uses of geographic information systems for global public health. the gis-epi project

Uses of Geographic Information Systems for Global Public Health. The

GIS-EPI Project.

Uses of Geographic Information Systems for Global Public Health. The

GIS-EPI Project.

CODATA/CRIA Atibaia, Brazil, May 10, 2007CODATA/CRIA Atibaia, Brazil, May 10, 2007

Carlos Castillo-Salgado, MD, JD, M.P.H., Dr.P.H

Team Members: Enrique Loyola, MD, MSc; Manuel Vidaurre, BSc, MSc; Ramon Martinez, Eng; Patricia Najera,

Geo, MPH

Panel 10.1 Integration of Geospatial and Biomedical Data

Carlos Castillo-Salgado, MD, JD, M.P.H., Dr.P.H

Team Members: Enrique Loyola, MD, MSc; Manuel Vidaurre, BSc, MSc; Ramon Martinez, Eng; Patricia Najera,

Geo, MPH

Panel 10.1 Integration of Geospatial and Biomedical Data

Forum for Public Health in the Americas DD/RFPAHO’s GIS in Public Health Project Forum for Public Health in the Americas DD/RFPAHO’s GIS in Public Health Project

Pan American Health OrganizationPan American Health Organization

• The oldest international public health agency in the world agency with 100 years of experience working to improve health and living standards of the people of the Americas.

• Part of the United Nations system, serving as the Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization, and as the health organization of the Inter-American System

• The Pan American Sanitary Bureau (PASB) is the Secretariat of the PAHO. The Bureau is committed to providing technical support and leadership to PAHO Member States as they pursue their goal of Health for All and the values therein.

• The oldest international public health agency in the world agency with 100 years of experience working to improve health and living standards of the people of the Americas.

• Part of the United Nations system, serving as the Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization, and as the health organization of the Inter-American System

• The Pan American Sanitary Bureau (PASB) is the Secretariat of the PAHO. The Bureau is committed to providing technical support and leadership to PAHO Member States as they pursue their goal of Health for All and the values therein.


Presence of PAHO in the Region

Headquarters

Country Offices

CentersCFNI

CAREC

PANAFTOSA

BIREME

CLAP

INPPAZ

CEPIS

INCAP


Geographic Information System in Public Health (GIS-PH)

Geographic Information System in Public Health (GIS-PH)

• Set of interacting components that use spatial reference data and health-related information to analyze and synthesize large quantities of data and information to support, orient, and evaluate public health interventions and decision-making in a territory or defined space for a specific time period.

• Set of interacting components that use spatial reference data and health-related information to analyze and synthesize large quantities of data and information to support, orient, and evaluate public health interventions and decision-making in a territory or defined space for a specific time period.

Information Systems Technology

Epidemiology/(Bio)Statistics

Geography/Cartography

GIS-PH


GIS-Epi MilestonesGIS-Epi Milestones

• 1993 – First PAHO GIS Workshop for Malaria Control. Chapala, México. 23 participants from the Americas

• 1994 – GIS Applications using Epidemiological Stratification and Focalization

• 1995 – Launching of Core Health Data initiative• 1995 – GIS-Epi Collaborative Groups Network: Chile,

Cuba, Guatemala and México• 1995 – Organization of First International Symposium

on Computer Mapping in Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Tampa FL.

• 1995 – SIGEpi development over MapInfo using MapBasic

• 1996 – First Draft of the book “GIS in Health: Basic Concepts”

• 1996 – First Health Indicators Atlas in the PAHO Web• 1997 – Using ArcView as standard GIS

• 1993 – First PAHO GIS Workshop for Malaria Control. Chapala, México. 23 participants from the Americas

• 1994 – GIS Applications using Epidemiological Stratification and Focalization

• 1995 – Launching of Core Health Data initiative• 1995 – GIS-Epi Collaborative Groups Network: Chile,

Cuba, Guatemala and México• 1995 – Organization of First International Symposium

on Computer Mapping in Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Tampa FL.

