Useful resources on the Roma Holocaust

Introduction 3

Part One - Short Bibliography on the Roma Holocaust 4

Books and Articles 4

News on the Roma Holocaust 6

Films and Documentaries on the Roma Holocaust 7

Part Two - Organisations Working on the Roma Holocaust 8

Contents

2

Far too often, the Holocaust during WWII is associated merely with the Jewish persecution.

However, there is another genocide that is frequently forgotten; a genocide where hundreds

of thousands of Roma also fell victim and were too persecuted by the Nazi regime.

After centuries of persecution, Europe's Roma were also faced with the threat of extermina-

tion under the Nazi regime, because they were counter to ‘the norm’ as defined by the Nazis.

Throughout the Third Reich, Roma as well as other minority groups were subjected to perse-

cution and genocide. During this time, anti-ziganist legislation was passed in Germany de-

grading Roma to second-class citizens and depriving them of their civil rights. German au-

thorities subjected Roma to arbitrary internment, forced labour and mass murder as they were

officially recognised as ‘non-Aryan’ and ‘racially inferior’. The SS and police incarcerated

Roma in various concentration camps such as Auschwitz-Birkenau, Dachau, Dieselstrasse,

Sachsenhausen and elsewhere with the objective of eliminating all Roma in Europe. It is esti-

mated that between 220,000 - 1.5 million Roma were murdered (70-80% of the Roma popu-

lation in Germany, and approximately 25% of all of Europe’s Roma).

Even after the Holocaust and despite their long-term presence in Europe, Roma remain the

largest minority to suffer such large scale discrimination and persecution on the continent.

Living primarily on the margins of society, they face segregation and many obstacles in that

their everyday lives particularly in regards to education, employment, housing and

healthcare.

This booklet aims to provide information on Roma and non-Roma stakeholders whose work

focuses on the Holocaust and Roma related issues and also to raise awareness about the Ro-

ma Holocaust and share information about different sources on the topic. It is organised in

two parts; the first part includes a bibliography on the Roma Holocaust and sources dealing

with this topic. The second part includes names of organisations working on the Roma Holo-

caust or Holocaust victims in general.

This booklet has been produced as part of the project ‘Remembering the Forgotten Porajmos’

funded by the European Commission’s programme Europe for Citizens – Action 4 ‘Active

Remembrance’.

This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication [communication]

reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be

made of the information contained therein.

Introduction

3

Books and articles

——————————

Brand, S. (2001) Roma: During Two Inva-

sions. Philadelphia: Xlibris.

Brearley, M. (2002) The Persecution of

Gypsies in Europe. Violence & Abuse Ab-

stracts 8(2).

Eliot, J. (2008) Settela’s Last Road. Victoria

& Oxford: Trafford Publishing.

Gilad, M. (2002) Germany and its Gypsies.

Post Auschwitz Ordeal. Madison: The Uni-

versity of Wisconsin Press.

Greenstein, C. (2011) Berlin Holocaust Me-

morials as a Reflection of the German Gov-

ernment’s Attitudes Towards the Jews and

the Roma and Sinti, Furman University.

Hancock, I. (2000) Downplaying the

Porrajmos: The Trend to Minimize the Rom-

ani Holocaust. A review of Guenther Lewy.

The Nazi Persecution of the Gypsies. Ox-

ford: Oxford University Press.

Hancock, I. (2001) ‘Responses to the

Porrajmos: The Romani Holocaust’, in Ros-

enbaum, A. S. (ed.) Is the Holocaust

Unique? Perspectives on Comparative Gen-

ocide. Boulder CO: Westview Press.

Huub, B. (2011) Cultural Policy and the

governmentalization of Holocaust Remem-

brance in Europe: Romani memory between

denial and recognition. International Jour-

nal of Cultural Policy, 17(1) 1-17.

Isles, A. M. (2002) Porraimos: Europe’s

Gypsies in the Holocaust. New York: Cine-

ma Guild.

Kelso, M. (2010) Hidden History: Percep-

tions of the Romani Holocaust in Romania

Viewed Through Contemporary Race Rela-

tions. Anthropology of East Europe Review,

25(2) 44-61.

