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USAFA Discovery is published quarterly by the faculty of the US Air Force Academy (U SAFA ). It contains reports on USAFA cad et and

faculty research, a comp lete list of current USAFA research points of contact, and a sum mary of recent awards and publications. All written

material contained within reflects the opinions of the authors and editors and does not necessarily reflect current US Air Force or USAFA

~ o l i c v .

Research Activity in Support of UnmannedgerialVehichs

(UJ2/) at the Aeronautics Research Center

T h e future of air warfare is undergoing a

fundamental transformation with the move toward theincreased use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV's).

UAV's are capable of performing a number of missions

in high-threat environments while minimizing the risk of

human life. An example of an important mission

particularly well suited for a UAV is the provision ofinformation superiority for in-theater commanders.

Information superiority is defined in Joint Vision 2010,the official vision statement of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,

as

"the ability to collect, process, and disseminate an

unintempted flow of information while denying theenemy's ability to do the same".

The USAF is currently operating the Predator, a

medium-altitude, medium-range, high-endurance (20

hours) UAV that was used in Kosovo to provide near-real-time reconnaissance, target acquisition, and battle-

damage assessment. The sensors allowed for effectiveoperation during the day and night and in bad weather

conditions.The USAF is currently developing the Global Hawk, a

high-altitude, aerial reconnaissance UAV. The GlobalHawk will have a maximum operating altitude of 65,000

feet and endurance of 24 hours. It will be able to provide

imagery with one-meter resolution over an area of 40,000square nautical miles, an area roughly the size of the state

of Illinois, in one day.

Tre da or long-enduranceWThe technical breakthroughs that support UAV design

and development have taken place in the areas ofunsteady aerodynamics, controls, aerospace materials,

sensors, secure communications, and microcomputers.Research currently underway in the Aeronautics Research

Center is adding to this important technology base.

In this issue:

Lead article: Research Activity in Support ofUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) at the AeronauticsResearch Center (pages I -3)

Department Research News (page 4-5)Publications and Presentations (pages 5-7)



USAFA Discovew #2000-03 (Jul-Sep 00)

The USAF, NASA , and the Defense

Advanced Research Projects Agency

(DA RPA ) are jointly developing the

Boeing X-45, the first U.S. unmanned

combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) which

is set to fly in early 2001. The UCAV,

pictured below, features stealth

technology and will carry multiple,

advanced, precision-guided munitions

to be used in the suppression of enemy

air defenses.

The Predator drag-reduction studies

gave rise to questions about the

stability and control implications of

proposed modifications. Wind tunnel

tests performed by two USAFA cadets

indicated that the fixed and faired

landing gear would not cause Predator

any stability and control problems.

These stud ies prompted requests by the

UAV Battle Lab to study in FY 2001

the stability and control implications of

a variety of proposed external stores

for Predator.

Boeing 3j-4.50 %manned ?redo for 9 r a g 9educiio n

Cornba .5Z~rial e h i c l ~ W i n d T u n n ~ l o d e l

USAFA UAV Research

Advanced UAV DesignDrag Reduction Studies on Predator

UAV In November 1999, the U A V Battle

In 1998 a series of experimental

investigations to evaluate the drag-

reducing potential of several proposed

modifications to the Predator UAVwere conducted in support of the Air

Combat Command's UAV Battle Lab.

Wind tunnel stud ies conducted by three

cadet teams evaluated numerous gear

and fairing configurations and

determined that the configuration with

fixed and faired main gear and a

retracted nose gear gave the best

tradeoff of low drag, low maintenance,

and minimal obstruction of sensor

fields of view. This configuration had

only slightly m ore drag than the currentretracted-gear configuration, and

offered the important advantages of

reduced actuator monitoring and

maintenance costs, plus increased

internal fuselage volume available for

sensors or fuel. Th e success of these

studies prompted the UAV Battle Lab

to request further landing gear studies

in FY 2001. They also asked USAFA

to study shapes for drag-reducing

fairings for Predator's "skyball" optical

Lab asked the Department of

Aeronautics aircraft design classes to

design, build, and fly two small UAV's

suitable for use by soldiers in the field.

These small aircraft were required to

fit, when folded into a compact

configuration, into a standard

infantryman's backpack, and to be light

enough to be carried by an average

soldier in addition to their normal field

gear and supplies. Both aircraft were

required to be deployed in total

darkness in field conditions and to

operate in near silenc e for 30 minutes.

