Usher in good ethics in public life of our India

Challenges to enact and enforce Compliance

of Indian Anti-corruption Laws

Remember our CONSTITUTION?

"WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute

India into a SOVEREIGN

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC, and to secure to all its

citizens :

JUSTICE, social, economic and political;

LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them

all;

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity of

the Nation:

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY

this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949,

do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND

GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.―

2

In the Republic of India there is a widely shared desire in the country to

consolidate the gains made now as also to assess our future.

• Undoubtedly, the people of the country and the

managers of society can be congratulated on many

counts for India's achievements,

• (i) self-sufficiency (in fact surplus generation) in

food-grains,

• (ii) a strong industrial base,

• (iii) a rising expectancy of life,

• (iv) a higher percentage of literacy,

• (v) a united and better integrated India and

• (vi) a growing recognition by the world of our

capabilities and potential.

3

On the negative side, one can‘t ignore the

nagging problems of

• unemployment, illiteracy and poverty,

• accentuated by an ever increasing population.

Also, a low per capita income, inadequate

infrastructure, feudalistic tendencies and worst of

all a pathetic contempt of rule of law and ethics in

public life.

Finally, an administration which is perceived as

self seeking and citizen unfriendly.

4

• The Transparency International (TI) Corruption

Perception Index (CPI), ranks countries in terms of

the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist

among public officials and politicians. It is a

composite index derived from 15 different polls and

surveys from 9 independent institutions carried out

among business people and country analysts.

• CPI defines corruption as the abuse of public office

for private gains. The index provides an annual snap

shot of the views of business people and analysts

like bribing of public officials, kickbacks in public

procurement or embezzlement of public funds.

5

• Of the 102 countries surveyed in 2002, seventy countries

– including many of the world‘s most poverty stricken –

score less than five out of a clean score of ten.

• Corruption is perceived to be rampant in Indonesia,

Kenya, Angola, Nigeria, and Bangladesh, countries with a

score of less than two.

• Countries with a score of higher than 9, with very low

levels of perceived corruption, are rich countries, namely,

Finland, Denmark, New Zealand, Singapore, and

Sweden. 6

• There is nothing to be proud of India's ranking in the

Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index

2009.

• The country ranked low also in the Bribe Payers Index

among emerging economic giants.

• The use of public funds for private gain is common.

• The misuse of power, position and privilege is widespread.

• Corruption seems to be a fact that affects all sections of

society

7

TYPOLOGY OF CORRUPTION

Corruption is defined as the use of public office for private gains

Scales of corruption can be Grand, Middling or Petty and payment of bribes can be due to collusion between the bribe taker and the bribe giver, due to coercion or even anticipatory. Easy solution to personal issue.

Existence of corruption implies that there are corrupt people, there are also corrupt practices, and there is a corrupt system.

Therefore, all the three have to be fought simultaneously to eliminate the vice of corruption.

8

Aberrations in public life in India

As a recent editorial in a leading newspaper

observed: Corruption in public life is one of the

most daunting issues facing the country.

Edmund Burke: All that is necessary for the forces

of evil to triumph in the world is for enough good

men to do nothing.

9

Mahatma Gandhi:

(60 years ago)

Corruption will be out one

day. The public can, as its

right and duty, in very

case of justifiable

suspicion, call its servants

to strict account, dismiss

them, sue them in a law

court or appoint an

arbitrator or inspector to

scrutinize their conduct,

as it likes.

10

India will go on … Are you aware corruption

accentuates poverty, aggravates economic disparity,

thwarts development, undermines democracy and is

a threat to national security and, destroys the moral

fibre of the Nation? No, corruption will NOT destroy

India. Why Not? Because, much of India functions,

'oiled' by corruption. It damages India, for sure. But

just as the average Indian has more of a 'natural

immunity' to TB, Asthma, Dengue, Malaria,

Conjunctivitis, 'Delhi-Belly' and other 'gastro viruses

and bacteria', than other peoples, Indians have

found ways of continuing to work around this

corrupt system.

11

12

• As we look ahead to the next 10 to 15 years,

what is it that we can hope for on the corruption

front?

• It is very easy to be pessimistic. The pessimist

can always argue that corruption has always

been with us like the poor and it is a global

phenomenon.

