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Erica O’Hagan

Rebecca Fasano

Movement Analysis Project

Kinesiology

Dr. Biren

Tuesday Thursday 11am

Demographics Form

Name: Erica O’Hagan

Gender: Female

Age: 20

Height: Cm 177.8 In 70

Weight: lbs 145 Kg 65

Body Mass Index: 20.8

Medical Conditions Questionnaire

Name: Erica O’Hagan Date of Birth: 4/20/1995

Primary Care Physician: Town Medical Verona NJ

Medical Conditions; ( If yes, explain)

Do you have any current injuries? If so what are they? Yes/No Bicep tendinitis, extremely tight hip flexors, minor knee pain

Do you have any previous injuries? If so what are they?: Yes/No- I have sprained both of my ankles in 2010, playing basketball. Also, I had a concussion in 2013, my freshman year of college playing volleyball.

Have you ever been hospitalized for an injury? If so, please explain. Yes/No

Are you currently taking any medications? If so, please explain. Yes/No- Vyvanse40mg(ADHD)

Are you taking any short course medications for a specific current illness or injury? If so, please explain. Yes/No

Family history injuries that you are you prone to regarding movement? If so, please explain.(Example- weak bones.) Yes/No

Daily exercise intensity: 1 2 3 4 5 (lowest to highest)

How many times a week are you physically active? 1-7 I am active 7 times a week

Activities of daily living? I am on the Rowan Women’s Volleyball Team. I participate in very high intensity 2.5 hour practices Monday Through Saturday and am on a weight lifting program three times a week.

Occupation? Student

1. Are there any movements that effect your athletic performance negatively?Yes, after taking my approach to hit a volleyball, I land on my left leg, instead of landing on both legs. This puts a lot of strain on my left knee and hip. It is a very hard habit to break. Another abnormal movement that that effects my athletic performance negatively is the way that I swing my arm when I hit a volleyball sometimes. It is not all the time, but sometimes I forget to get both my arms up in the air to hit a volleyball and instead, my left arm is down putting a lot of strain on my right because I am relying only on my right arm to swing hard and pull through the ball.

2. If question above was yes, how do those movement effect your performance and goals? Landing on only left leg after I take my approach effects my performance because I am unstable coming off of a swing. I am unable to react as quickly to a blocked ball or an over pass as I would if I landed on both legs. Landing on one leg makes me unbalanced and off center. Having my left arm down at my side when I am hitting a ball effects my

athletic performance because I am unable to jump as high because I am pulling myself down. Also, it prevents me from putting as much power as I can into the ball because I am pulling through the ball with both arms.

3. Has anyone every told you that you are prone to more injuries because of abnormal movements when performing in athletics. If so, explain. I have been told by many people including my coaches, and athletic trainers that I am prone for injuries if I don’t stop landing on one foot. I have been told that it is very bad for my knee, my hips and my ankles. Also, I have been told that I am prone to injuries in my shoulder, and currently have an injured shoulder. Because I have taken so many swings as a volleyball player, I have tendinitis of the bicep tendon. Even though I do not consistently do this, swinging with my left arm down, relying only on my right arm, does not help and I have been told that I can become more injured doing that.

Movement Goals

Increase my vertical Jump Increase my arm speed (flexibility of the rotator cuff and bicep tendon, Strengthen

shoulder) Improve stability (balance) Increase knee stability- ACL Prevention Increase hip flexibility ( flexion, abduction)

Initial Summary

After looking at the questionnaire, medical history and movement goals it is clear that I need to focus on both my upper and lower body. My upper body is extremely important, especially being an outside hitter on a volleyball team, and my lower body is the part that I need to keep healthy and get even stronger. When looking at my past injuries, I see that they have been very minor and are not effecting me now. The key areas that I need to improve are my shoulder, my knees, and my hips. My shoulder needs to move correctly when I hit a ball, my hip flexors make me very inflexible, and my knee pain is starting from the way I come down after an approach to a volleyball. Initial suggestions on how to improve my shoulder are internal and external rotational exercises. For my knee, I can complete an ACL prevention program, and I can work on stretching my hip flexors every day. Areas in my body that are strong, are my core, lower back, quads, and traps. All of these sections of the body are very important to my athletic performance and are strong, stable, and effective.

