useful words for the pilgrimage - xacobeo.fr · in connection with the pilgrimage, it refers to a...

Useful Words for the Pilgrimage

Here's a tentative list. Towards the end there are a series of sentences you can use in various situations you may encounter during the pilgrimage. It was the list Jeffrey Hackler used and found invaluable during his own pilgrimage.Comments, corrections and suggestions please to Don Weiss, [email protected].

NOTE: If you don't have a Japanese font installed in your computer, the few kanji (Chinese characters) that we have included will look like nonsense. Sorry.

Words related to Buddhism

Kukai (774 - 835)

The name used by Kobo Daishi during his life as a priest. The Chinese characters of the name mean Sky-Sea. (For a brief biography of Kukai, see my Brief Introduction to Shingon Buddhism.)

Kobo Daishi

The posthumous name given to Kukai by Emperor Daigo 86 years after his death. It means Great Master of the Propogated Teachings.

Esoteric

Sometimes translated as hidden or secret. The name refers to the kind of Buddhism in which the most profound teachings are passed directly from teacher to student, either with words or with unspoken, heart-to-heart communication. Shingon is sometimes called Japanese Esoteric Buddhism

mudra

A physical symbol of a truth. Most often, it is used to refer to sacred hand gestures used during mediatation and ritual.

mantra

Syllables or series of syllables, usually recited in Sanskrit (or Japanese, in Japan). They contain the essence of certain Buddhist teachings and sometimes symbolize the powers or essence of certain Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. Om mane padme hum is a Sanskrit mantra widely in Tibet.

sur 37Useful Words for the Pilgrimage

04/01/2013http://www.mandala.ne.jp/echoes/wordlist.html

mandala

A graphical representation of a Buddhist teaching, usually two-dimensional though sometimes a building a group of buildings may be laid out in the form of a mandala. Originally a kind of platform used for consecration or empowerment ceremonies, in some Buddhist schools such as Shingon mandalas are used primarily as a tool for meditation. (For more information on mandalas, especially as used in Shingon Buddhism, see my Brief Introduction to Shingon Buddhism.)

Western Paradise

In Buddhist legend, there are four Pure Lands, each presided over by a Buddha or Bodhisattva. These are places designed to allow people to complete their spiritual development and attain enlightenment. In the Western Paradise of Amitabha, called Sukhavati in Sanskrit (the name means The Blissful), devotees awaken in a lotus flower and experience supreme happiness hearing the Buddhist teachings expounded by Amitabha. In line with an eary Buddhist teaching that to achieve enlightenment, women must first be reborn as men, every reborn in the Western Paradise is born male.

Saicho (767 - 822)

A contemporary of Kukai, Saicho founded Tendai Buddhism in Japan. He actually sailed to China in 804 on the same expedition as Kukai, but he returned much sooner. With him, he brought and extensive collection of sutras and Buddhist commentaries. Initially he and Kukai were allies in brining new teachings to the fore in Japan. Saicho accepted consecration by Kukai in a Shingon ceremony. Later they became estranged. Saicho had asked Kukai to lend him a sutra. Kukai refused, saying the truths contained in the sutra couldn't be properly understod by merely reading the words --you had to be personally instructed by a master of the teachings.

Tendai

The Buddhist sect brought to Japan by Saicho. It is based primarily on the teachings found in the Lotus Sutra. (Tendai is sometimes referred to as the Lotus Sect.) Tendai stresses the universality of Buddhist teachings, that all the teachings are really one, though theymay seem different. Similarly, Tendai also that human nature and Buddha nature are one and the same.