I W O u~rfe rcnt payloads were

specified, so that thc Battle Lab could

know how payload size and wcight

influences aircraft size. The first

payload was a tiny 1-ouncc visual

spectrum video camera and associated

downlink transmitter. Thc aircraft

designed to carry this payload was the"Pecping Tom" as shown below ccnter

The second payload was a 2-pound

infrared video camera and data

downlink, thc smallest IR video system

available at the tirnc. The aircraft

designed to carry this system was

called " M,O.T.H.R.AW for Mobile

Over-The-Hill Rcconnaissancc

Aircraft. The figurc below shows an

artist's conccpt of MOTHRA flyingover the USAF Academy.

%rfiCrf'sConcepf of

% O m ackpack

Whereas the Pecping Tom was

relatively small, spanning only 28

inches and weighing less than 2

pounds, MOTHRA was significantly

larger, with a 5-foot wingspan and

weighing 5 pounds. Both aircraft were

electric powercd and were constructed

of carbon fibcr-epoxy skins over

styrene foam cores. At this writing, thcPecping Tom has flown only once and

MOTHRA has not flown at all. Flight

tests of both aircraft will bc performed

as part of Spring 2001 design coursc

requirements.

Unsteady Aerodynaniics of Rapidly

Pitching UCA V

This project investigates thc

characteristics and potential benefitssensor turret. "C;u,cying%rn" Backpack



USAFA Discovew #2000-03 (Jul-Sep (

achieved through control of thedynamic lift generated during a rapidpitch-up maneuver of a generic

unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV)

configuration pictured on the following

page.

By precisely controlling themaneuver, it is possible to avoiddynamic stall and to produce, for ashort duration, lift coefficients higherthan the static stall lift coefficient.This increased lift can be exploited forincreased aircraft maneuverability thatcan lead to increased lethality andsurvivability. Because UC AV's are

unmanned, they are particularly well

suited to such increases inmaneuverability since they can sustain

high "g" loads without human factorconcerns.

Experimental investigations arefocused on understanding the dynamiclift due to unsteady symmetric pitchmotions and the performance benefitsgained from these maneuvers. Theprogram will eventually transitionthese wind tunnel exp eriments to flighttests. There are significant changes invelocity during unsteady maneuversthat cannot be duplicated correctly in awind tunnel, so flight-testing becomesimportant. Furthermore, flight testseliminate wind tunnel effects due towalls and blockage caused by themodel. In addition, the aircraft centerof rotation can change duringmaneuver, leading to changes in pitch-induced camber and aircraftperformance. To date the dynamicpitch mechanism has been constructedand successfully tested in the LowSpeed Wind Tunnel, allowing forceand moment measurements of the

UCAV model under dynamicconditions. This effort will takeadvantage of a separate UAVBattlelab-Aeronautics Research Centerprogram to develop a flight control andtelemetry system for in-flightexperiments.

Computational investigations of theUCAV are also being performed tocomplement the experim ental invest-

. . t

I I '

: . 1:.' ;<, f, ; . .

. . .'>:, . . .

. . : -3 Dynamic Lift Research, : .. , j

Unpiloted Combat Air. 1 : . , Vehicle Mach 0.9

igation of the dynamic lift phenomena.Computational predictions provide a

view of the important threedimensional flowfield events that are

taking place. The fluid motion over theUCAV can be "seen" thereby allowingdetailed analysis of the underlying flowphys ics. It is the combination ofexperiment, computational simulation,and flight test that make this a uniqueprogram.

Flight Control Laws and Flying TestBed

Currently an analytical andcomputational investigation of the

flight control laws that is particularlywell suited for small, highlymaneuverable UAV's is underway.This project will include thedevelopmen t of a hardware-in-the-loopUAV simulator that will allow a"virtual" flight test using newlydeveloped flight control algorithms andhardw are. Finally, a radio-controlledaircraft that will serve as a "flyingwind tunnel" UAV test bed will bedeveloped to support the testing of new

flow control devices such as rapidlypitching control surfaces and pulsed jetactuators. The on-board flight contro lsystem will provide telemetry so that aground station will be able to monitorthe influence of the flow controldevices on aircraft performance.