Citation

Rocky Mountain College Health Status Review. (n.d.). Retrieved September 18, 2015, from https://www.rocky.edu/athletics/pdf/RockyMountainCollegeAnnualHealthStatusReview

I did not use anything directly from this source. I just browsed over this site to get an idea on what an athletic questionnaire looked like.

https://www.rocky.edu/athletics/pdf/RockyMountainCollegeAnnualHealthStatusReview.pdf

https://www.rocky.edu/athletics/pdf/RockyMountainCollegeAnnualHealthStatusReview.pdf

Range Of Motion Assessment

Cervical Spine

Motion: Cervical Flexion

Plane: Sagittal Axis: Medial

Degrees: 50 Normal Degree: 60

Analysis: Because this ROM is not in the normal range, I am more at risk for injuries and neck problems. I do not have great posture so I need to correct this dysfunction in order to improve that. The cervical flexion range of motion in my neck is relevant to my health because head and neck injuries are extremely dangerous and life threatening.

Motion: Cervical Extension


Degrees: 90 Normal Degree: 75

Analysis: This ROM is not normal, meaning I am more prone to head and neck injuries. I have too much range of motion in my neck when in extension, meaning I am flexible moving in that direction. When comparing ROM in my cervical flexion and extension, I have less ROM in flexion and more in extension. That is not good because I am more prone to injuries.

Neutral Position (Cervical Spine)

Analysis: If ROM is abnormal this person would be more at risk for head and neck injuries. They would be more prone to straining their neck, and pulling muscles. Having good ROM in your lateral flexion of the cervical spine can help with flexibility, and overall health.

Analysis: Not having the normal ROM for cervical rotation puts that person at more of a risk of head and neck injuries. Also, it means that they will not be able to turn their necks as far to the side, limiting their ability to look to the side without turning their bodies. Having too much range of motion in cervical rotation makes that person more likely to strain neck and muscles.

Shoulder

Motion: Lateral Flexion)

Plane: Frontal Axis: Anterior Posterior

Degrees: Right-45 Left: 45

Normal Degree (Right and Left): 45

Motion: Cervical Rotation

Plane: Transverse Axis: Vertical

Degrees: Right-85 left-70

Normal Degree (right and left): 80

Analysis: After looking at these pictures, it is clear that I have a very high range of motion in shoulder flexion in both my right and left shoulders. In volleyball this is an advantage because my arm is able to reach high, and hit the ball at its highest point because my range of motion in very high. I am prone to injury because I have less stability in my shoulder if I have that much range of motion when flexing my shoulder. Also, because my arm is so long this gives me a mechanical advantage in force production, and a mechanical disadvantage in force production, so I have to exert more force in order to hit the ball harder, making me prone to shoulder injuries. Also, looking at my movement goals, one of them was to increase my arm speed. Now seeing how my range of motion I have when in flexion, explains why I can’t hit the ball with as much force as I want to. I do hit the ball extremely hard because I weight train and have been trained to swing fast but I want to be even faster.

Motion: Shoulder Flexion


Degrees: Right-180 Left-180


Neutral Position (Shoulder Flexion)

Analysis: If shoulder abduction ROM is abnormal, that person is prone to shoulder and injuries. For me in these pictures and after analyzing them, it is clear that I am very flexible and my ROM in my shoulder is higher than the normal amount. In order to prevent injury, I need to be doing stabilizing exercises on my rotator cuff and all the muscles in my shoulder to make sure that it had a wide range of motion and is also stable and strong. This will increase my arm speed and arm strength.

Neutral Position (External& Internal Rotation)

Motion: Shoulder Abduction


Degrees: Right-180 Left-180


Neutral Position (abduction)

Analysis: After looking at these pictures and completing the ROM assessment on the internal range of motion on my shoulder, you can see how little range of motion I have. Because I have shoulder issues, and I am a volleyball player, it is normal to have little range of motion especially this movement. In order to prevent an injury and increase my range of motion, I do band workouts that strengthen my rotator cuff, and bicep tendon. Also, I get my shoulder stretched every single day, before and after I play volleyball. You can clearly see in this picture that my right arm has a significantly low degree of ROM, and I remember when completing this movement how hard and painful it was for me to move only that far. By the end of this volleyball season my goal is to increase my internal shoulder ROM to the normal degree.