Nichiren (1222 - 1282)

Ordained as a monk at age 15, Nichiren was profoundly influenced by Tendai Buddhism. He took from Tendai a veneration of the Lotus Stura. But for Nichiren, this was not only the highest expression of Buddhist teaching, it was the complete teaching. He founded a sect known as the New Lotus School (in Japanese, School of the Lotus of the Sun"). He taught that any teaching other than the Lotus Sutra was irrelevant and that all other Buddhist sects were heretical. He taught that the veneration of the title of the Lotus Sutra, the if you chant the sentance namu myoho renge kyo ("I venerate the Sutra of the Lotus of the Good Law") with complete devotion, you will attain enlightenment instantly.



osettai

In standard Japanese, osettai means a tip or a little gift. In connection with the pilgrimage, it refers to a gift (usually of money, sometimes food) given to pilgrims by people they meet along the way. Osettai is given both in the spirit of dana (a Sanskrit word meaning a gift freely given as an expression of the compassion of the giver) and also as a way of participating in the pilgrimage. Osettai should never be refused, but rather accepted humbly, with thanks.

nembutsu

The Pure Land school of Japanese Buddhism (Jodo-shu) and the New Pure Land School(Jodo Shin-shu) teach that if you recite the sentance Namu Amida Butsu ("I venerate Amitabha Buddha") with complete devotion, you will be reborn in the Western Paradise and achieve enlightenment. Since these schools are the most popular Buddhist sects in Japan, you will often hear pilgriims reciting the nembutsu at pilgrimage temples.

Hondo

The main hall of a temple, where the main image (honzon) is enshrined

Kondo

One of the principal building at Koyasan. The original Kondo was the lecture hall where Kukai taught his students. the present building is a reconstruction dating from 1932.

Daishido

Nearly every Shingon temple has a Daishido, a hall that enshrines an image of Kukai. The only exceptions are temples where Kukai is the honzon, the principal image, so the hondo and Daishido are the same.

zazen

Sitting meditation. Usually used to mean the meditation taught by the three schools of Zen Buddhism.

satori

One of the two Japanese words usually used to refer to enlightenment. (The other is kensho.)



Jushoku

Head priest of a temple. The second in command is the Fuku-Jushoku. In either case, when talking with them, or any other Shingon priest, the proper form of address is Sensei ("teacher").

Words related to the pilgrimage

Shikoku Pilgrimage

shikoku hachiju ha kasho

or

shikoku henro

Shikoku pilgrim

o-henro-san

fudasho

A numbered temple of the pilgrimage

bangai

A unnumbered temple usually visited by the pilgrim

Kongo-tsue

A pilgrim's walking stick

Suge-kasa

A pilgrim's straw hat



Osame-fuda

Name slips

Juzu (sometimes nenju)

Rosary beads

Oizuru

A white pilgrim's garment worn at service

Zutabukuro

A white pilgrim's shoulder bag

Nokyocho

A pilgrim's book to collect seals

Wagesa

A narrow strip of cloth that goes around the pilgrim's neck and hangs down in front, like the stole in a Catholic priest's vestments.

Kakejiku

A hanging sealed scroll

Fudabasami

A case to keep your name slips and the slips you collect at each temple, with a picture of the honzon.

Senko



Incense

Rosoku

candles

Osaisen

Offertory coins

Kyobon

A service book

Goeika set

Instruments for chanting Goeika, the traditional hymns of the pilgrimage. There is one goeika for each temple.

Amagu

A raincoat or an umbrella

Basic kanji for reading route signs

enter

iriguchi

ì¸åš

exit

deguchi

èoåš



men

otoko

íj

women

onna

èó

toilet

toire or (less polite and not used much anymore) benjo

ï÷èä

washroom

senmenjo

êÙñ èä

push

osu

âüÇ…

pull

hiku

à¯Ç‚

Pilgrim's route

henro michi



ï¹òHì¼

Shikoku Trail

Shikoku no michi

élçëÇÃì¼

numbers - 1 through 10, 100

àÍ

ìÒ

éO

él

åÐ

òZ

éµ

î

ã“

è\

ïS

temple

o-tera

éõ

Words for giving and getting directions

straight ahead



masugu

right

migi

on the right

migi no ho

turn right

migi ni magatte

left

hidari

on the left

hidari no ho

turn left

hidari ni magatte

please stop

tomatte kudasai

I want to go to Bando.

Bando eh ikitai desu.