• 1995 – SIGEpi development over MapInfo using MapBasic

• 1996 – First Draft of the book “GIS in Health: Basic Concepts”

• 1996 – First Health Indicators Atlas in the PAHO Web• 1997 – Using ArcView as standard GIS



• 1998 – Starting of Core Health Data System development, including a Web-based GIS using ArcView IMS

• 1998 – GIS in Health for Hurricane Mitch• 1999 – Starting SIGEpi development using MapObjects• 1999 – PAHO Executive Committee resolve to assign SHA

the mandate for GIS in Health• 2000 – Key Speakers in the First International Health

Geographics Conference• 2000 – Meetings with WHO/HealthMapper and CDC/EpiMap

teams• 2000 – Development of the PAHO model for GIS in Health

Training• 2000 - JHU Course 340.701.13 “Epidemiological

Applications of Geographic Information Systems”• 2000 – Publication of the book “GIS in Health: Basic

Concepts”

• 1998 – Starting of Core Health Data System development, including a Web-based GIS using ArcView IMS

• 1998 – GIS in Health for Hurricane Mitch• 1999 – Starting SIGEpi development using MapObjects• 1999 – PAHO Executive Committee resolve to assign SHA

the mandate for GIS in Health• 2000 – Key Speakers in the First International Health

Geographics Conference• 2000 – Meetings with WHO/HealthMapper and CDC/EpiMap

teams• 2000 – Development of the PAHO model for GIS in Health

Training• 2000 - JHU Course 340.701.13 “Epidemiological

Applications of Geographic Information Systems”• 2000 – Publication of the book “GIS in Health: Basic

Concepts”


• 2000 - Launching of the Core Health Data System Web-based Tabulator

• 2001 – Collaboration with NASA and Oxford University for INTREPID Project

• 2001 – Strategic Alliance with FUNASA – Brazil• 2001 – Key Speakers in the First Annual ESRI Health

and Human Services GIS Conference• 2001 – Distance Learning Project with UOC and JHU• 2002 – Launching of SIGEpi in Portuguese• 2002 – Publication of the book “GIS in Health: Basic

Concepts” in Spanish and in Portuguese• 2002 – Development of the Web Map Server for Core

Health Data using ArcIMS• 2002 – Preparation of the Health Section for the

National Geographic Family Reference World Atlas• 2002 – Translation of SIGEpi to Spanish and English

• 2000 - Launching of the Core Health Data System Web-based Tabulator

• 2001 – Collaboration with NASA and Oxford University for INTREPID Project

• 2001 – Strategic Alliance with FUNASA – Brazil• 2001 – Key Speakers in the First Annual ESRI Health

and Human Services GIS Conference• 2001 – Distance Learning Project with UOC and JHU• 2002 – Launching of SIGEpi in Portuguese• 2002 – Publication of the book “GIS in Health: Basic

Concepts” in Spanish and in Portuguese• 2002 – Development of the Web Map Server for Core

Health Data using ArcIMS• 2002 – Preparation of the Health Section for the

National Geographic Family Reference World Atlas• 2002 – Translation of SIGEpi to Spanish and English



• 2002 – Participation in the WHO Global Health Mapping Team

• 2002 – Regional GIS for the Mesoamerican Program for alternatives to malaria control without DDT. UNEP-GEF-PAHO

• 2002 – Participation in the United Nations Geographic Information Working Group (UNGIWG)

• 2002 – Atlas of Basic Health Indicators for the Region• 2003 – Ministry of Honduras: Health Services

Accessibility Project• 2003 – Launching of New GIS-Epi Web Site• 2003 – Establishment of the Interamerican Network of

Remote Sensing and GIS in Public Health for Infectious Diseases Control

• 2003 – WHO CyberFair• 2004 – Partnership with NASA/GSFC • 2004 - HSR/Geneva . US-Mexico Public Health GIS.


• 2002 – Regional GIS for the Mesoamerican Program for alternatives to malaria control without DDT. UNEP-GEF-PAHO

• 2002 – Participation in the United Nations Geographic Information Working Group (UNGIWG)

• 2002 – Atlas of Basic Health Indicators for the Region• 2003 – Ministry of Honduras: Health Services

Accessibility Project• 2003 – Launching of New GIS-Epi Web Site• 2003 – Establishment of the Interamerican Network of

Remote Sensing and GIS in Public Health for Infectious Diseases Control

• 2003 – WHO CyberFair• 2004 – Partnership with NASA/GSFC • 2004 - HSR/Geneva . US-Mexico Public Health GIS.




• 2006 – 10 National Health Atlases were developed by Countries in the Americas with PAHO’s technical assistance.