Analysis: After analyzing my findings for this test, you can see how much range of motion I have externally. When thinking back to my internal and external rotation exercises that I complete 3 times a week, I now remember how much easier it is for me to do my band work externally. It is because those muscles are not used as much when I swing into a volleyball. I am using my internal range of motion significantly more and that’s why the degrees were so different.

Hip

Motion: Internal Shoulder Rotation

Plane: Sagittal

Axis: Medial Degrees: Right- 35 Left- 50


Motion: External Shoulder Rotation


Degrees: Right- 100 Left-100


Analysis: After completing this ROM I was definitely surprised with my results. I always thought that I has extremely tight hip flexors and that it was holding me back from being as flexible as I could be. If someone did have a negative ROM in this motion then they would be prone to more hip, and back injuries. To prevent these kinds of injuries, I always stretch my hip flexors before and after I work out. This specific movement, can influence the way you run, so it is very relevant to sports. Without having range of motion in your hips, you are unable to get full extension of the hips and therefore will not be able to run as fast.

Neutral Position Internal & External Rotation

Motion: Flexion


Degrees: Right- 110 Left- 110


Neutral Position (Hip flexion)

Analysis: Looking at external rotation ROM of the hip I am very limited and barley could move my leg. Having little to no ROM for this specific movement is not good at all. This limits my ability to move laterally quickly and that is something that I really have to do as a volleyball player. I am more prone to injuries in my lower body because of this, and looking back on my initial summary, and movement goals, most if not all of my health issues have to do with my lower body. I need to increase my hip flexibility by stretching them more.

Analysis: We can see that my internal ROM of my hip is closer to the amount that it should be at. In order to prevent injuries, one must make sure that this area is stretched out before movement, and is strengthening and stretching out this area. Hip strength has an effect on speed, vertical and flexibility. In my movement goals, I wrote that I want to increase my vertical so strengthening these muscles and keeping them flexible will help me do that.

Analysis: In this test, you can see that my hip is flexed and that there is restricted knee flexion. Because I have restricted knee flexion that means that I tightness in my quad (rectus femoris). This observation is very minor, as you can see my degrees are not far off from the normal amount, but you can clearly see that my knee flexion is restricted. To prevent this from happening and to prevent injury I have to increase the flexibility in my quads.

Motion: External Rotation




Motion: Internal Rotation




Motion: Tom Test




Analysis: Making sure that your hamstring ROM is healthy is very important. If not, you are prone to may more injuries, and pulling your hamstring takes a long time to recover from. Strengthening and stretching your hamstrings, is important for speed and stability of our legs.

Analysis: Having a restricted range of motion performing the sit and reach test, can result in lower back and hamstring injuries. Staying flexible and active in these specific area will reduce the risk of injury. This range of motion is very relevant to me because my lower back needs to be flexible for my sport. I am always in a low hunched over positon so it is easy to injure that part of my body.

Postural Analysis

Frontal View

Analysis: When looking at my posture from the frontal view, my head, shoulders (acromioclavicular Joint), and pelvis looks normal and straight. Then moving to the patella on the right and left side, I start to see a slightly medial shift of both knees. My ankle joints look straight and normal from a sagittal view. From this picture you can see that I have a slight Genu Valgum. Meaning that my patellas are slightly rotated inward. This means that my Q angel is greater than 18 degrees and this can put a lot of force on my knees during weight baring activities and also strain my Medial Collateral Ligaments. In order to prevent this, I need to strengthen my piriformis and stretch my TFL.

Motion: Straight leg Raise




Motion: Sit and Reach


How far? : Past my toes

Normal: At the toes

Posterior View

Analysis: When looking at my posture from a Posterior view, there is nothing that stands out of looks wrong. My shoulder girdle is straight, my spine alignment is normal, and there are no pelvic abnormalities. When looking at my subtalar joint, there is a slight eversion to my feet. It is not clear or obvious but we can see that my feet are slightly everted out, going back to my slight “Knock Knee” ( Genu Valgum). I have had many ankle sprains, and have week ankle joints.

Sagittal View (Left and Right)

Analysis: Looking at this picture, I felt like it was hard to see the alignment of my posture, so I drew in a completely straight line, going through the center of my body, where my joints should be lined up on. In a perfect world, my ear should be resting right on that black line, and as we can see it is slightly off, on both sides. This means that I have slight upper cross syndrome. This could mean that my upper traps pectoralis minor and sternocleidomastoid are overactive. And that my lower traps, and serratus anterior are underactive. Simply fixing my posture by being more conscious about it, or stretching and strengthening these muscles is a way I can fix this and prevent injury.