Note: If you want someone to stop, turn right, or turn left you must always use kudasai at the end or



else you are making a very strong demand.

far - near

toi - chikai

in front of - in back of

mae ni - ushiro ni

next to

tonari ni

street corner

michi kado

at the next corner

tsugi no kado ni

shortcut

chika michi

Food and Drink

yakitori



Chicken roasted on skewers

soba

Buckwheat noodles

ramen

Wheat noodles

somen

Thin wheat noodles served cold in summer

sushi

Vinegared rice, normally either topped with fish (sushi nigiri) or wrapped around a variety of things (makizushi)

beer

Biru

water

Ordinary water is mizu. Hot water (for tea, etc.) is oyu

Delicious

oishii

A refill please (used for rice, tea, etc.)

O-kawari onegaishimasu. (Or just hold up your bowl, smile, and say, "O-kawari.")



Rice please.

Gohan onegaishimasu.

I'm full.

O-naka ga ippai.

This is okay (meaning This is enough.)

Ii desu.

or

Maniatte imasu.

I'm lost.

Michi o mayoimashita.

I'm tired.

Tsukareta.

I'm a vegetarian.

Watashi wa yasaijin. or Watashi wa saishokushugisha desu.

I don't eat meat.

Niku wa dame desu.

I don't eat fish.

Sakana wa dame desu.

I eat fish.



Sakana o taberu.

or

Sakana wa O K desu.

I like fish.

Sakana ga suki.

meat

niku

beef

gyu nikku

pork

buta nikku

chicken

tori nikku

fish

sakana

raw fish

sashimi

raw egg

nama tamago



Survival Japanese - in no particular order

Seiza

sitting on your folded knees with your rear on your ankles. Very uncomfortable after awhile without practice but very comfortable for those of us with bad backs. Normally, Japanese sit this way on formal occasions. If you sit seiza when you first sit down with someone on a tatmi matted floor, they will think you are very well behaved. But then they will say, "kirakuni dozo" which roughly translates as "Please be comfortable," an invitation to sit cross-legged.

weather terms

rain

ame

sunny or clear

hare

cloudy

kumori

wind

kaze (stong wind is sugoi kaze)

hot

atsui

wam



atatakai

cold

samui

typhoon

taihu (or taifu; the Japanese sound is midway between the "h" and "f" sounds in English)

weather forecast

tenki yoho

yesterday -- today -- tomorrow -- the day after tomorrow

kino -- kyo -- ashita -- asatte

The numbers

1 ichi

2 ni

3 san

4 shi

5 go

6 roku

7 shichi

8 hachi

9 ku

10 ju

11 ju-ichi



12ju-ni

20 ni-ju

100 hyaku

1000 sen

10,000 man

Words for your lodgings

minshuku

Japanese bed and breakfast inn

ryokan

Japanese inn. Some ryokan cost no more than minshuku. Some are far more expensive. Always ask (Ikura des' ka? -- How much is it?)

Business Hotel

bijinesu hoteru

room

heya

toilet

toire

sink

senmendai



bath

o-furo

shower

shawa

dining room

shokudo

futon

futon

quilt

kakebuton

blanket

buranketo or mofu

heater

heetah

tea

ocha (Japanese tea), kocho (black tea)

Other things

Anatomy



headatama

facekao

earmimi

eyeme

nosehana

mouthkuchi

tongueshita

toothha

chinahgo

neckkubi

shoulderkata

armude

wristte kubi

handte

fingeryubi

fingernailtsume

(nail clippers)tsumekiri

upper backsenaka



lower backkoshi

buttocksshiri

stomachhara

belly buttono-heso

legashi

kneehiza

anklekurubushi

footashi

blister

sokomame or just mame (which also means bean)

I have a blister.

Mame ga dekite imashita.

