use the carbon cycle diagram to answer questions...

7th Grade Finals Review Packet KEY Name__________________________

Use the Carbon Cycle diagram to answer questions 1-10

T 1. True or False:Carbon is necessary for living organisms to make organic compounds.

_F_2. True or False:People are able to make the carbon they need for their cells.

__T_3. True or False: Plants obtain inorganic carbon from the atmosphere during photosynthesis.

_T_4. True or False:All nutrient cycles consist of elements and involve living things at some point _T_5. Because of excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which is contributing to a global rise in Earth’s temperature, known as global warming.

6. How do plants obtain carbon?____photosynthesis_______

7. Why is Earth getting warmer?_burning fossil fuels increases carbon dioxide into the

atmosphere, which is a greenhouse gas (heat is trapped in the atmosphere)

8 . Burning of organic matter such as coal or oil releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This process is known as

a) respiration. b) consumption. c) combustion. d) decomposition.


9. When organisms die,what process returns their carbon back into the atmosphere?

a) respiration b) erosion c) combustion d) decomposition 10. All organic compounds contain the elements carbon and hydrogen Carbon dioxide is used by plants to produce glucose. This is an example of an inorganic form to an organic form. Characteristics of Life: Circle True or False for questions 11-14 11. True or False: The Earth is kept in orbit by the sun’s gravity 12. True or False: The Sun is a source of radiant energy that is changed to heat and organic materials 13. True or False: Water provides transportation for materials both in and out of cells, but not in multicellular organisms. 14. True or False: The four main elements that make up living organisms are: Carbon, Nitrogen, Helium and Hydrogen

15. Define Homeostasis. Maintaining a stable internal environment (such as temperature, water level, pH, sugar level in blood) 16. How do our bodies maintain a stable internal temperature? Shivering, sweating 17. What are the three parts to Cell Theory? All living things are made of cells Cells are the smallest building block of life All cells come from other cells 18. Euglena are single-celled protists that are naturally found in aquatic habitats. What is the origin of a new Euglena?

a. Generates from the nutrients in the water b. Uses sun’s energy to create the organic

materials c. Comes from another euglena d. Vacuole expands to make a new cell


19. The Euglena has organelles called chloroplasts. What is the function of chloroplasts?

a. Cellular respiration b. Photosynthesis c. Motion d. Control center

20. Where is the Euglena’s genetic material stored? nucleus 21. Cell structure and function. Fill out the chart below using your notes or pages 120-123

Cell Structure Function

Cell membrane Barrier between the inside of the cell and the cell’s environment

Nucleus Contains genetic information

Mitochondria Get energy through cellular respiration

Golgi complex Packages and distributes materials such as proteins

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Assists in the production, processing and transport of proteins and lipids

Ribosomes Build proteins

Cytoplasm Clear fluid which holds the organelles

Vacuole Storage

Label the cell, showing each of the above structures.


22.

List three similarities and three differences between plant and animal cells Same: 1 cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes

Different: plants have: chloroplasts, large central vacuole and a cell wall

23. A bacterium reproduces by splitting in two. This is a form of asexual reproduction called binary fission.. The new bacterium will contain genes that are: A. 0% the same as the parent B. 50% the same as the parent C. 100% the same as the parent. Explain. 24. What is one pro and one con of asexual reproduction? PRO: requires less energy, requires only one parent, con: no genetic variation 25. What are two other forms of asexual reproduction? Propagative regeneration, budding, regeneration


26. In this diagram a sperm cell joins with an egg cell. What form of reproduction is shown? sexual What is one pro and one con of sexual reproduction? The offspring will contain:

a. The best genes from both parents. b. The most genes from the mother c. 50% of its genes from both parents d. All of its genes from the father

27. The sperm and egg cells are produced by the __reproductive_ system. The production of these cells is controlled by the ___endocrine____system. 28. DNA------->Chromosome-------> Nucleus-----Cell Write a statement that includes these three terms, defining the relationship between them. DNA is wrapped into structures called chromosomes which are found in the nucleus of every cell. Heredity and Genetics Define the following: 29. Phenotype an organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristic

30. Genotype entire genetic make-up of an organism

31.Dominant the allele that is fully expressed whenever it is present in an individual

32. Recessive the allele that is expressed only when two recessives are present

33. Hybrid one of each dominant and recessive alleles


34. Purebred two dominant or two recessive alleles (BB or Bb)

35. Heterozygous one of each dominant and recessive alleles (Bb)

36. A rabbit has black fur. Black fur is dominant. What is the phenotype? Black fur What are the two possible genotypes?BB or Bb 37. The rabbit has a sister who has white fur. What is her phenotype?white fur What is her genotype?bb 38. How is it possible that two sibling rabbits could have two different colors of fur? If their parents are both hybrids 39. In the Punnett Square shown below, what letter(s) belong in the lower right box?

aa 40. One tall pea plant (TT) crosses with one short pea plant (tt). Show the crosses in the Punnett Square.

