use of ethylenediurea (edu) as a research tool in assessing the impact of ambient ozone on plants...
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Use of ethylenediurea (EDU) as a research tool in assessing the impact of ambient
ozone on plants
Madhoolika AgrawalProfessor in Botany
Department of BotanyBanaras Hindu University,
Varanasi-221 005, India
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Impact of ozone on plants
Higher levels of ozone cause
• Foliar injury
• Accelerate senescence
• Decrease plant growth
• Alter plant metabolism
• Reduce crop yield
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Assessment of O3 injury on plants using EDU
• Ethylenediurea (N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolidinyl) ethyl]- N’ phenylurea; EDU)
• Synthetic chemical
• Provides protection to wide range of plants from O3 injury without confounding effects of its own
• Allows assessment of yield losses
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EDU as a tool to assess ozone injury on mungbean plants
• EDU solution (400 ppm) @ 100 ml plant-1 as soil drench, one week after seedling emergence, at interval of 10 days up to 70 days
• Mean ozone concentration 60 ppb
• From March to June 2006
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O3 Concentration Exceeding 50, 60, 70 And 80 ppb During The Experimental Period (April To June 2006)
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Effect of EDU treatment on weight and number of seeds and pods of mungbean plants
Weight (g plant-1)
0
2
4
6
8
Seed Pod
Number (plant-1)
0
50
100
150
200
Non-EDU EDU
*****
***
**
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EDU as a tool to assess ozone injury on wheat plants
• EDU (150, 300 and 450 ppm) at 10 days interval after germination up to 100 days age
• Mean ozone concentration 43 ppb
• From December 2002 to April 2003
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O3 CONCENTRATIONS EXCEEDING 40, 50 AND 60 ppb DURING THE EXPERIMENTAL PERIOD
Ho
urs
exc
eed
ing
Date of observation
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EDU treatment (ppm)
Yie
ld (g
pla
nt-1
)
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Malviya 533Malviya 234M 533: 8.95+ 0.51x; r = 0.30, NS
M 234: 6.77+2.08x; r = 0. 65, p<0.01
Non EDU 150 ppm 300 ppm 450 ppm
Relationship between concentrations ofEDU and yields of wheat cultivars
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EDU as a tool to assess ozone injury on palak plants
• EDU (200, 300 and 400 ppm) at 10 days interval after germination up to 60 days age (100 ml)
• Mean ozone concentration 64 ppb
• From 15th April to 15th June 2007
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Non EDU 200 ppm EDU 300 ppm EDU 400 ppm EDU
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Effect of EDU treatment on fresh leaf weight of palak plants
Fre
sh le
af w
eigh
t (g
pla
nt-
1)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Non EDU 200 ppm 300 ppm 400 ppm
20 DAG 40 DAG 60 DAG
abb
c
a
bb
c
a
bb
a
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Effect of EDU treatment on shoot biomass of palak plants
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Comparison of yield of palak grown in filtered and non-filtered chambers and at different EDU treatments
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EDU as a tool to assess ozone injury on potato plants
• EDU (400 ppm) at 10 days interval after germination up to 110 days age (100, 150 and 200 ml)
• Mean ozone concentration 42 ppb
• From 30th October 2007 to 15th February 2008
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-28
-18
-8
2
12
22
32
42
52
62M
ean
ho
url
y N
Ox,
NO
an
d N
O2
con
c (p
pb
)
Nox
NO
NO2
July, 07 Aug, 07 Sept, 07 Oct, 07 Nov,07 Dec,07 Jan,08
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5
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
85M
ean
ho
url
y O
zo
ne c
on
c. (p
pb
)
July, 07 Aug, 07 Sept, 07 Oct, 07 Nov,07 Dec,07 Jan,08
40.61
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Effect of EDU treatment on fresh weight of tuber of potato plants
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Effect of EDU treatment on yield of potato plants
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Symptoms on potato leaves
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EDU Treated Non - EDU Treated
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EDU Treated Non - EDU Treated
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ConclusionsIn EDU –treated plants
• Enhancement in plant height, leaf area, biomass accumulation and yield
• Effect on plant growth varied with plants, cultivars, growth stage and concentrations of EDU
• Higher magnitude of protection to yield as compared to growth parameters (high concentration of O3 during anthesis period)
• Higher magnitude of protection to sensitive than resistant cultivar
• Greater protection during summer as compared to winter season in palak
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General Conclusions
• EDU can be successfully used for assessing O3 induced changes in plants under ambient field conditions
• EDU can be used as a tool in biomonitoring programme to map O3 injury in plants especially in developing countries (major constraints: continuous electricity and non-availability of monitoring equipments)
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