usability)and)accessibility) - cs 4720cs4720 notjustthe#ui# •...
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CS 4720
Usability and Accessibility
CS 4720 – Web & Mobile Systems
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CS 4720
What makes a good interface? • Don't say “anything but SIS.” • What are it's characterisAcs? • How do you just KNOW that you're using something that has been thought out properly?
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CS 4720
Not Just the UI • The experience begins with the first Ame you launch an app or go to a web site
• There are several components here – IniAal impression – User interface – 80/20 rule (someAmes the 90/10 rule) – Graphic design – InformaAon presentaAon
• All of this adds up to the user experience (UX)
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CS 4720
10 Rules… • 10 Rules to Mobile HCI
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CS 4720
EvaluaAng an Interface • Rule 1: Visibility of system status • The system should always keep users informed about what is going on through appropriate feedback within reasonable Ame.
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CS 4720
EvaluaAng an Interface • Rule 2: Match the system to the real world • The system should follow real-‐world convenAons, making informaAon appear in natural and logical order.
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CS 4720
EvaluaAng an Interface • Rule 3: The “uh-‐oh” bueon • Users ofen choose system funcAons by mistake (parAcularly on mobile) and will need a clearly marked “emergency exit” to leave the unwanted state without having to go through extended steps.
• Systems should support undo and redo.
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CS 4720
EvaluaAng an Interface • Rule 4: Consistency and standards • User should not have to wonder whether different words, situaAons, or acAons mean the same thing.
• The system should follow plahorm convenAons.
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CS 4720
EvaluaAng an Interface • Rule 5: Error prevenAon • Add input checks
– How many digits in that phone number? – How many digits in that credit card number? – Are there really 39 days in July?
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CS 4720
EvaluaAng an Interface • Rule 6: RecogniAon rather than recall • An icon should represent the acAon and should immediately recognizable as to what it does
• Part of this is following plahorm standards, part is being consistent in your own applicaAon
• An acAon/swipe/etc should be consistent across screens
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CS 4720
EvaluaAng an Interface • Rule 7: Flexibility • Accelerators, shortcuts, etc (which are unseen by the novice user) can speed up interacAons for the expert user to such an extent that the system can cater to both inexperienced and experienced users.
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CS 4720
EvaluaAng an Interface • Rule 8: AestheAc and minimalist design • Every extra unit of informaAon in a dialog competes with the relevant units of informaAon and diminishes their relaAve visibility.
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CS 4720
EvaluaAng an Interface • Rule 9: Error explanaAons • Error messages should be expressed in plain language (NO CODES), precisely indicate the problem, and construcAvely suggest a soluAon.
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CS 4720
EvaluaAng an Interface • Rule 10: Help! • Have reasonable help informaAon available in the app if possible.
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CS 4720
The Ten Rules • 1. Visibility of Status • 2. System = Real World • 3. The “uh-‐oh” bueon • 4. Consistency and Standards • 5. Error PrevenAon • 6. RecogniAon rather than Recall • 7. Flexibility • 8. Minimalist Design • 9. Error ExplanaAon • 10. Help!
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CS 4720
Phone-‐Specific Interface
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• We need to separate two concerns here – The Hardware Interface – The Sofware Interface
• What are some specific hardware innovaAons that we use with cell phones?
• How do these address the 10 rules?
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CS 4720
Hardware Interface • Consider the following hardware innovaAons:
– The click wheel – The rocker – The track ball – The home bueon
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CS 4720
Sofware Interface
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• Let's look at a few interfaces
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CS 4720
Image Galleries
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CS 4720
Empty Lists
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CS 4720
Describing Places
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CS 4720
Concepts
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• UI's that grow and shrink – Flexible design
• Sofkeys and icon bueons for common tasks • PredicAve text • Others?
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CS 4720
One Hand or Two Hands? • Large, obvious bueons • Controls toward the center of the screen so you don't have to stretch
• Controls have space between them if possible • Put only needed items on the screen • Eliminate unnecessary words • Make transiAons between states obvious • Apps: Phone, Contacts, Urbanspoon
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CS 4720
One Hand or Two Hands?
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• TheoreAcally, the user is not moving, so controls can be more complex
• Stylus control • Keyboard in landscape mode (sof or hard) • More informaAon to proces • Apps: Amazon, AllRecipes
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CS 4720
Rules of Thumb
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• Easy traversals between states • Audio sparingly (remember – audio may be turned off!)
• Build for the input device (click wheel, touch screen, stylus)
• Provide shortcuts when possible • Try to use direct-‐manipulaAon widgets for input with immediate feedback
• Menus must be tailored to the device input
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CS 4720
Rules of Thumb • Typing isn't easy – provide ways to remember text
• Use contextual informaAon whenever possible (use GPS coords automaAcally in a Google search, have the last contact up for making a phone call, etc)
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CS 4720
My UI works great now! • But it sAll doesn't look “slick!” • Simple is beauAful • Get a friend to pick out the color scheme for you. Seriously.
• ImitaAon is the greatest form of flaeery • If all else fails… ask a graphic design student • Or check the paeerns:
– hep://sixrevisions.com/user-‐interface/mobile-‐ui-‐design-‐paeerns-‐inspiraAon/
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