Summary

A wide range of research activity i

currently being conducted in th

Aeronautics Research Center in suppo

of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Th

research is supporting both existin

systems such as the Predator and newsystems that are being considered fofuture air warfare roles such as th

"backpack UAV's." In addition tapplied research, the AeronauticResearch Center is also conducting basiresearch on the unsteady aerodynamiphenomena associated with rapidlpitching UA V's. Finally , investigationthat involve wind tunnel experiment

flight testing, and computationpredictions will be used to evaluate new

flow control devices to increase thmaneuve rability of future UAV systemAll of this work is adding to thtechnology base supporting UA V's whilproviding cadets and faculty witmeaningful research experience anopportunities for professionadevelopment.

For more information, contact:

Dr. Aaron ByerleyHQ USAFAIDFAN

2354 Fairchild DriveUSAF Academy CO 80840Aaron.Byerlev@,usafa.af.mil(719) 333-3436

FOR AM ERICAN AND

COM PARAT IVE DEFENSE

STUDIES

On 30 August 200 0, the Dean of

the Faculty formally approved theestablishment of the Posvar Center.The Center's m ission is:

To develop, sustain, and enhance

Am erica's future Air Force leaders'

understanding and appreciation of

American and comparative defense

and national security policy through

education and research.



USAFA Discovery #2000-03 (Jul-Sep 00) 4

Deparfment Research News

Posvar Chair in Political Science.The Center's goal is to be a part

of the mainstream of the Air Force

AFRL-WPAFB, was procured and

transported to USAFA by Dr. Mike

Wilcox and Lt Col Pat Bradshaw, DFB.To meet strict environmental constraints,

a specially-designed room (GP133) was

constructed by 10 ABW CE throughsupport by both AFOSR and Brig Gen

Wag ie. With maintenance funding

provided by DF, the microscope was

Academ y's cadet and academic life. : brought on-line after a two-year effort.

This will be accomplished through 'CICOm nr %u& using d7EW

Center-sponsored lectures,

conferences, independent studies

and summer research projects, as

well as interaction with otherUSAFA Centers.

Immediate goals for the Center

include the hiring of a recognizedexpert and scholar in the field of

American and comparative defense

studies to fill the Posvar Chair. TheCenter also is working on co-

sponsoring, with the Central

Intelligence Agency, a conferenceon "Intelligence: Policy and Process

in the New Century" tentatively

scheduled for Fall 2001 . If youwould like more information on the

Posvar Center, feel free to contactLt Col Brenda Vallance in DFPS .

D e ~ a r t m e n tf Biology

Scanning Electron Microscopy nowavailable at USAFA

LtCol Edward T. Unangst, Jr. andDr. Michael Wilcox

On 8 September 2000, Col Klayton,

USAFA Vice-Dean, dedicated the new

USAFA scanning electron microscope

in ribbon cutting ceremonies held in

the Department of Biology.

A JEOL 2000FX Scanning1Transmission Electron Microscope

(STEM), retired by the Materials Lab

Wagn$cufion of aflyS b rain fa k ~ n

wi fb fhe ~canning/C/ransmission

E/eciron Wicros cope (dT6W)

The resolution limit for thisinstrument is the width of a single

carbon atom, 2.3 A. An Angstrom (A)is 10.'' meter s, which equates to one

ten billionth of a meter! With thisdevice, one can see individual atoms.However, the real strength of the

instrument is in its analytical capability.

The device is now operational and

being used for within-institution

projects. Cadets and faculty arecurrently imaging the smallest of

objects, individual atoms, and viewingthe world through 200,000 Volts.

Ideally, the microscope will beavailable as government-furnished

equipment for faculty and cadets to

accomplish DoD-related research.

Examples of current and potential use

of the instrument include glaucoma

research by Dr. Wilcox and C1C Omar

Kadri, laser damage assessment by Dr.

John Obringer and C2C Jared Paslay,

and biomimetics modeling of the ey

by Dr. Wilcox and Cl C Tim

Lamabie. The Department oBiology invites all prospective

researchers and faculty members to

come view the newest USAFAtechnology. Only the researche

limits its potential applications.

3 4 t h E d u c a ti o n G r o u p

During Summer 2000, the 34th

Education Group sponsored two

cadets for summer research. C1 CJanene L. Drummer spent six week

at the Air Mobility CommandHeadquarters Historian's Office

located at Scott AFB Illinois. Sh

was assigned and completed he

research project, which was to create

a chronological history of the C-9Aaeromedical evacuation aircraft -part of a series of chronologies on

aircraft in the AM C inventory. Shealso had the opportunity to ride an F-

15 , a C-9A, and a KC-135. C1CChristopher G. Seaman was assigned

to the Air Force Doctrine Center aMaxwell AFB Alabama and

participated in the development othe new "Aerospace Commander's

Handbook ." Both had exceptionaresearch and Air Force experiences

to help prepare them for their officecareers.