• 2006 – ESRI Meetings Panel Coordinations (Health, Federal Government Users Conference, ESRI’s Policy Makers Workshop)

• 2006 – Preparation of the Health Section for the National Geographic Family Reference World Atlas. Second Edition

• 2006 – Training workshops in 12 countries. Fifth Summer Course at Johns Hopkins University-BSPH

• 2006 – Update of the Regional Mapping of Malaria in the Americas (sub national boundaries)


• 2006 – 10 National Health Atlases were developed by Countries in the Americas with PAHO’s technical assistance.

• 2006 – ESRI Meetings Panel Coordinations (Health, Federal Government Users Conference, ESRI’s Policy Makers Workshop)

• 2006 – Preparation of the Health Section for the National Geographic Family Reference World Atlas. Second Edition

• 2006 – Training workshops in 12 countries. Fifth Summer Course at Johns Hopkins University-BSPH

• 2006 – Update of the Regional Mapping of Malaria in the Americas (sub national boundaries)



GIS-Epi Project in the AmericasGIS-Epi Project in the Americas

Types ofapplicationsand examples

Direct supportto countries

Support to countries through PAHOCollaborating groups

Support toproposals designand financing

Applications developm ent

Access tocartographic data

Access tohealth data

Access toaerial andsatellite im ages

Databases collection

Analytical softw arefor PC use

W eb-basedplatform

Softw arebased oncom m ercial platforms

Beta versionsand support to design

Softw are developm ent

In-person W orkshops

Courses basedon electronic form at

Applicationsdevelopm ent

Courses

Training

M aterials onconcepts and usesof G IS in health

M aterials on differenttypes of application

Laboratoryexercises

Softw arem anuals

M aterials developm ent

Types ofapplicationsand examples

Direct supportto countries

Support to countries through PAHOCollaborating groups

Support toproposals designand financing

Applications developm ent

Access tocartographic data

Access tohealth data

Access toaerial andsatellite im ages

Databases collection

Analytical softw arefor PC use

W eb-basedplatform

Softw arebased oncom m ercial platforms

Beta versionsand support to design

Softw are developm ent

In-person W orkshops

Courses basedon electronic form at

Applicationsdevelopm ent

Courses

Training

M aterials onconcepts and usesof G IS in health

M aterials on differenttypes of application

Laboratoryexercises

Softw arem anuals

M aterials developm ent

Presentations in Meetings, Seminars, Symposia and Congresses

PAHO GIS collaboration with different groups


Geographic Information Systems in Public Health

Geographic Information Systems in Public Health

• GIS-Epi is a comprehensive Health Information Initiative at PAHO to provide an integrated framework for analyzing and displaying the distribution of critical characteristics of the core public health needs of the populations in the Americas for decision-making and technical work.

• Examples of PAHO main applications are: – Spatial description of health events in the Caribbean– Public health surveillance Networking in Brazil. Malaria Control– Identification of environmental and occupational risks in

Mesoamerica– Health situation analysis in Peru– Analysis of health patterns/differences at local levels in Bolivia– Identification of high risk groups and critical areas in Queretaro,

Mexico– Generation of operational research hypothesis in Petén, Guatemala– Planning and programming of health services in Brazil– Evaluation of public health interventions in Cienfuegos, Cuba

• GIS-Epi is a comprehensive Health Information Initiative at PAHO to provide an integrated framework for analyzing and displaying the distribution of critical characteristics of the core public health needs of the populations in the Americas for decision-making and technical work.

• Examples of PAHO main applications are: – Spatial description of health events in the Caribbean– Public health surveillance Networking in Brazil. Malaria Control– Identification of environmental and occupational risks in

Mesoamerica– Health situation analysis in Peru– Analysis of health patterns/differences at local levels in Bolivia– Identification of high risk groups and critical areas in Queretaro,

Mexico– Generation of operational research hypothesis in Petén, Guatemala– Planning and programming of health services in Brazil– Evaluation of public health interventions in Cienfuegos, Cuba


Develop/adopt standards, norms and codes UNGIWG – SALB ProjectDevelop/adopt standards, norms and codes UNGIWG – SALB Project


SIG-EPI applications using remote sensing informationSIG-EPI applications using remote sensing information