What percent of the offspring will be tall? 100% What percent of the offspring will be short? 0%


41. One cat carries heterozygous, long-haired traits and its mate carries homozygous short-haired traits. Create a Punnett square to determine the genotype of the possible offspring.

Offspring 1: Genotype _Hh_Phenotype__long hair_____ Offspring 2: Genotype _hh___Phenotype ___short hair______ Offspring 3: Genotype _Hh_Phenotype__long hair_____ Offspring 4: Genotype _hh___Phenotype ___short hair______

Use the diagram of the horse in order to answer questions

42. What system is being shown? digestive

43. What is the function of this system?break food down into pieces small enough to be

absorbed by cells


44. Put these in the order of smallest---> largest Digestive system, muscle tissue, horse, stomach, muscle cell Muscle cell-->muscle tissue-->stomach-->digestive system-->horse One characteristic of life is the ability to respond to a stimulus. Fill in the following chart:

Stimulus Response Internal or external stimulus

Weather getting colder Fur gets thicker External

45. Hand on hot stove Pull hand away External

46. Smell something good Salivation (mouth watering) External

47. (variety of answers) (variety of examples) Internal

Animals have three types of adaptations. Use your notes or your textbook to fill in the chart.

Adaptation Type of Adaptation How it helps the animal survive and/or reproduce

Example: Peacock’s elaborate mating dance

Behavioral Females only choose males who have the “best” dance to mate with.

48. Adrenaline pumping through the bloodstream raises the heart rate and pupils to dilate (fight or flight)

Physiological

Gives you energy to react to dangerous situation

49. Variety of answers Structural

Variety of answers

50. Dark fur Structural Dark furred mice blend in with the dark rock, reducing the risk of being seen by predators.

51. Migration of Monarch butterflies

Behavioral Find warmer environment with more food


52. variety

Physiological variety

53. Hollow bones of birds

structure flight

Directions:Fill in the blank with the one words shown below.

Phototropism Geotropism Tropism,

Thigmotropism Hydrotropism Turgor pressure

54. A change in a plant’s growth in response to a stimulus.______Tropism_________

55. A plant’s response to gravity._____Geotropism__________

56. A Force exerted on the cell wall of a plant when the vacuole is filled with water. Turgor pressure

57. A plant’s response to touch with another object. thigmotropism

58. A plant’s response to light.phototropism

59. A plant’s response to water.hydrotropism

Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection has 5 components. Use your textbook or note to find them.

60. Fill in the blank with the following words: Advantage mutation variation desirable There is variation between members of the Peppered moth species, meaning there are differences between the individuals in the population caused by mutations. Their natural habitat included the White Birch tree, which has white bark. In this habitat, the white winged variation is desirable meaning it gives the moth an advantage for survival.


61. Before the Industrial Revolution in England, the peppered moth was commonly found on tree trunks that had light-colored lichen on the bark. Most of the peppered moths were a light gray-brown color similar to that of the lichen. A few of the moths had a mutation that made them a dark gray-brown color.

During the Industrial Revolution, coal-burning factories produced black soot that covered the trees and killed the lichen in and near cities. In these areas the number of dark peppered moths increased, while the number of light peppered moths decreased. What contributed to this change?

a. The soot-covered trees camouflaged the dark moths. b. The dark moths preyed on the light moths. c. Bird populations increased in the areas near the factories. d. The dark moths laid fewer eggs than the light moths.

62. Lake Victoria in East Africa is home to many species of fish called cichlids. In 1954 the predatory Nile perch was introduced to Lake Victoria. The Nile perch became the dominant fish species in the lake by the mid-1980s. The number of cichlid species in the lake decreased as the Nile perch population increased. The perch preyed heavily on cichlid species that fed on algae and debris on the bottom of the lake. Algae in the lake increased, and oxygen levels decreased. The surface area of the gills of some cichlid species has increased in just over 20 years. Increase in Gill Surface Area in Some Lake Victoria Cichlids 1977 1999 Which statement explains the increase in gill surface area seen in some of Lake Victoria’s cichlids?


a. Increased gill surface area has allowed the cichlids to change their diet and avoid competing with the Nile perch.

b. Increased gill surface area has allowed the cichlids to be camouflaged and avoid being eaten by the Nile perch.

c. Increased gill surface area has allowed the cichlids to leave Lake Victoria and establish populations in nearby bodies of water.

d. Increased gill surface area has allowed the cichlids to better absorb the limited oxygen in the water.

63. The white-tailed ptarmigan lives at high elevations on mountains that receive a lot of snow in the winter. During the summer, the ptarmigans’ feathers are mottled brown. The birds lose the brown feathers and grow a new set of white feathers during the winter. Scientists are concerned that rising global temperatures will affect the white-tailed ptarmigan.