L

USAFA Discov ew #2000-03 (Jul-Sep 00)

D e p a r t m e n t of Mathemat ica lNotably, his wave equation, the

SciencesPublications and

solutions to which prompted Dirac'sdiscovery of a new particle - the

Presentations

Ms. Deborah Arangno, has recently

accomplished research worthy of note.The research proposed a new paradigmfor universe dynamics based onentropy and Dirac's radical particle

theory. The theory proposedcontradicts the current conventionalthinking that the universe is expanding

at an increasing rate by offering theidea of transpired-event phenomenonwhere time itself is accelerating.

Under this theory, the universe

would be expanding at a rate that is

getting slower and would eventuallyreach an equilibrium state. Theresearch combines cosmology, physics,

and mathematics with philosophy andtheology demonstrating interestingcross-disciplinary ties. Its abstract isincluded below.

positive electron, or "positron" -involved the relativistic Hamiltonian,

which is essential to o ur form ulation ofentropy, which the author calls the"intrinsic factor". This paper discussesthe dynam ics of the Universe, from thegeneration of the first particle pair assuggested by Dirac, to the implication

of the negative energy space, known as

the "Dirac Sea", to the app lica tion ofthe laws governing energy-matter

duality, and Peano's space-Jilling curveas a model for the propagation ofmatter through the void, all within thecontext of entropy, and the principle oftime-space coupling.

The scientific community iscurrently misinterpreting astronomical

data to conclude the Universe isexpanding at a faster rate. Althoughinitially misled by these empirical

34th Education Group

Publications:

SMITH, J. M. "AerospaceProfessionalism Across the

Academy: Focusing on USAFA's

Fou r Products." USAFA Edu cator,Fall 2000.

SMITH, J. M . ed. Search ing for

National Security in an NBC World.

INSS Book Series, July 2000.

SMITH, J. M. "War Powers, PeacePowers: Presidential Prerogative andMilitary Operations Other ThanWar." National Security StudiesQuarterly, Summ er 2000.

Presentations

observations, cosmologists willeventually realize that m easurements - SCHMIDT , M. D. "Iris Closure for

correctly interpreted so as to account LCD Video Projectors."

for what the author refers to as the International Planetarium S ociety,

transpired-event phenomenon - Montreal Conferen ce, Summer 2000.

indicate that time itself is thatdimension, rather than space, which is

SMITH, J. M . "USAFA's

accelerating.Contribution to Aerospace

We c0nc1ude7 Leadership." Executiverelativistically, that the Universe is

Commissioning Comm ittee M eeting,expanding at a slower rate. The paper

9% 9e bo ra h %rangno discusses the dynam ics of this process Kirtland AFB, NM, 2 4 July 2000.

and proposes that a static state must beEntrow & A Of Universe

reached, what can be understood as anSMITH, J. M. "Developing

Dvnamics equilibrium that must occur (takingAerospace Strategists." USAF

into account the facts concerningSchool of Advanced Aerospace

Abstract for a Creationist's View ofrelativistic relation bemeen length Studies IPT, Washington DC, 18

Cosmologycontraction and time dilation). The

July 2000.

A robust theory pertaining to the

origins, dynamics, propagation, andb r e o f the U niver se is suggested.The radical particle theory, advanced

by P.A.M. Dirac in 1928, resulted inthe eventual discovery of certainparticles, and the evolution of

elementary particle physics.

paper also suggests why data may bemisconstrued to suggest the contrary.The general dynamics of the

gravitational processes subsequent toreaching the equilibrium event of theUniversal static state is described, and

its implications with respect to thefuture of the Cosmos.

Departmen t of Aeronautics

Publications:

GUY , Y., J. Morrow , and T.McLaughlin. "E xperimental Study ofa Delta Wing with Upper and LowerFlaps." 18th AIAA A ppliedAerodyn amics Conference, AIAA2000-4003, August 2000.