• Nevertheless, the fact is that while corruption is

a global phenomenon, we have seen countries

which were corrupt, reforming themselves and

getting the benefits of corruption-free, good

governance in our own lifetime. Singapore is a

classic example.

PEOPLES’ PERSPECTIVE Indians think ( some even hope) that corruption cannot be eliminated in India – at least not in their lifetime. This pessimistic and cynical perception of the people is largely an outcome of confusing corruption with all kinds of illegal actions and activities by individuals.

Corruption is a threat to democracy and economic

development in many societies. It arises in the ways

people pursue, use and exchange wealth and

power, and in the strength or weakness of the state,

political and social institutions that sustain and restrain

those processes.

Most illegal actions, many of which are private actions, are

confused with corruption.

The Prevention of Corruption Act 1988 and

Indian Penal Code

clearly distinguishes between corruption indulged by public

servants for private gains and

illegal actions by individuals.

There are separate Acts in India for dealing with different

kinds of illegal actions of private individuals. For example, if

a public servant amasses wealth disproportionate to his

known sources of income then he can be tried under

Prevention of Corruption Act 1988.

However, if a business-person amasses wealth

disproportionate to his known source of income he will be

dealt under Income Tax Act for concealing his income and

not under Prevention of Corruption Act. 14

Recent aberrations in India

Corruption has been defined by the World Bank as the ‗use of public

office for private profit.‘ In our country, there are five major players on

the corruption scene, interdependent, strengthening and supportive

of the vicious cycle. They are the neta, the corrupt politician; the

babu, the corrupt bureaucrat; the lala, the corrupting businessman;

the jhola, the corrupt NGO; and the dada, the criminal of the

underworld !

The Prevention of Corruption Act 1988 and Indian

Penal Code _ clearly distinguishes between

corruption indulged by public servants for private

gains and illegal actions by individuals.

16

September 2000: Former President Rao was convicted of

criminal conspiracy and corruption in the 1993 vote buying

scandal and became the first Indian Prime Minister to be

convicted in a criminal case. He was acquitted on appeal,

however, in March 2002.

March 2001: Following the release by an Indian news website

of a videotape showing 31 politicians, high level officials,

bureaucrats and army officials taking bribes, the Defence

Minister and leaders of the ruling BJP party were forced to

resign. Four defence ministry officials were also suspended.

September 2005: Railway Minister Laloo Prasad Yadav was

charged with misappropriating state funds in the long running

―fodder scam‖. He and Bihar Chief Minister were charged with

embezzling over US$ 40 million in state funds intended for the

purchase of animal fodder. In total, 170 persons were charged

in connection with this scandal.

17

In January 2006: A reporter in Assam writing articles accusing

local forestry service officials of having links to timber

smuggling was murdered.

In March 2006: The BJP alleged corruption in a military

contract to buy six submarines from two French companies,

claiming that the government overpaid by approximately US$

113 million and used the excess to pay middle men that

helped secure the deal.

In January 2009: Satyam Computer Services Ltd was barred

by the World Bank from bidding for contracts for eight years

and top officials were arrested after a major financial fraud

over several years was disclosed.

In 2010: Telecom Minister Andimuthu Raja allegedly rigged

the sale of 2G telecoms licenses for lower prices to the

companies he favored.

18

In 2010: Suresh Kalmadi, the organising committee chief of

Commonwealth Games in Delhi, also quit his post in the

Congress party.

In 2010: The chief minister of Maharashtra resigned over his

alleged role in a scam involving homes for war widows. He was

ordered by the ruling Congress party to resign while the matter

was investigated. Mr. Chavan's relatives, army officers and

bureaucrats are among those who allegedly acquired

apartments. An other housing loan scam involving state-owned

institutions and a private and listed Mumbai-headquartered

company Money Matters Financial Services Ltd has been

exposed. This has put independent directors under a cloud At

least three of the four independent directors in Money Matters,

whose CMD and two senior executives were arrested by the

Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), are ex-bankers /

chairpersons of financial institutions.

19

In fact, R N Bhardwaj, non-executive independent

director on the board of Money Matters was the

chairman of LIC and LIC Housing Finance for more than a

year till May 2005. He has served in LIC since 1968 till

his retirement in 2005. Money Matters, the CBI has

alleged, bribed senior officials in LIC and LIC Housing

Finance while mediating and facilitating loans for

builders and corporates from these institutions. Among

those arrested include the chief executive of LIC Housing

Finance. The other two are the former chairman and

managing director of state-owned Allahabad Bank and a

former CEO and chairman of state-owned financial

institution IFCI Ltd.

