uses of epidemiology
DESCRIPTION
Use of epidemilogy in day to day practiceTRANSCRIPT
USES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
Dr Deodatt M Suryawanshi .(Asst Prof CM)
Learning objectives
Define epidemiology Differences between clinical medicine vs
Epidemiology Uses of epidemiology Apply in daily use
Derivation of word
Greek term Epi – upon , Demos – population logos – scientific study
Definition
The study of frequency ,distribution and determinants of disease and health related states and events and application of knowledge in prevention ,control and mitigation of these problem
Epidemiology was born before clinical medicine
400 B C –Hippocrates occurrence of human disease to environment.
1747 -James lind treatment of scurvy by oranges.
1768 -Edward Jenner - Small pox vaccine.
1850 - Semmel weis puerperal sepsis – hand washing.
1853 – John snow control of cholera epidemic.
1950s -Doll and hill smoking causes lung cancer.
Major Break through of epidemilogy today
Where only preventive methods have work in controlling the disease
HIV/AIDS
Preventive recommendations promiscuity ,needle sharing and other
Uses of Epidemiology
Classify
1. In Health care Management
2. Understanding disease process
3. In public health practice
4. In clinical and preventive practice
In Health care Management
Making Community diagnosis
Take in account socio demographic data
Quantifying and summarizing
Epidemiology Vs Clinical Medicine
Focus is on an individual Physician Uses Lab tools
for diagnosis
Does not take other factors in account
Does not form assumptions
Does not help in policy formulation
Not a quantitative science
Focus is on Group Epidemiologist uses
quantitative tool for community diagnosis
Takes into account all factors which cause disease
Form assumptions or hypothesis
Helps in Public health policy formulation
Quantitative and qualitative science
Clinical medicine Epidemiology
Example of Community diagnosis
Planning and evaluation of health service
Accurate information socio demo
profile,the diseases,health facilities .
Evaluation of a programme for its impact
Developing health policies
Community diagnosis
Policies
Understanding the disease process
Study of natural history of diseases. Ex HIV
Search for causes and risk factors of disease.
Historic study of rise and fall of diseases. Ex plague,
influenza, Lung cancer
To identify syndromes.
Association of two or more symptoms more frequently
Uses in Public Health practice Investigation of epidemic.
Surveillance for diseases.
Making projections.
Assessing the programme for mass screening for diseases.
Assisting in formulating medical teaching curriculum
Uses in clinical research
Indispensable science for clinical research
Assessment of effectiveness of various treatment
modalities.
One drug is better for treatment than other
Assessing prognosis.
Assessing the effectiveness of Diagnostic procedures.
One diagnostic procedure is more effective
Guiding clinical decision.
Take home message….
Epidemiology is indispensible to clinical medicine.
Thanks