USAFA Discover?, #2000-03 (Jul-Sep 00)

MITC HELL , T., D. Barberis, and P.Department of Chem istry

Molton. "Experimen tal Studies of Publications:Control Techniques for

Incompressible 3 -D Separation and YEAT ES, A., John S. Wilkes., andVortex Breakdown." AIAA Douglas S. Dudis. "Nonlinear

Conference Procedings, August Optical Properties of the Salts of2000. Diffuse Anions." Proc. 45th SPIE

Conference, August 2000.YEC HOU T, T., T. Nettleblad, and C.

Johnston. "X-38 'Mid-Rudde r' and Presentations:'Speedbreak' Evaluation." DFAN T R

00-03, September 2000.

YEC HOU T, T., C. Johnston, T.

Nettleblad, and R. Van Dy ken. "X-

38 Rudder Control and Speedbrake

Performance Analysis for a Mid-

Rudder Configuration." Dept ofAeronautics Report, September

2000.

GAMM ON, S., James F.Blankenship, Mathew J. Sandelier,

and Ronald C. Marks.

"Implementation and Features of a

New Internet Based Homework

System." Biennial Chemical

Education Conference, Ann Arbor,

MI, July 2000.

Department o f ElectricalPresentations:

Engineering

BYERLEY, A., R . Butler, K. Van

Treuren, and J. Baughn. "Th e EffectPublications:

of Turbulence ~ e n ~ t hcale on LPT

Blade Heat Transfer." Proc - MILLIGAN, M . "Implementing

Minnowbrook I11 - Boundary LayerCOTS Opesn Systems Technology

Transition, Blue Mountain L ake,on AWACS." CrossTalk: Journal of

NY, August 2000.Defense S oftware Engineering, 1319,

September 2000.

MCLAUG HLIN, T., S. Morton, J.

Morrow , and S. Siegel. "UnsteadyNEAL, P. and Linda G. Shapiro. "A

Symb olic Representation for 3-DComputational and Experime ntal

Investigation of an Unmann edObject Feature Detection."

Combat Air Vehicle ExperiencingInternational Conference on Pattern

Dynamic Lift." AFOSR ProgramRecognition, September 2000.

Review, Monterey, CA, September

2000.Department o f History

Department of Biology

Publications:

Publications

ABA DI, J. "The Quest for Foreign

Policy and National Security of

WUNDER, B. and E. Unangst. "UseQatar," und er review by Journal of

of EM-SCAN to Determine BodyMideast and South Asian Studies,

Composition in Previously FrozenOctober 2000.

Specimens." IN: Life in the Cold, G.

Heldnlaier & M. Klingenspor (eds),ABA DI, J. "Ethnicity and Religion

in Israeli Politics: The E mergenc e ofSpringer-Verlag Publishers.

the Shas Party." A ccepted as chapter

AB AD I, J. "Constraints and

Adjustments in Portugal's policy

toward Israel," accepted by

International History Review.

AB AD I, J. "Constraints and

Adjustments in Greece's Relationswith Israel," accepted by

Mediterranean Quarterly.

ABA DI, J. "Constraints and

Adjustments in Sweden's

Relations with Israel," accepted by

Middle Eastern Studies.

ABADI, J. "Constraints and

Adjustments in Libya's Relations

with Israel," accepted by Journal of

Conflict Studies.

AB AD I, J. "The Road to the

Israeli-Moroccan Rapproachment,"

accepted by Journal of NorthAfrican Studies.

ABA DI, J. "lsrael's Relations with

Azerbaijan and the Muslim States

of Central Asia," under review by

Central Asian Survey.

RUFFLEY, D.L. "Children ofSoviet Victory, Founders of

Russian Future: Young Soviet

Specialists and the Evolution of

Russian Society, 1965- 1982"

Doctoral Dissertation successfully

defended at Ohio State University,

August 2000; Ph.D. degree

awarded 3 1 Aug 2000

Conferences

Witzel, M.D., New Faculty Boot

Cam p, Leadville CO, July 2000

Department of Management

Presentat ions:

BA RKE R, J. "Writing Critical

Ethnography." A cademy of

Management Convention, Toronto,

ON, August 2000.in edited anthology.



USAFA Discovery #2000 -03 (Jul-Sep (

HORNYAK, M . "Th e Affective Side

of Learning." Academy of

Management National Meeting,

August 2000.

Department of M athematicalSciences

Publications:

WAR NER, B. and J. Anderson.

"Trees, Nets, Matches and

Mushrooms." DFMS TR, 00-02, June

2000.