20

Given their understanding and clout in the financial

services sector, experts wondered if they took their role

of 'independent directors' seriously and asked the right

questions. The fourth non-executive independent

director in Money Matters is Sanjiv Kapoor, a chartered

accountant, who has audited the books of the state-

owned insurer LIC.

Who will investigate these allegations?

• Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)

• Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)

• Comptroller and Auditor General

(C & AG)

What is the role of proposed Lokpal?

• The present system provides for taking on the

corrupt persons through a legal mechanism,

which has not been found to be very effective.

• Many corrupt practices fall outside the

purview of existing laws and need to be

tackled by people themselves.

• The responsibility for dealing with corrupt

people, corrupt practices and corrupt systems

devolves equally on individuals, civil society

institutions, legislature, executive, and the

judiciary.

21

CORRUPTION IN INDIA: A scenario-1

India is one of the most regulated economies of

the world with powers concentrated in few hands.

It is a poor country with scarce resources where

demand is always more than supply. The receivers

of the public services are largely poor, ignorant,

and illiterate.

There is also absence of transparency and

accountability of the public servants. There is no

system of rewards and punishments for the public

servants.

22

CORRUPTION IN INDIA: A scenario-2

There was also no right to information. The license-permit-quota-inspector regime was pervasive in India since independence and continues under a different nomenclature even after liberalization and globalization of 1991.

In addition, there are 3000 central statutes and 10 times as many state statutes plus subsidiary and administrative laws (most of them archaic), with several exemption clauses and discretionary powers sans accountability. All these conditions were fertile breeding grounds of corruption

23

Good Governance Agenda

The growth of civil society networks engaged in anti-corruption work has played a useful role.

The last decade has seen the rise of NGOs involved in a broad range of anti-corruption activity at the village, city, regional and national levels.

These organisations are active on many fronts and are increasingly networking and provide useful role models for anti-corruption campaigners throughout the country.

The rise of civil / judicial activism has been accompanied by demands for greater transparency in public life.

Electronic media with ‗Crime news‘ plays an active role now 24X7.

24

Success OF INDIAN CEOs IN SOME OF THE

FAMOUS Multi-National COMPANIES / institutions

1.Indra Nooyi- Pepsico

2.Amarthya Sen - Economic laureate

3.Ajay Banka- City Bank

4.Arun Sarin - Vodafone

5.MS Banga -Unilever

6.C K Prahladh - University of Michigan

7.Raghuram Rajan - International Monetary Fund

8. Padmasree Warier- Motorola

9.Jagadessh Bhagawati - Colombia University

10.Vyonesh Joshal - Hewlet Packard

11. Deutsche bank(German Company) – Mr. Anshu Jain as CEO.

25

1556 - 1605 A.D. An example

from history:

AKBAR, EMPEROR OF INDIA

26

Akbar "the Great," who governed

India for half a century (1556-1605)

and by a wise, gentle and just reign

brought about a season of prosperity.

This man, whose memory even to-day

is revered by the Hindus, was named

Abul Fath Jelâleddin Muhammed. And

truly he justified the epithet, for great,

fabulously great, was Akbar as man,

general, statesman and ruler.

AKBAR, EMPEROR OF INDIA-1

27

28

AKBAR, EMPEROR OF INDIA-2

Akbar succeeded in establishing order, peace, and prosperity in his regained and newly subjugated provinces. This he brought about by the introduction of a model administration, an excellent police, a regulated post service, and especially a just division of taxes.

Up to Akbar's time corruption had been a matter of course in the entire official service and enormous sums in the treasury were lost by peculation on the part of tax collectors.

• AKBAR, EMPEROR OF INDIA - 3

• The corruption in the finance and customs department was

abolished by means of a complicated and punctilious

system of supervision (the bureaus of receipts and

expenditures were kept entirely separated from each other

in the treasury department).

• Akbar himself carefully examined the accounts handed in

each month from every district, just as he gave his personal

attention with tireless industry and painstaking care to every

detail in the widely ramified domain of the administration of

government.

