use of facts for system performance improvement · high voltage power transmission and distribution...

High Voltage

Power Transmission and Distributions

Günther Beck Wilfried Breuer

Dusan Povh Dietmar Retzmann

Use of FACTS for SystemPerformance Improvement

PTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 2

Power Transmission and Distribution

High Voltage

Transmission SystemsBottlenecks in 1.

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High Voltage

Source: National Transmission Grid Study; U.S. DOE 5/2002 – “Preview”

System Enhancement necessary !

Source: ITC 8/2003 – “Blackout”

* PTDF = Power Transfer Distribution Factor

*

If Power Flow exceeds the Design Criteria: Blackout

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High Voltage

G

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Today: Tomorrow:

Perspectives of T&D Network Developments

Use of Dispersed Generation

Load Flow will be “fuzzy”

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High Voltage

Elimination of Bottlenecks 2.by using Power Electronics

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High Voltage

Load Displacement by Series Compensation

Load Management by HVDC

Short-Circuit Current Limitation for Connection of new Power Plants

The FACTS & HVDC “Application Guide”

SVC & HVDC for Prevention of Voltage Collapse

Elimination of Bottlenecks in Transmission -Prevention of Overloads and Outages

* PTDF = Power Transfer Distribution Factor

*

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High Voltage

Power Transmission - The basic Equation

VV11 VV22

VV11 VV22

Parallel Compensation

XX

XX

Series Compensation

sin (sin (δ 1 - δ 2)

Power-Flow Control

PP

PP ==

G ~ G ~

Each of these Parameters can be used for Load-Flow Control and Power Oscillation Damping

,, δ 2,, δ 1

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High Voltage

VL

V1V2

δ

1st Step: Influence of Series Compensation

PPVV11

XXG ~ G ~

,, δ1II

VV22,, δ2

where VV11 = VV22 , δ = δ1 - δ2

V V 22

XXPP == sinsin δ

VC

V1 V2

δwithout Compensation

with Compensation

-- XXCC

Series Compensation

BenefitsReduction of Transmission AngleIncrease of Transmission Capacity

XXCC

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High Voltage

Variation of the Degree of Series Compensation

0

0.5

P (pu)

δ (pu)90o

1.0

1.5

180o

k = 0k = 0k = 0.2k = 0.2

k = 0.33k = 0.33

V V 22

XXPP == sinsin δ

XXCC = = k k XX

Stability Limit

-- XXCC

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High Voltage

The Result - Getting more Power out of the Grid

PP--IncreaseIncrease

δ (pu)45o 90o0

P (pu)

0.5

1.0

δ--ReductionReduction k = 0k = 0

kk--IncreaseIncrease

Stability Limit

The Options for System Stability Planning

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High Voltage

2nd Step: Improvement of Voltage Profile with SVC

230 kV - 300 km

V1

Grid

with SVC

a) b) c) d)1.2

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.8

V2

V2N

The maximal Voltage ControlRange depends on:

a) Heavy Load

b) Light Load

c) Outage of 1 Line(at full Load)

d) Load Rejectionat Bus 2

System Conditions:

SVC

V2

Load

(var. Slope)

QSVC/SCP *

without SVC

* SCP = Short-Circuit Power (System MVA)

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High Voltage

FACTS - Examples

of ApplicationsPTD H 1MT / Re 07-2006 12

Getting more Power out of the Grid


3.

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High Voltage

Benefits:o Improvement of Voltage Qualityo Increased Stability

400 kV, 50 Hz400 kV, 50 Hz

Voltage Control Reactive Power ControlPower Oscillation DampingUnbalance Control (Option)

19912 parallel SVCs

Deregulation caused Transmission Problems

Europe: UK goes ahead with FACTS - 27 SVCs

Pelham Substation

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High Voltage

UK - Benefits of SVC

The Transmission System:

Benefits

Results of Dynamic System Tests:a) No SVC connectedb) Both SVCs in

Voltage Control Modec) Both SVCs in Power

Oscillation DampingModeHarker: 2 SVCs

Verified by Computer and Real-Time Simulation

Fully confirmed bySite Experience

Increase of Transmission Capacity

Prevention of Outages

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High Voltage

SVC Funil 230 kV, 200 MVAr cap. /100 MVAr ind.Control Building Installation

2001

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High Voltage Essential for enhanced Grid Access of the HVDC