Presentations:

SCHO OFF, R. "Th e Considerationof Multiple Objectives in US

Engagement Strategies." Int'l Conf

on Systems Engr in Decision Making,

Charlottesville, VA, June 2 000.

Department of Physics

Publications:

HAALAND, R . and S. Dudley. "The

Poynting Vector and Power in a

Simple Circuit." Am. J. Ph ysics, Vol68, September 2000.

LE, G., W. Goedecke, C .T. Russell,

and F. Chun. "Magnetosphere on May

11, 1999, the Day the Solar W ind

Almost Disappeared." Geophysical

Research Letters, V ol 27 , No 14, July

2000.

PATTERSON, E. "Just-in-Time

Teaching (JiTT)." Project

Kaleidoscope Keystone Workshop,July 2000.

PATTERSON, E. and G. Novak.

"Chapter 2: JiTT and Physlets."

Physlets: Teaching with Interactive

Curricular Mat, August 2000.

TOM ME, E., D.A. Law, B.M.

Annaratone, and J.E. Allen.

"Parabolic Plasma Sheath Potentials

and their Implications for the C harge

on Levitated Dust Particles."

Physical Review Letters, Vol 85, No12, September 2000.

Presentations:

KRA USE, L. "C ontributions of

Undergraduate Student Space

Systems Design Courses to Progress

in Real-World Space Research:

Motivationg the Youth." AAPT

Summ er Meeting, Ontario, Canada,

August 2000.

KRAU SE, L. "Instruction of Three-

Dimensional Time-Varying Systems

with Non-Immersive Virtual

Reality." AAPT Summer Meeting,

Ontario, Canada, August 2000.

KRAUSE, L.,D. Knipp, B.K.

Dichter, and K.P. Ray. "The

Relationship Between DSC S I11 B-7

Surface Charging and Geomag netic

Activity Indices." IEEE 20 00

Nuclear and Space Rad Effects Conf,Reno, NV, July 2000.

KRAU SE, L., D. Knipp, B. Dichter,

and K. Ray . "Th e Relationship

Between DSCS I11 Sunlight Surface

Charging and Geomagnetic Activity

Indices." IEEE 2000 Nuclear and

Space Rad Effects Conf, Reno, NV,

July 2000.

PATTERSON, E. "Just-in-Time

Teaching (JiTT)." AAPT SummerMeeting 2000, Guelph, Ontario, CA ,

July 2000.

TAKEK OSHI, T., B. Patterson, and

R. Knize. "O ptical Trapping of

Ultracold Molecules." Am. C hem.

Society 200th N ational Meeting,

Washington, DC, August 2000.

Departm ent of Political

Science

Publications:

BOLT , P. China an d SoutheastAsia's Ethnic C hinese. September

2000.

GOSE, M. "Never at War."

Contemporary Security Policy, July

2000.

HA LL, G. "B e Careful What You

Ask For." International Studies

Perspec tives, 112, August 200 0.

HALL , G., S. Lambert, and J.Cappello. "US Counterproliferation

Strategy for a New Century."

Search ing for National S ecurity in an

NBC W orld, September 2000.

MU RRA Y, D. "Leading University-

Wide C hange: Defining New Roles

for the Dep artment Chair." The

Department Chair, 1111, August

2000.

PILC H, F. "Security and Refugees:

Dilemmas, Crises, and Debates."Refuge: Canad a's Periodical on

Refugees, 1911, August 2000.

Presentations:

CAR RES E, P. "Montesquieu and the

Spirit of Modernity." American

Political Scien ce Association,

Washington, D.C., September 2000.

COL ETT A, D. "A New Solution to

the Chain Store Paradox." AmericanPolitical Science A ssociation,Was hington, D.C., September 2000.

MOR RISON, J. "James Wilson,

Thom ism, and the Founding."

American Political Science

Association, Washington, D.C.,

September 2000.



USAFA Research Points'-Of Contact

To learn more about research at the United States Air Force Academy, we encourage you to visit our Web site at www.usafa.af.milldfe. If you want to focus on a

particular department or effort you might want to contact the associated Department Research Director. Each phone extension is preceded by (719)-333

HQ USAFAIDFER

2354 FAIRCHILD DR., SUITE 4K25

USAF ACADEMY CO 80840-6200

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.....................................................OFFICIAL BUSINESS ONLY

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usafa discovery, research activity in support of unmanned aerial vehicles (uav) at the aeronautics...

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