• Moreover the Emperor was fortunate in having at the head

of the finance department a prudent, energetic, perfectly

honorable and incorruptible man, the Hindu Todar Mal, who

was not a vizier or minister of state, yet had assumed all the

functions of such an office. 29

30

Cor rup t ion f lou r ishes in our sys tem because o f

f i ve bas ic reasons(bes ides the ignorance o f

the v ic t ims) . These a re : ( i ) scarc i t y o f goods

and serv ices (u rgency in ava i lab i l i t y ) ; ( i i ) red

t ape and compl ica ted ru les and procedures ;

( i i i ) l ack o f t ransparency in dec is ion -mak ing ;

( i v ) lega l cush ions o f sa fe ty fo r the cor rup t

under the „hea l thy ‟ p r inc ip le tha t everyone is

i nnocent t i l l p roved gu i l t y ; and (v ) t r iba l i sm or

b i radar i among the cor rup t who p ro tec t each

o ther.

31

N. Vittal spent a four-year term as

Central Vigilance Commissioner and

he is aware of the challenge which the forces of

corruption in our country pose to those who want to

fight it. India pays lip service to the principle of

honesty. Gandhiji told us: truth and non-violence were

the fundamental principles of existence. Vedic dictum

is , ‗Satyam vadha - dharmam charah‘. Our nation‘s

motto is ‗Satyameva Jayate‘ or ‗Truth will triumph‘.

32

The role of the Chief Vigilance Office, may broadly be

divided into two parts. i.e. preventive and punitive.

The Chief Vigilance Officers have so far been

concentrating mainly on the punitive side, i.e. dealing

with actual vigilance has not received adequate

attention. The word vigilance” mainly implies

watchfulness. But the role of Vigilance Officer is

predominantly preventive. While detection and

punishment of corruption and other malpractices is

certainly important, what is even more important is

the taking of preventive measures which could

reduce the number of vigilance cases considerably.

33

Book by N. Vittal:

Corruption in India: the roadblock to national

prosperity Publisher Academic Foundation, 2003, Length 188 pages

ISBN 8171882870, 9788171882878 Subjects: Bribery – Corruption investigation – History / Asia / India & South Asia – India – Misconduct in office - Political Science / General - Political Science / Government / International – Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration – Political corruption - Political corruption/ India – Public administration

Book by N. Vittal:

Corruption in India: the roadblock to national prosperity

Academic Foundation

4772-73/23,

Bharat Ram Road,

Darya Ganj,

New Delhi - 110 002. INDIA.

Tel : +011-23245001 / 02 / 03 / 04.

Fax : +011-23245005.

E-mail: books@academicfoundation.com

34

35

Corruption is a two-way street. For every bribe taker,

there is a bribe giver. While the debate on

corruption in our country has focused on the

demand side of corruption, i.e., on public servants

and politicians who demand bribes, there has been

a thundering silence on the supply side of

corruption, i.e., around the business community

which bribes the public servants and politicians. It is

therefore interesting to note the business

community‘s focus on the issue of ethics in

business. Recently the CII organised a session on

ethics and corporate integrity.

36

Corruption is like malaria, handled by either

giving medicine to those affected or by

preventing the breeding of mosquitoes.

Many of our rules and procedures breed

corruption. Orders have therefore been

issued to check and simplify procedures.

One example is a ban on post-tender

negotiations in government purchases,

except with the lowest bidder. Such

negotiations are a flexible source of

corruption.

37

Given the integration of global markets and the

increasing application of information technology,

billions of dollars can be transmitted from one

market to another at the click of a computer

mouse. When foreign financial institutions invest

in an emerging market, they want to be sure that

not only will the management functions be

performed effectively, but that decisions will also

be taken in a transparent manner and principles

of corporate ethics observed. When the chips are

down, integrity and corporate ethics do count in

global trade today.

Business frauds Preventive and Predictive Maintenance

38

The level of security in the financial

institutions becomes especially important

because ultimately, as Oscar Wilde said, the

thief is the artist and the policeman only a

critic.

39

Is eliminating corruption a myth or reality? If we

believe corruption can be eliminated, it can be; if not,

it will remain a reality.

When Vivekananda went to meet Ramakrishna Paramhansa,

he asked directly, ‗Does God exist? Do you believe in Him?‘

Ramakrishna Paramhansa supposedly replied, ‗Yes, not only

do I believe in Him, but I can also make you see Him?‘

Vivekananda has also described the experience where as

Ramakrishna touched him, he felt the presence of God.