Kenrick D. (2006) Gypsies during the Se-

cond World War. Volume 3, The Final

Chapter. Hatfield: University of Hertford-

shire Press.

Kenrick, D. and Puxon G. (2009) Gypsies

Under the Swastika. Hatfield: University of

Hertfordshire Press.

Knesebeck, J. (2011) The Roma Struggle

for Compensation in Post – War Germany.

Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.

Lacompte, J-M. (2001) Teaching about the

Holocaust in the 21st century. Strasbourg:

Council of Europe Publishing.

Part 1 - Short Bibliography

on the Roma Holocaust

——————————————-

4

Lewy, G. (2000) The Nazi Persecution of

the Gypsies. Oxford: Oxford University

Press.

Loanid, R. (2000) The Holocaust in Roma-

nia: the Destruction of Jews and Gypsies

Under the Antonescu Regime, 1940 – 1944.

Chicago: Ivan R. Dee.

Milton, S. (2003) Hidden Lives: Sinti and

Roma Women, in Baer, E. R. and Golden-

berg, M. Experience and Expression: Wo-

men, The Nazis and The Holocaust. Detroit

– Michigan: Wayne State University Press.

Romani, R. (2006) The Roma and Sinti du-

ring the Holocaust and Today

(Remembrance and Beyond). UN Chronicle,

43(4).

Schulze, R. (2010) The Porrajmos: The

“Gypsy” Holocaust and the Continuing

Discrimination of Roma and Sinti after

1945. Colchester: University of Essex.

Schwartz, C. (2007) Gypsy Tears: Loving a

Holocaust Survivor. Brookline, NH:

Hobblebush Books.

Shapiro, P. A. and Ehrenreich R. M. (2002)

Roma and Sinti: Under–studied Victims of

Nazism: Symposium proceedings. Washing-

ton, D. C.: United States Holocaust Memo-

rial Museum, Center for Advanced Holo-

caust Studies.

Sonneman, T. (2002) Shared Sorrows: A

gypsy family remembers the Holocaust.

Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.

Stewart, M. (2004) Remembering Without

Commemoration: The Mnemonics and Poli-

tics of Holocaust Memories among Euro-

pean Roma. Journal of the Royal Anthropo-

logical Institute, 10(3) 561-582.

Stone, D. (2004) The Historiography of the

Holocaust. New York: Palgrave-

Macmillan.

Szabolcs, S. (2008) The Roma People Du-

ring the Second World War (1939-1945):

school reader about coexistence and per-

secution. Budapest: Velcsov.

Szeman, L. (2010) Collecting Tears: Re-

membering the Romani Holocaust. Perfor-

mance Research: A Journal of the Perfor-

ming Arts, 15(2) 54-59.

Tyaglyy, M. and Piotrow, J. (2009) Were

the “Chingene” Victims of the Holocaust?

Nazi Policy toward the Crimean Roma,

1941-1944. Holocaust and Genocide Stu-

dies, 23(1) 26-53.

United States Holocaust Memorial Mu-

seum (2001) Poles, Sinti & Roma, handi-

capped, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Wit-

nesses. Darby PA: Diane Pub. Co.

Wagenaar, A. (2005) Settela. Nottingham:

Five Leaves.

Weiser, M. (2007) Roma Holocaust. Grin

Verlag.

Wippermann, W. (2006) ‘Compensation

Withheld: The Denial of Reparations to the

Sinti and Roma,’ in Kenrick, D. (ed.) Gyp-

sies During the Second World War: The

Final Chapter. Hertfordshire: University of

Hertfordshire Press.

Yahad-InUnum (2009) Broad Daylight,

Testimony Extracts. Research Trips 2009:

Ukraine, Belarus, Russia.