If global climate change leads to the elimination of snow in the habitat of white-tailed ptarmigans, which adaptation is most likely to occur over many generations?

a. Birds with white feathers in areas without winter snow will be easier for predators to find. Over time this could lead to white-tailed ptarmigans that have brown feathers throughout the years

b. Birds with brown feathers in areas without winter snow will be easier for predators to find. Over time this could lead to white-tailed ptarmigans that have white feathers throughout the year.

c. Birds with white feathers will be easier to see on the ground in the summer. Over time this could lead to white-tailed ptarmigans that have white feathers throughout the year.

d. Birds with brown feathers will be easier to see on the ground in the winter. Over time this could lead to white-tailed ptarmigans that have brown feathers throughout the year.


64. Use the dichotomous key above to identify: III:___pecan_____ V:____Magnolia_____

Body Systems: C 65. Circulatory a. Breaks food down into pieces small

enough for cells to use

D _66.Skeletal b. Responsible for the elimination of wastes

H 67. Integumentary c. Circulates blood and lymph through the body

F 68. Endocrine d. Provides support and structure

A 69 Digestive e. Sends messages throughout the body

G 70.Respiratory f. Creates hormones, the chemical messengers of the

body

B 71.Excretory g. Brings in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

E 72.Nervous h. Acts as a protective barrier


For questions 73-78, use the heart diagram in order to answer questions Underline the correct

answers:

73. Blood from the body enters the heart into the: right ventricle or right atrium

74. Blood from the body is: oxygenated or deoxygenated

75. Which chamber has the thickest muscles needed to pump oxygenated blood throughout the

entire body: left ventricle or right ventricle?

76. The chamber with oxygen poor blood: left atrium or right atrium

77. The organ responsible for oxygenating blood is: lungs or kidneys

78. The cells responsible for carrying oxygen are: red blood cells or white blood cells?

. 79. The Integumentary system consists of your hair, skin and nails. Explain how the circulatory and nervous systems are linked to the integumentary system. Capillaries in the dermis bring nutrients to the skin cells and nerves carry and deliver messages related to touch.


The Digestive System

1. What are the three main functions of the digestive system?

1. Break food down into smaller pieces 2. Change the chemical composition of molecules of food 3. Absorption of nutrients

2. Describe the two kinds of digestion:

Mechanical – physical breaking down of food into smaller pieces,

Give an example and explain how it is mechanical digestion -

Chewing with teeth, churning stomach: chemical composition is not changed

Chemical -composition of the molecules changes,

Give an example and explain how it is chemical digestion -

Stomach acid and enzymes chemically change molecules

3. What is peristalsis? Involuntary contraction of muscles within the digestive system, moving food along the

digestive tract

4. Where does most mechanical digestion take place?

Mouth and stomach

5. Where does most chemical digestion take place?

Small intestine

6. Why are villi so important in the digestive process?


Increased surface area allow for greater absorption of nutrients by the blood

7. What is the function of the teeth in the mouth?

Break food into smaller pieces that you are able to swallow

8. The stomach uses what chemicals to break down food?

Acid and enzymes

9. How does the liver contribute to the digestive system?

Produces bile which breaks down fats

10. What does the small intestine do?

Chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream

11. The large intestine has two main purposes or functions. What are they?

Absorbing nutrients and water

Excretory System

Using the diagram, fill in the missing information on the chart on

the next page


Part Function

A Kidneys filter blood - they eliminate urea,

excess water, and some other waste

materials

B Ureters Urine flows from the kidneys

through these two narrow tubes to

the urinary bladder

C Bladder

Stores urine.

D Urethra Urine exits the body through this

small tube

Endocrine System - Fill out this chart for each gland shown:

Gland Location Function

Thyroid Gland

neck

Controls rate at which the body produces energy from nutrients - known as your metabolism.

Adrenal Glands

Above the kidneys Helps to react to danger - fight or flight response

Regulates body’s response to:

● Stress ● Blood sugar levels


Pancreas

Above the large intestine stimulating the absorption of glucose in the liver and muscle tissue

Pituitary Gland

brain “Master Gland” regulates other glands in the endocrine system, also growth hormone

Matching: Match the type of joint with the description and example D Fixed joint a. One bone rotates around another bone (neck or wrist) E Pivot Joint b. The ball end of one bone fits into a cuplike cavity on another B Ball-and-socket c. One part of a bone slides over another bone (wrist) E Hinge joint d Allows little movement (skull) C Sliding joint e. Back and forth (knee or elbow) Working Together: Systems work together to maintain homeostasis (stable internal environment) Think about how systems work together. Use complete sentences in your explanation.

1. Remove wastes (3 systems) The integumentary system removes wastes like salt and urea through the process of sweating. The excretory system removes wastes like urea through urine. The respiratory system removes carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration 2. Provide movement of body (2 systems) Major muscle groups attach to bone in two places, allowing for movement through contacting and relaxing. 3. Bring oxygen to the cells (2 systems) Oxygen is brought into the body by the respiratory system. Red blood cells within capillaries pick up the oxygen in the alveoli. The oxygen rich blood is carried through the circulatory system throughout the body 4. You step on a thumb tack. Hopping on one foot, you cry out in pain! What three systems are working together? Give detail. Integumentary system: nerves within skin Nervous system: message taken through the nerves to the brain Muscular system: receives message from the brain

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