40

When it comes to business frauds, it is always

better to adopt preventive and predictive

maintenance principles rather than the breakdown

maintenance principle, which is like locking the

stable doors after the horse has bolted. A classic

example is the Harshad Mehta scam where

because of lack of computerisation in the Public

Debt Office of the Reserve Bank of India, a Rs

l8,000 crore scam was perpetrated. It was only

after the fraud was unearthed that the RBI

computerised the Public Debt Office.

41

Tata Group Chairman Ratan Tata

Tata did not enter the airline business because he wasn‘t comfortable with the notion of paying a bribe of 150 million rupees ($3.3 million) to an un-named government official.

―We went through three prime ministers, and each time there was a particular individual that thwarted our efforts to form another airline,‖ Tata said. He even quoted another industrialist that said, ―You people are very stupid. The minister wants Rs 15 crore. Why don‘t you just pay it? You want the airline.

42

• Tata‘s revelation follows the resignation of

Telecom Minister Andimuthu Raja.

• The government released a report on

Tuesday that Raja had allegedly rigged

the sale of 2G telecoms licenses for lower

prices to the companies he favored.

• The cost to the Indian government in lost

revenue has been estimated at 1.76

trillion rupees ($39 billion).

43

The need for training in computerisation and using information

technology for enhancing the level of security in the financial

institutions becomes especially important because ultimately,

as Oscar Wilde said, the thief is the artist and the policeman

only a critic.

What computerisation does is provide a means of processing

a vast amount of data, which inter alia also give an idea about

the modus operandi of fraudsters. Intelligent application of

these concepts can help in preventing corruption and fraud.

44

Ah! put in place effective punishment

One method of minimising frauds is to put in place effective punishment systems. Our legal systems are so dilatory that the guilty often escape and even if punishment is meted out, it takes a long time. Often, the fraudster has so many resources at his command that he can engage the best legal brains to buy his way to freedom.

Who should rework the punishment regimen and our legal system to ensure speedy punishment to the corrupt and the guilty?

Democratization of information and

knowledge:

The truth is that governments and citizens are fully

aware of the corruption which pervades their country.

The problem is that the people are ‗powerless‘ to stop

corruption.

Information, knowledge and patience are critical for

realizing all the human aspirations, such as,

improvement in quality of life. In the knowledge

society, in which we live today, acquisition of

information and knowledge and its application have

intense and pervasive impact on productivity gains.

45

46

The concept of Citizen Charters has been introduced to improve

the quality of public services. It ensures

accountability, transparency and quality of services provided by

various government / business organizations.

It enables citizens to avail of services with minimum hassle, in

reasonable time, and at a minimum cost. Effective

implementation of Citizens Charters will go a long way in

controlling corruption.

The Government of India has launched an ambitious

programme for formulation and implementation of Citizens

Charters in all government departments.

47

There is need to re-examine our culture, which has

normalised corruption in its many different forms.

We in India need to acknowledge the need for

introspection on our acceptance of the abuse of

power. The ―Seven Nolan Principles of Public Life‖

— selflessness, integrity, objectivity, accountability,

openness, honesty and leadership by example —

should form the standards for holding public office.

There should be regular and independent reviews

of individual and organisational functioning. The

challenge is to inspire and change individuals and

to transcend and transform societal norms.

A pluralist society with high ethics

in public life: Awake to it, India Vice of corruption can be overcome

Jai Ho

INDIA can become a Nation, which is best described in the

words of Rabindranath Tagore

"Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high;

Where knowledge is free;

Where the world has not been broken up into fragments by

narrow domestic walls;

Where words come out from the depth of truth;

Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards

perfection;

Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way into

the dreary desert sand of dead habit;

Where the mind is led by thee into ever widening thought

and action- Into that heaven of freedom, Oh Citizens, let our

country awake."

Source: Gitanjali, verse XXXV.

49

50

Shanti: Self control

51

52

53

Vichara Inquiry

54

55

Santosha Contentment

56

Satsanga Association with the Good

57

58

"We are responsible for what

we are, and whatever we wish

ourselves to be, we have the

power to make ourselves. If

what we are now has been the

result of our own past actions,

it certainly follows that

whatever we wish to be in

future can be produced by our

present actions; so we have to

know how to act. "

-- Swami Vivekananda

59

Book Details

Title: Corruption in India- Ramifications and Remedies

Publisher: Popular Prakashan

Author: S M Joshi

Edition: Hardcover

ISBN: 8171542425

About the Book:

This is the second J. P.Memorial lecture delivered by S. M.Joshi, the well-known socialist

leader on a topic of national concern - Corruption in India. S. M.Joshi advocates the fight

against corruption on three fronts - the mass front, the educational front and the political

front on the guidelines given by J. P.