There is no sign of a excessive or reduced lordosis in my Lumbar Spine

Over Head Squat

Frontal view

Analysis: Looking at the key areas of this picture we can see that my knees and feet are alighted straight and pointing forward. I am less likely to have a knee injury because there is no valgus strain being put on them, by my knees moving medially. This can imply that my hip adductors, gluteous medius and external rotators are properly strengthend and stretched. When knees move out laterally it can imply that external rotators are tight and need to be stretched, and hip adductors are not strong enough. This is the proper form for the overhead squat and nothing here stands out as abnormal.

Sagittal view

Analysis: When analyzing the sagittal view of an overhead squat the parts of the body that we look at are the trunk, lumbar spine, and the upper extremities. In this picture you can see that the trunk of my body is slightly leaned forward but not overly flexed indicating that my balance is strong. That also means that I have a properly stretched and strong gluteus maximums and superficial erector spinae. When moving to my back, we can see that from a sagittal view I do not have an excessive, or reduced lordosis, and my back is properly curved. Moving to the upper extremities, we can see that my arms are slightly pushed forward, more than they should. This can mean that my latissimus dorsi, and pectoralis muscles are overactive and need to be stretched. This can also imply that my middle and lower trapezius and the posterior deltoids are underactive, meaning I must strengthen these muscles in order to prevent injury. If I do not fix this, it can lead to an anterior tilt in the pelvis and an excessive lordosis of the lumbar spine.

Gait Analysis

Walking

Posterior View

Analysis: When looking at the overhead squat from behind, the first thing that we look at are the feet. We can clearly see how my feet automatically evert. This can mean that my peroneal muscles are overactive and need to be stretched in order to prevent injury. This can also imply that I have underactive tibialis posterior and anterior. A common side effect of this is planter factitious. I have never been diagnosed to have this, because I have never spoken to the trainers or a health professional, but I have serious heel pain, most of the time when I start practice, or get up in the morning. In order to stop this from happening and also decrease my chances of getting shin splints, I need to strengthen and stretch my over and underactive muscles in this area of my body. We can see that my body does not shift from left to right, and is symmetrical and balanced. Also, my feet are straight to the ground indicating that my soleus muscles are healthy.

Looking at these pictures we can see that my right foot is in the heel strike phase of Gait. We can see from the sagittal veiw that my hips are flexed about 25 degrees, my right knee is slightly flexed and my foot is slightly starting to get into plantar flextion. My gluteus maximus is bringing my hips forward properly just before the midstance phase.

Looking at the posterior veiw, my hips are at an even hight and my foot is in correct supination. When analyzing this picture we can see that I use a very little amount of energy when in strike phase because I am perfroming

View- Posterior

Phase- Heel Strike

View- Sagittal

Phase- Heel Strike

Looking at these pictures we can see that my right foot is in the heel strike phase of Gait. We can see from the sagittal veiw that my hips are flexed about 25 degrees, my right knee is slightly flexed and my foot is slightly starting to get into plantar flextion. My gluteus maximus is bringing my hips forward properly just before the midstance phase.

Looking at the posterior veiw, my hips are at an even hight and my foot is in correct supination. When analyzing this picture we can see that I use a very little amount of energy when in strike phase because I am perfroming

View- Posterior

Phase- Mid Stance View- Sagittal

Phase- Mid stance

Moving onto the mid stance phase we can see that from the sagittal veiw that my knee is slightly flexed( about 3 degrees), my hips are starting to extend and my foot is moving to dorsflextion. Also, my center of mass is directly over my foot.

From the posterior veiw, it is very clear that there is a verticle pelvic tilt to the non weight bareing side of my body. We can see that the left side of my pelvis drops down, when the weight is on my right side. This is throwing off my center of gravity, and is forcing me to use more energy when walking. In order to fix this,I must strengthen my gluteus minimus to contract, and allow my center of gravity to be regained. Moving onto the toe off phase, we

can see from the sagittal view that my foot is in supination and stable. My tibia is slightly externally roatated and my ankle is in clear plantar flextion. My hips are starting to get into flextion, bringing my leg forward into the intial swing phase

Looking at the posterior view we can see that my hips are laterally at the same height and my foot is in proper supination.