Colors

whiteshiroi

blackkuroi

blueburu

sky bluesora iro

navy bluekon

blue-greenaoi



greenmidori

yellowkiiroi

redakai

How does it feel?

rough - smoothbarabara - subesubeshita

soft - hardyawarakai - katai

map

chizu (Note: if you make the "i" too long, you are saying "cheezu" which means "cheese")

eat

taberu

drink

nomu

sleep

neru

bakery

baykari or pan ya

medicine

kusuri



drug store

kusuri-ya

bandaid

bandoaido

chopsticks

o-hashi (the throw-away chocksticks you will almost always use in Japan unless you bring your own are properly called waribashi, but if you say o-hashi, everyone will know what you mean)

knife

naifu

fork

foku

spoon

supoon

cooked rice

gohan

now

ima

good morning



ohayo gozaimasu (the final "u" is hardly spoken, just sort of breathed)(Japanese stop saying good morning at about 10 a.m.)

good day

konnichi-wa

good night

oyasumi nasai

good bye

sayonara

or

bye-bye

see you again

dewa mata nochi hodo

or

mata, ne?

breakfast

cho shoku

lunch

chu shoku (or lunchi)

dinner

yu shoku (or deenah)



together

issho-ni

Phrases

What's your name?

Anata no namae wa nan desu ka?

My name is . . .

Watashi wa . . . desu

What time is . . . ?

. . . wa nanji desu ka?

Are you hungry?

Onaka ga suite imasu ka?

I'm hungry.

Onaka ga suite imasu.

I'm thirsty.

Nodo ga kawaitte imasu.

Just before starting to eat, Japanese almost always say, "Itadakimasu." It means "I humbly receive this." It is also often used to thank someone for a gift.



When they finish a meal (or leave a restaurant after paying the bill) Japanese usually say, "Gochiso sama desu." It's a formal thank you used for meals.

Give me this, please.

Kore o kudasai.

I really like it.

Taihen suki desu.

What's this?

Kore wa nan desu ka?

Whats that? (pointing to something near the person you are asking)

Sore wa nan desu ka?

What's that? (pointing to something not near either you or the person you're asking)

Are wa nan desu ka?

Okay

daijobu

Can you do it?

Ikeru? or Dekimasu ka?

I can do it.

Ikeru. or Dekimasu.



tough or difficult (as in (That's a tough trail, isn't it?)

Taihen desu ne?

It's easy.

Kantan desu.

or

Yasashii desu.

That's not correct.

Sore wa chigaimasu.

Let's go.

Ikimasho. (The masho ending on any verb makes the statement, "Let's . . . together.")

(To make this a little more emphatic, you can say, "Isho ni, ikimasho.")

Let's eat.

Tabemasho

Excuse me.

Sumimasen

or

Gomen nasai.

How are you?

O genki desu ka?



I'm fine.

Genki desu.

And you?

Anata wa?

Where's the toilet?

Toire wa doko desu ka?

washing machine

denki sentakuki (denki means electric, sentaku means laundry; you often hear sentakki for washing machine)

Please

Dozo

Thank you.

Arigato

Thank you very much.

Arigato gozaimasu.

(This is said for somoething being done for you now or in the future. For something already done for you, you should say, "Arigato gozaimashita.")

You're welcome.

Doitashimashite.



I'm sorry. I don't speak Japanese.

Gomen nasai. Nihongo ga wakarimasen.

Do you understand?

Wakarimasu ka?

I don't understand.

Wakarimasen.

I understand.

Wakarimasu.

(You'll often hear less formal versions of these words -- Wakatta? Wakaranai. Wakatta.)

Please say it once again.

Mo ikkai itte kudasai.

Please say it more slowly.

Moto yukkuri hanashite kudasai.

I live in California.

Kariforunia ni sunde imasu.

You can't do anything about it.

Shikata ga nai.



No problem.

Shimpai nai.

How much do I owe you?

Ikura desu ka?

Please write it down.

O kake kudasai.

Could you call for me?

I am an American - British - Canadian, etc.

Amerika jin desu.

I'm walking to Bando.

Bando eh ikimasu.

I'm walking to Temple 17.

Ju nana-ban fudasho eh ikimasu. (ju-nana is 17; ban indicates that the number is one in a series; fudasho means numbered Shikoki Pilgrimage temple)

Where is Temple 17?

Ju nana-ban fudasho wa doko desu ka?

Where are you going?

Dochira eh? (In the local dialect, doko ikyong?)



It's hot.

Atsui desu.

It's cold.

Samui desu.

It's cold, isn't it?

Samui desu ne?

If you please.

Onegashimasu.

Show me . . . please.

. . . o misete kudasai

Show me the room please.