5

Eurasiareview: news & analisys (2011), Day

Of Remembrance Of Romani And Sinti Exter-

mination

http://www.eurasiareview.com/02082011-day-

of-remembrance-of-romani-and-sinti-

extermination/

News Pl–Polskie Radio dla Zagranicy (2011),

Nazi WW II Roma genocide remembered in

Poland

http://www.thenews.pl/1/10/

Artykul/52741,Nazi-WW-II-Roma-genocide-

remembered-in-Poland

Prague Daily Monitor (2011), Roma oppose

new Romani Holocaust memorial plan

http://praguemonitor.com/2011/02/23/roma-

oppose-new-romani-holocaust-memorial-plan

Spiegel Online International (2011), Roma

Suffering 'Has Not Ended’

http://www.spiegel.de/international/

germany/0,1518,742181,00.html

Star.com (2011), Film sheds light on Roma

Holocaust experience

http://www.thestar.com/news/article/1075662-

-film-sheds-light-on-roma-holocaust-

experience

Stars and Stripes (2012) Heidelberg, Germa-

ny: Museum explores Nazi persecution of Gyp-

sies during Holocaust

http://www.stripes.com/news/heidelberg-

germany-museum-explores-nazi-persecution-

of-gypsies-during-holocaust-1.164975

6

News on the Roma Holocaust

——————————

BBC News (2008), Berlin memorial to Ro-

ma WWII dead

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7792581.stm

BBC News (2009), Roma holocaust victims

speak out

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/

europe/7844797.stm

BBC News (2011), MEPs highlight Roma

victims of Nazi genocide

http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/

europe/newsid_9382000/9382614.stm

BBC News Europe (2011), Roma appeal

against discrimination on Holocaust Day

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-

12295614

BBC News South West Wales (2011),

Gypsy Auschwitz short film premiere at Mil-

ford Haven

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-

west-wales-16163583

Council of Europe (2011), The Romani Ho-

locaust and Contemporary Challenges:

Tackling Discrimination and Human

Rights Abuse of Roma

https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?

id=1855485

Local: Germany’s News in English (2011),

Roma Holocaust Survivor pleads for better

treatment in Europe

http://www.thelocal.de/national/20110127-

32703.html

7

Films and documentaries on

the Roma Holocaust

——————————

Broken Silence (2012) by Bob Entrop

http://www.uitzendinggemist.nl/

afleveringen/1300672

A People Uncounted. The Untold Story of

the Roma (2011) by Aaron Yeger

http://apeopleuncounted.com/

Gypsy Auschwitz Short Film Premiere at

Milford Haven (Priory Project, UK)

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-

west-wales-16163583

Holocaust, Porraimos, Samurdaripen (2010)

by Roma Press Agency

http://www.mecem.sk/rpa/?

