QRZ.com.