Heya o misete kudasai

How do you do? (used the first time you meet someone)

Hajimemashite.

Don't give up! (this is often said to you when you're walking, especially uphill.)

Ganbatte (or Ganbatte kudasai)

Just a minute please

Chotto matte kudasai

or



Chotto sumimasen.

When will it be ready?

Itsu dekimasu ka?

Could you call this minshuku for me please?

Kono minshuku ni denwa o kaketekurete kudasai.

reservation

yoyaku

one night's stay

ippaku

Which way?

Dochira?

north - south - east - west

kita - minami - higashi - nishi

Not allowed

Dame desu.

That's too bad!

Zannen desu ne.



Good

ii

Bad

warui

What's the name of this?

Kore no namae wa nan desu ka?

or

Nani kore?

Some handy pairs of words

cute

kawaii

scary

kowaii

early - late

hayaii - osoi

fast - slow



hayaii - yukkari

quickly - slowly

hayaku - yukkuri

big - little

okii - chiisai

tall - short

sei ga takai (or okii) - hikui

fat - thin

futoi - hosoi (for things)

futotteiru - yaseteiru(for people - Japanese also use the word smart, pronounced sumaato, for thin when talking about people)

man - woman

otoko no hito - onna no hito

boy - girl

otoko no ko - onna no ko

child - adult

kodomo - otona

pretty - ugly

kawaii - minikui



ordinary - unusual

futsu - mezurashii

smart - dumb

atama ga ii - atama ga warui or

kashkoi - baca [note: never say baca about someone else, but if you think you've made a silly mistake and want to say, "That was silly of me," point to your nose with your index finger (that's how Japanese point to themselves) and say, "Baca."]

WORDS FOR "HACHIJU HAKKASHO MAWARIMASU"

Help from Yoshitani, Furuya, Morikawa

Jeffrey HacklerFebruary 3, 1995

WHILE I AM WALKINGI think I am lost Tabun michi ni mayoimashita.

Where is the henro path?Henro michi wa doko desu ka.

This is the henro path?Kore wa henro michi desu ka.

How far is it to temple #45?Yonjugo ban no fudasho ( bangai fudasho) made ato dono kurai desu ka.

This is this road to (temple #?) ?(Yonjugo ji) wa kono michide ii desu ka.

Where am I now on this map?Watashi wa kono chizu de ima doko desu ka.

Excuse me, I need to rest.Sumimasen. Kyukei ii desu ka.Sumimasen. Chotto yasumitai desu.

AT THE TEMPLE

Do you take overnight guests? ( this evening)(Konban) tomete itadake masu ka.

Do you have lodging? ( asking over the phone)



Shukubo wa arimasuka?

What time is your evening service?Yugata no otsutome wa nanji desu ka.

What time is your morning service?Asa no otsutome wa nanji desu ka.

Where can I have my NOKYO-CHO stamped?Nokyo-sho wa doko desu ka.

Please recommend cheap lodging near here for walking henro?Chikaku ni henro-yado wa arimasen ka.Chikaku ni yasui (ryokan/ minshiku) wa arimasen ka.

What is the Minshiku's name and phone number?Minshiku no namae to denwa bango o oshiete kudasai.

Where is the path to the top of the mountain?Chojo e iku michi wa doko desu ka.

CONCERNING A MINSHIKU or RYOKAN

I want to make a reservation.Yoyaku o onegai shimasu.

Do you have a vacancy?Tomare masu ka.Iie, manshitsu desu.

I want a room for one night.Ippaku shitai desu.Nihaku

How much is it per night?Ippaku ikura desu ka.

Do you have a cheaper room?Motto yasui heya wa arimasen ka.

May I stay in your cheapest room.Moto yasui heya onegaishimasu.

May I have a quiet room?Shizukana heya wo kudasai.

At what time can I use the furo?Nan ji ni furo ni haire masu ka.Furo wa nan-ji kara nan-ji made desuka.

I would like to pay now.Ima seisan deki masu ka.



Is dinner and breakfast included in the cost of the room?Nishoku tsuki desu ne?Bangohan to asagohan wa ryokin ni haitte imasu ka.