Jogging

View- Posterior

Phase- Toe off

View- Sagittal

Phase- Toe off

Now, looking at jogging we can see that my right foot is in the heel strike phase. My foot is slightly flexed at the knee, and my hips are properly flexed. Also, my foot is coming out of plantar flextion and moving into dorsiflextion.

Looking at the posterior veiw, we can see that my right foot is overly inverted and I am running on the outside of my foot. I have been diagnosed with plantar fasciitis due to my flat feet, and over pronation, so it hurts me when I pronate my foot. So I tend to run more on the outside of my feet to illuminate that pain I get when my feet are flat on the ground and move more into supination then I should be.

Looking at my mid stance for jogging, we can see from a sagittal view that my center of gravity is directly over my right foot, my knee is flexed, and my foot is in dorsiflextion. When looking at my upper body, it is clear that my head and neck are pushed forward a little more then they should, indicating that I am using more energy then I need to.

Looking at this picture from a posterior veiw, we can see that my right foot is in pronation and is allowing the force of my body to be dispersed throughout my foot. I am in proper pronation and my tibia is internally roatated. Also, the tilt in my hips are not as exaggerated as it was when I was walking meaning I am performing proper gait when running.

Veiw- Posterior

Phase- Mid stance View- Sagittal

Phase- Mid stance

View- Posterior

Phase – Heel Strike View- Sagittal

Phase- Heel Strike

View- Posterior

Phase- Toe Off

View- Sagittal

Phase- Toe Off

Now, moving onto the toe off stage we can see that from a sagittal veiw, my foot is pushing my left foot forward into its heel strike pretty forcefully. Also, my foot is in plantar flextion, my hips are extended, and my knee is slightly flexed.

Looking at the posterior view, we can see that my foot is properly supinated and my tibia is clearly externally roated. Also, something that stands out from this veiw is the movement of my upper body. My arms are overly rotated and there is slight lateral movement happening in my arms, instead of keeping my shoulder girdle straight and down when I run.

10. Corrective Exercise Program.

When looking at my goals written in the dispositional assessment and looking at my range of motion assessment, my range of motion in my shoulder is something that I need to improve on. The range of motion in my arm for internal rotation is only 35 degrees when the normal healthy zone for internal rotation is 70 degrees. Below, in this exercise, I am strengthening my rotator cuff muscles, by applying resistance to the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and the subscapularis. Increasing my range of motion and strength in this area, will have such a positive effect on my performance as an athlete. This will increase my shoulder stability allow me to hit volleyballs for a longer period of time with more force, and my chances of an injury are decreased. I chose this exercise because it is easy to complete and it is effective. To complete this exercise I am Taking a band with the correct resistance, standing in a neutral position, keeping my hand at my waist and bringing my arm forward pulling against the fixed axis.

The next correctional exercise that I am going to complete is called, Plank Rock with scapular protraction. This exercise is a strengthening exercise used to strengthen the serratus anterior. By staying in a plank, I am protracting my shoulder girdle, and rocking my body in all different directions, making sure that my shoulders do not retract and my scapula is stable in the protraction motion. It is common for people to have an under active serratus anterior so strengthening this will helps my humeral head and glenoid fossa stay in proper alignment. I chose this exercise because it is a injury prevention exercise. Keeping my upper extremities in strong and proper alignment is so important to my performance because as a volleyball hitter my arms are constantly moving in and out of alignment. This exercise will prevent injuries and strengthen a muscle that is commonly forgotten.

The next correctional exercise is called a plank. I chose this exercise because it is a simple and very effective exercise. The plank works primarily the stabilizing muscles of the core, which in this specific exercise are the transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis and the deep erector spinae. Having a stable core and training from the inside out is so important to my performance as a volleyball player. Without a strong core, I would not be able to produce nearly as much force when I swing at a ball. Planks are simple, effective and strengthen the stabilizing muscles of the core.

The last correctional exercise is V- sit knee hugs. I chose this exercise because it targets the transverse abdominus and targets the lower back. As we can see in my external rotation picture I am starting to get a slight excessive lordosis meaning my transverse abdominus is weak. This exercise targets that area and also strengthens, muscles in my lower back. Being a volleyball player, lower back injuries are very common due to being in a hunched over low position. Making sure that my transverse abdonimus, is strong will prevent those injuries.

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