ush 18:1 civil rights movement
DESCRIPTION
USH 18:1 Civil Rights Movement. Origins of the Movement Rosa Parks Refused to give up seat on bus NAACP used her case to take “Separate but Equal” ( Plessy v Ferguson, 1896) doctrine down “Jim Crow Laws” Laws segregating (separating) whites and African-Americans. Court Challenges. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
U SH 1 8 :1 C ivil R igh ts M o vem en t
• Origins of the Movement– Rosa Parks• Refused to give up seat on bus• NAACP used her case to take “Separate but Equal”
(Plessy v Ferguson, 1896) doctrine down• “Jim Crow Laws”
– Laws segregating (separating) whites and African-Americans
Court Challenges
• Norris v Alabama (1935)– Alabama could not exclude African-Americans
from juries • Morgan v Virginia (1946)– Segregation on interstate busses unconstitutional
• Sweatt v Painter (1950)– State law schools had to admit qualified African-
American candidates
Brown v Board of Education
• Thurgood Marshall– NAACP attorney
• Linda Brown– Denied admission to her neighborhood school in
Topeka, Kansas
Brown v Board of Education
• 1954-case goes to Supreme Court• Court ruled segregation in public schools
unconstitutional – Violated “Equal Protection” clause• 14th Amendment of Constitution
– Over-turned “separate but equal”• Plessy v Ferguson (1896)
Southern Resistance
• Supreme Court ordered school districts to desegregate with “deliberate speed”– Wording is vague– Many school districts move slowly
• “Southern Manifesto”– 101 southern Congressmen– Court “abused its power” – Decision must be reversed
Civil Rights Movement Begins
• Montgomery Bus Boycott– African-Americans refuse to ride city busses – Elect Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., to lead boycott
• African-American churches – Forums for discussion– Planning headquarters
• Southern Christian Leadership Conference – Formed by Dr. King and church leaders– Challenged segregation wherever it existed
Crisis in Little Rock
• 9 African-American students try to register at a Little Rock, Arkansas, school
• Orval Faubus– Governor of Arkansas– Sent National Guard troops to stop students– Pres. Eisenhower sends troops to support
students
New Civil Rights Legislation
• Civil Rights Act of 1957– Protect rights of African-Americans to vote– Created a civil rights division in Dep’t of Justice – Created United States Commission on Civil Rights – SCLC launches campaign aimed at registering 2
million African-American voters