2004Verified by Computer and Real-Time Simulation …

… fully confirmed by Site Experience

HVDC and FACTS in parallel Operation

SVC Siems - Germany: Support of HVDC Baltic Cable

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High Voltage

500 kV TCSC Serra da Mesa, Furnas/Brazil –Essential for Transmission

Current Control Impedance ControlPower OscillationDamping (POD)Mitigation of SSR(Option)

Benefits:o Increase of Transmission Capacityo Improvement of System Stability

Up to 500 PODOperations per Dayfor saving the System Stability

A System Outage of 24 hrs would cost 840,000 US$ *

* 25 US$/MWh x 1400 MW x 24 hrs

1999

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High Voltage

Fengjie 500 kV Fixed Series Compensation, China 2x 610 MVAr - Line Compensation Level 35%

… Example Barberton –RSA*, 2003

How to “loop” the FSC into the Line …

Commercial Operation in June 2006

Enhancement of Chinas “Central Transmission Corridor”

quite easyPower Outage between 1 & 3 Daysonly

* RSA = Republic of South Africa

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High Voltage

FACTS & HVDC worldwide – Example Siemens

SeriesFSC

NGH

TPSC

TCSC

2, 2 Tian Guang 2003Kayenta 1992

Serra de Mesa 1999Imperatriz 1999

Fortaleza 1986••

•

•Samambaia 2002

•

Virginia Smith 1988

•Welsh 1995

•Acaray 1981

•••Dürnrohr 1983

Etzenricht 1993Wien Südost 1993

•

Bom Jesus da Lapa 2002

•

Limpio 2003

•

Ibiuna 2002

•3 Vincent 2000

•Jacinto 2000

•Funil 2001

2 Pelham, 2 Harker, 2 Central, 1991-1994

•Clapham 1995,Refurbishment

•

Atacama 1999

•

P. Dutra 1997

•Cerro Gordo 1999

•Chinú 1998

•Impala

•2 Adelanto 1995

•

•3 Montagnais 1993

•

2 Kemps Creek 1989

•Brushy Hill 1988

•

•

Campina Grande 2000

2 Zem Zem 1983

•

••

•

•

Rejsby Hede 1997

•Sullivan 1995

•Paul Sweet 1998 •

Inez 1998

•

2 Marcy 2001-2003

Military Highway 2000

•Kanjin (Korea) 2002

•

Lugo 1985

Laredo 2000

•

Spring Valley 1986

••IllovoAthene•

Muldersvlei 1997

•

2 Tecali 20023 Juile 2002

•Barberton 2003•

Maputo 2003

• Milagres 1988

• 2 Yangcheng 2000

•2 Hechi 2003

•

•

Eddy County 1992

2 Dominion 2003

2 Chuddapah 20032 Gooty 2003

•

Lamar 2005

2 Midway 2004 Seguin 1998•

1994-1995

Porter 2006Dayton 2006

Nine Mile 2005

ParallelSVC

MSC/R

.

.Moyle MSC 2003Willington 1997

Hoya Morena,Jijona 2004

.Baish 2005,Samitah 2006 .

K.I. North 2004

Kapal 1994

Ghusais,Hamria,Mankhool, Satwa

1997

.

Siems 2004

Cano Limón 1997

• 2006

••

2, 2 Purnea2, 2 Gorakhpur

•

••• Châteauguay 1984

Ahafo 2006•

•

2 Lucknow 2006

•

3 Puti 2005

• Iringa, Shinyanga 2006

3, 2 El Dorado2006

STATCOMFlicker STATCOM

•

Radsted 2006

•

• 2 Sabah 2006

Nebo 2007,Refurbishment

9 Powerlink 2007,Refurbishment

Devers 2006

Benejama,Saladas 2006

La Pila 1999

•

•• •• ••

Plus 18 Projects for HVDC Long Distance Transmission …

8 alone between 2000 &2005 in 4 Continents

Jember 1994

Load FlowB2B/GPFC

UPFCCSC

•Nopala 2006

••

Sa o Luiz 2006Sinop 2006

2 Fengjie 2006•

… and over 110 Industry SVCs all over the World

Status: 12-2005 In total: over 150 SVCs

••

Strathmore 2007

2 x 1.7 GVAr !

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High Voltage

Thank You for your Attention!

… and the Lights will keep shining !

with with HVDCHVDC & &

FACTSFACTS fromfrom

SiemensSiemens

Conclusions4.

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High Voltage

Intelligent Solutions for Power Transmission

Thank You for your Attention!

with with HVDCHVDC & &

FACTSFACTS fromfrom

SiemensSiemens

use of facts for system performance improvement · high voltage power transmission and distribution...

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