id=culture&lang=english&show=18877

Nazi Treatment of Gypsies, unknown source

http://youtu.be/YIHU3OdWmT8

O Porrajmos/The Holocaust- Romani/

Gypsies/Sinti, unknown source

http://youtu.be/L7IMOFCj67Y

Porraimos (alternative title: Europe’s Gyp-

sies in the Holocaust) (2002) by Alexandra

Isles

http://dla.library.upenn.edu/dla/vcat/

record.html?q=Roma%

20Holocaust&rows=20&id=VCAT_3579959

The Truth about Roma Holocaust (2011) by

Florin Cioaba

Telegraph (2012), Holocaust Memorial

Day: 'Forgotten Holocaust' of Roma finally

acknowledged in Germany

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/

newstopics/world-war-2/8284274/Holocaust

-Memorial-Day-Forgotten-Holocaust-of-

Roma-finally-acknowledged-in-

Germany.html

EJP: European Jewish Press (2011), Roma

and Jews commemorate Holocaust in Ro-

mania

http://www.ejpress.org/article/53788

Moment. Independent Journalism from the

Jewish perspective (2011), Roma in the Ho-

locaust

http://www.momentmag.com/

Exclusive/2011/08/Roma_Holocaust.html

CANADA

Sarah and Chaim Neuberger Holocaust Edu-

cation Centre,

UJA Federation of Greater Toronto

Lipa Green Centre, Sherman Campus, 4600

Bathurst Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, Canada

http://www.holocaustcentre.com/Home

CZECH REPUBLIC

Jewish Museum in Prague

Maiselova Street No 15, 110 01 Prague 1

http://www.jewishmuseum.cz/aindex.php

Foundation for Holocaust Victims

Legerova 22/1854, 120 00 Praha 2

http://www.fondholocaust.cz/en/about-us/

about-the-fhv.html

Ziva Pamet, o.p.s

Na Porici Street No 12, 110 00 Praga 1

http://www.zivapamet.cz/en/homepage.html

Committee for the Redress of the Roma

Holocaust

http://www.cestiromove.ecn.cz/crrheng.htm

DENMARK

The Danish Centre for Holocaust and Ge-

nocide Studies

http://www.holocaust-education.dk/

Default.asp

FRANCE

Yahad – In Unum Organisation

Boulevard de Magenta No 114, 75010 Paris

http://www.yahadinunum.org/

GERMANY

German Fund: Remembrance, Responsibili-

ty and Future.

Linden Street No 20-25, 10969 Berlin

http://www.stiftung-evz.de/eng/about-us/

The German Sinti and Roma Documenta-

tion and Cultural Centre in Hidelber http://

www.sintiundroma.de/content/downloads/

publikationen/online/

hausprospektdokuzENG.pdf

IT:International Tracing Service

Große Allee 5 – 9, 34454 Bad Arolsen,

Germany

http://www.its-arolsen.org/en/homepage/

index.html

Task Force for International Cooperation on

Holocaust Education, Remembrance, and

ResearchLinden Street No 20-25, 10969

Berlin

http://www.holocausttaskforce.org/

index.php

HUNGARY

HDKE Holocaust Memorial Center

Pava Street No 39, H-1094 Budapest

http://old.hdke.hu/index.php?

changelang=eng

ISRAEL

Yad Vashem:

World Holocaust Center Jerusalem

P.O.B. 3477, Jerusalem 91034 Israel

http://www.yadvashem.org/

Part Two - Organisations working on the

Roma Holocaust

8

NETHERLANDS

Anne Frank Museum

Prinsengracht Street No 267, Amsterdam.

http://www.annefrank.org/

Holocaust- Lest we Forget

http://www.holocaust-lestweforget.com/

index.html

POLAND

Auschwitz – Birkenau Museum

Wiezniow Oswiecimia Street No 20, 32-603

Oswiecim

http://en.auschwitz.org/m/

District Museum in Tarnów

Rynek Street No 20-21, 33-100 Tarnow

http://www.muzeum.tarnow.pl/#

Roma Association

Berka Joselewicza Street No 5, 32-600 Os-

wiecim

http://www.stowarzyszenie.romowie.net/

index.php/romski-holokaust.29.html

Polish Roma Union

Wyszynskiego Street No 32, 78-400

Szczecinek

http://www.romowie.com/modules.php?

name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=24

Institute of Romany Heritage and Memory

and Holocaust’s Victims established by

Polish Roma Union

http://www.romowie.com/modules.php?

name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=110

Polish Union of Nazism Victims

Wspólna Street No 30, 00-921 Warsaw

Phone number: 0048 226269233

http://www.rroma.org/rroma-history/

holocaust.html

SLOVAK REPUBLIC

Roma Press Agency

Juzna Trieda Street No 53, 040 01 Kosice

http://www.mecem.sk/rpa/?

id=media&lang=english&show=14683

SWITZERLAND

Rroma.org

Gladbachstrasse 67, CH – 8044 Zurich,

Switzerland

http://www.rroma.org/rroma-history/

holocaust.html

UKRAINE

Ukrainian Centre for Holocaust Studies

8 Kutuzova Street, r. 109, Kyiv, 01011,

Ukraine

http://www.holocaust.kiev.ua/eng/index.html

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

The Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies

100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Washing-

ton, DC 20024-2126

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?

ModuleId=10005219

Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource

Center

100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Washing-

ton, DC 20024-2126

http://www.ushmm.org/research/collections/

resourcecenter/

RADOC – The Romani Archives and Docu-

mentation Center ( The University of Texas)

Calhoun Hall The University of Texas B5100,

Austin TX 78712

www.radoc.net

Association of Holocaust Organizations

P.O Box 230317, Hollis, NY 11423

http://www.ahoinfo.org/home.html 9

10