About the Author(s):

S. M. Joshi, was a well known socialist leader on a topic of national concern - Corruption in

India.

Peoples Union for Civil Liberties

http://www.pucl.org/

Founded by Jaya Prakash Narayan in 1976, an organization free from political ideology in

which members of different political parties can come together on a united platform for

the defense of Civil Liberties and Human Rights. This organization led to the formation of

the Janata Party.

Corruption "n" cure

M. G. Chitkara

APH Publishing, 1997 –

60

ISBN 8170247993,

9788170247999

Length 286 pages

Subjects

Bribery

Business enterprises

Law / Criminal Law / General

Misconduct in office

Political Science / General

Political corruption

61

Right to information act

The Right to Information Act (2005) and equivalent acts in the states, that require government officials to furnish information requested by citizens or face punitive action, computerisation of services and various central and state government acts that established vigilance commissions have considerably reduced corruption or at least have opened up avenues to redress grievances. The 2006 report by Transparency International puts India at the 70th place and states that significant improvements were made by India in reducing corruption

62

Ombudsman [LokAyukta]

The LokAyukta is an anti-government corruption organization in

the Indian states. An amendment to the Constitution has been

proposed to implement the Lokayukta uniformly across Indian

States as a three-member body, headed by a retired Supreme

Court judge or high court chief justice, and comprise of the

state vigilance commissioner and a jurist or an eminent

administrator as other members .

Computerization

Bhoomi is a project jointly funded by the Govt. of India and the

Govt. of Karnataka to digitize the paper land records and create

a software mechanism to control changes to the land registry in

Karnataka. The project was designed to eliminate the long-

standing problem of inefficiency / corruption. Introduction of

smart cards for vehicle registration and drivers licenses by

Karnataka Regional Transport Organization. Enforcement

automation of traffic violations by Bangalore Traffic Police .

63

Anna Hazare’s Aandolan

• Talking at Rotary Club of Madras, Mr. Vittal said that Hazare‟s fast

turned into a big phenomena due to the confluence of several factors

such as

his charisma,

series of scams in the last one year,

people‟s wrath against political corruption, ongoing elections in some

States, exposure by the media on a continuous basis and the

participation of youth through the internet, especially social

networking sites. Anna Hazare

64

Second meeting dated 3-5-2011

• In the second round of discussions in the joint drafting committee on

the Lokpal Bill here on 2 May 2011 members of the civil society

invoked the U.N. Convention on Corruption to stress that the

underlying principle of the anti-corruption law should be to have an

independent body that covers the highest executive and the judiciary.

• The convention to which India is a signatory, but is yet to

ratify it, defines „public official‟ as any person holding a

legislative, executive, administrative or judicial office,

whether appointed or elected, whether permanent or

temporary, whether paid or unpaid irrespective of that

person‟s seniority.

65

Lokpal bill was introduced 8 times

unsuccessfully earlier The adoption of the Lokpal bill [LKPB] alone will not end

the menace of corruption but it will help fill the lacunae in

our system. _ N. Vittal, a former CVC.

“As of now, we have a deadline to the LKPB: June 30 &

Aug 15. We can‟t say whether these deadlines will be

met.”

66

According to mr. Vittal …

• India is facing a „Multiple-organ failure,‟ and

required a battery of doctors such as the Judiciary,

Election Commission, Comptroller Auditor General

of India and Central Vigilance Commission to save

it. The print and electronic media and civil society

could help these doctors to save the system.

67

• There is saving grace that the world view of an average

Indian is averse of vices. The broad masses of the people

has simple task to ask for transparency, accept the

verdict as the rule of the game what they otherwise do in

the name of their fate, burn the real life demon what they

do with the mythological ones.

• Get to zero tolerance for the perpetrators beyond all

bounds of personal links and likes. Operational side of

the campaign calls for making the institutions of

democracy efficient. It will handle much of the nexus of

political, bureaucratic and criminals.

• Jai-Ho