May I please just have simple lodging ( no meals)?Sudomari de onegaishimasu.Sudomari ikura desuka.

Yes, I eat Japanese food.Hai, nihonshoku daijobu desu.

Another bowl of rice, please.Gohan no okawari o onegaishimasu.

At what time does the (restaurant) open?Nanjini ni (shokudo) ga akimasu ka.

At what time does the (store) close?(mise) wa nanji ni shimarimasu ka.

My leg / back/ head hurts.Ashi / senaka / atama ga itai desu.

Can I help you?Otetsudai e shimasho ka.

Can I drink this water?Kono mizu wa nondemo ii desu ka.

Can you make some musubi for me for my lunch, please?Obento o onegai shimasu.

Can I wash my clothes here?Koko de sentaku shitemo ii desu ka.

May I use the telephone?Denwa onegaishimasu

*** I am much obliged for all the various things you have done for me. Thank you very much.Iro iro o-sewa ni narimashita. Arigato gozaimashita.

Day after tomorrow - Asattetomorrow - Ashitatoday - kyoKonban - this eveningabout - goro (goji goro (5pm), gojihan goro (5:30)First - Hajimeand then - soshiteBuddhism = BukkyooI am a high school history teacher-- Kookoo no rekishi no senseidesu



I have a fever - Netsu ga arimasuI have diarrhea - Geri o shiteimasuI have a headache. - Atama ga itai desu I threw up - Hakike ga suru Are you hungry? - Onaka ga sukimashitaka.Are you thirsty? - Nodo ga kawakimashitaka

teishoku - fixed menuChuu-ka donburi - Chinese-style - meat, veg, rice.Oyako Donburi - chicken and eggYaki-meshi - fried riceJibun de arukimasu - I am walking by myself

Telephone conversation with Minshiku( Anata wa moto yukuri hanashite kudasai. )Moshi Moshimoshi moshi( xxx ryokan) desuka?hai

Watashi wa aruite henro wo shiteimasu. Amerika-jin desu. Nihongo skoshi dake hanashimasu.Yoyaku o onegai shimasu. Tomare masuka?

Itsu desu ka?Itsu otomari desuka?Kyo, Ashita, Asatte, Konban(Sangatsu/ Shigatsu) first/second)Nichi, Getsu, Ka, Sui, Moku, Kin, DoIppaku ( Nihaku) dekimasukaIie, manshitsu desu. (Bye,Bye) Hai,Chotto matte -

Ikura desu ka?Go sen gohyaku en

Nan nin desu ka.Hitori desu.

Nan ji goro tsukimasuka?Yo (4) ji goro desu ka?Watashiwa henro desu. Tabun go-ji ni aruite ikimasu.

Namae-wa nan desu kaDochira sama desu kaNamae-wa Hakura desu. Hawaii kara kimashita. America-jin desu.

Moichido Kakunin shimasu- they will repeat the info one more time for accuracy.



Hai. Wakarimashita. Yoroshiku. Omachi shitimasuOmachi shiteorimasu. (We will be waiting for you.)Domo Arigato. Onegaishimasu. Bye,Bye.Bye,Bye.Yoyaku o cansel shimasu.At the minshikuKino / Kesa denwa shita. Yoyaku shita. Namae-wa Hakura desu.Kochira wa Hakura desu.orYoyaku shitemasuka. ( do you know about the reservation.)

1st - Tsuitachi2nd - Futsuka3rd - Mikka4th - Yokka5th - Itsuka6th - Muika7th - Nanoka8th - Yoka9th - Kokonoka10th - Toka11th - Juichi-nichi12th - Junni-nichi20th - Hatsuka21st - Niju-ichi nichi

Ojama Shimasu ( shita)Suzushiku arimasen - it's not coolRaishu - next weekSenshu - last weekdemasu - leave, exitikimasu - gomada - not yet,still Many thanks to David Turkinton for his extremely helpful suggestions and corrections. Updated 9 December, 2000 by Don Weiss [email protected]



useful words for the pilgrimage - xacobeo.fr · in connection with the pilgrimage, it refers to a...

Documents