Environmental healthEnvironmental risks and vulnerabilityHealthy spacesHealth needsHealth Situation Analysis Public Health SurveillanceCritical areas (groups) identificationHealth services responseHealth services availability and coverage AccessibilityPublic Health Programming and PlanningIntervention impact evaluationGenericHypothesis generation for operational

researchHealth Atlases

Environmental healthEnvironmental risks and vulnerabilityHealthy spacesHealth needsHealth Situation Analysis Public Health SurveillanceCritical areas (groups) identificationHealth services responseHealth services availability and coverage AccessibilityPublic Health Programming and PlanningIntervention impact evaluationGenericHypothesis generation for operational

researchHealth Atlases


Brasil: analfabetismo y reservas indígenas, 2000

Municipal Infant Mortality rates in Brazil and female illiteracy

Amazon river’s basin


Development of Severe Retardation Spatial Clusters

Development of Severe Retardation Spatial Clusters

Mapa de coropleta, quintiles de daño. Indicador local de Autocorrelación espacial

Mapa de probabilidad/Significancia de LISA. Clusters de municipios de alta y baja prevalencia de retardo


MALARIA IN MESOAMERICADDT alternatives

MALARIA IN MESOAMERICADDT alternatives


Evaluation of interventions and public health programs

GUATEMALA


MALARIA EN MESOAMERICAHealth Services Coverage in Peten, Guatemala

River’s buffers impact areas


Identification of Localities Vulnerable to

Environmental Risks in Querétaro, Mexico.

Identification of Localities Vulnerable to

Environmental Risks in Querétaro, Mexico.


High Environmental Risk and Low ProtectionHigh Environmental Risk and Low Protection

242 critical communities


Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Honduras and slope calculation on roads infrastructure

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Honduras and slope calculation on roads infrastructure

• [1] USGS/EROS DATA Center. http:

//edcdaac.usgs.gov/gtopo30/gtopo30.html


Low accessibility critical areasLow accessibility critical areas

Accessibility Index (ICA constructed with SIGEpi 1.0)• Distances (km) and slopes to nearest facility• Calculation of z scores • Linear interpolation of community's ICA Values Selection of 2 Std Deviation values

of ICA to define critical areas RESULTS:

In Low Accessibility Critical Areas there are 807 communities with 638, 856 inhabitants.

Accessibility Index (ICA constructed with SIGEpi 1.0)• Distances (km) and slopes to nearest facility• Calculation of z scores • Linear interpolation of community's ICA Values Selection of 2 Std Deviation values

of ICA to define critical areas RESULTS:

In Low Accessibility Critical Areas there are 807 communities with 638, 856 inhabitants.


Basic Health Indicators Atlas


Collaborate in the identification of worldwide regional patterns of the most important health indicators and population well-being.The geographical distribution analysis of the main health determinants: • Access to drinking water • Excreta disposal • Physicians per 100,000 population • Infant mortality • AIDS • Malaria • Tuberculosis Research of the most recent data about the indicators under study was performed, as well as the cartographic representation and analysis of the health and population well-being indicators


What is SIGEpi?What is SIGEpi?It is a Geographic Information System (GIS) designed for applications in Epidemiology and Public Health, including specific analytical procedures for:

• mapping of health indicators,

• equity and poverty measurement,

• health situation and spatial analysis,

• public health surveillance,

• epidemiological assessment,

• and exploratory data analysis.

All the analytical functions are presented in a simplified and user-oriented way and integrated in a GIS environment.


Help systemUser’s manual

Case Studies


PAHO and Ministry of Health authorities of Brazil launching SIGEpi. V Brazilian Congress of Epidemiology, 23 - 27 March, 2002, Curitiba, Brazil

Launching SIGEpi in Brazil Launching SIGEpi in Brazil


PAHO/JHU Epidemiologic Applications of Geographic Information Systems Course 2000-2007

PAHO/JHU Epidemiologic Applications of Geographic Information Systems Course 2000-2007


Geographic Information Systems in Health: Basic ConceptsGeographic Information Systems in Health: Basic Concepts


How to contact us:How to contact us:

Forum for Public Health in the AmericasPan American Health Organization

525 23rd. St., NWWashington, DC 20037

Tel (202) 974-3327Fax: (202) 974-3641

Email: [email protected]

uses of geographic information systems for global public health. the gis-epi project

Documents

public health gisphset

public health interventions

global public health

environmental health

goal of health

healthrelated information

world health organization

americas ddrfpahos gis