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Using adjectives in Italian

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Page 1: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

Using adjectives

in Italian

Page 2: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

What is agreement?• Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify

in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or feminine).

• Adjectives change their ending to agree with the noun.

• Normally, dictionaries give the masculine, singular form of the adjective, and it is up to you to change it, if necessary.

Page 3: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

Adjectives ending in "-o"These adjectives have four forms:

Singular

• Masculine, ends in -o Mario è italiano. il libro italiano• Feminine, ends in -a

Mia nonna è italiana.• la mensa

universitaria

Plural

• Masculine, ends in -i Mario e Luigi sono italiani. I libri italiani• Feminine, ends in -e

Le ragazze sono italiane. le mense universitarie

Page 4: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

Adjectives ending in "-ca"

"-ga" and "-go"These adjectives usually take an “h” in the plural:

Singular• simpatica• lungo• lunga• dinamicaBut…• stanco• simpatico

Plural• simpatiche• lunghi• lunghe• dinamicheMa…• stanchi• simpatici (no “h”)

Page 5: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

Adjectives ending in "-ista"

These adjectives have three forms:

Singular

• Masculine and feminine, ends in –ista

Mario è ottimista. Mia nonna è ottimista.

Plural

• Masculine, ends in -isti Mario e Luigi sono ottimisti.

• Feminine, ends in -isteLe ragazze sono ottimiste.

Page 6: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

Adjectives ending in "-e"

Singular• Masculine and feminine, ends

in –e

Mario è felice.Mia nonna è felice.

Plural• Masculine and feminine, ends

in –i

Mario e Luigi sono felici.Le ragazze sono felici.

These adjectives have only two forms, one for singular and one for plural. Gender does not matter with these adjectives.

Page 7: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

Rules: Regole

• If an adjective ends in -io, the o is dropped to form the plural.

• l'abito vecchio (the old suit)• gli abiti vecchi (the old suits)• Il ragazzo serio (the serious boy)• i ragazzi seri (the serious boys)

Page 8: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

More “regole”

Adjectives ending in -e are the same for the masculine and the feminine singular. Remember they have only 2 forms (singular or plural- doesn’t matter whether it’s female or male) In the plural, the -e changes to -i.

il ragazzo inglese la lezione difficilela ragazza inglese il compito difficilei ragazzi inglesi le lezioni difficilile ragazze inglesi i compiti difficili

Page 9: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

What if: Se…

Adjectives modifying two nouns of different genders are always masculine. i padri e le madre italiani (Italian fathers and mothers)

Le forchette e i coltelli brillianti

Page 10: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

Tocca a te!

• Roberto is nervous. Roberto è nervoso.• My friends (fem.) are understanding. Le amiche sono comprensive.• The baby is calm. Il bambino è calmo.• Maria is very friendly. Maria è molto espansiva.• The boys are rather timid. I ragazzi sono abbastanza timidi.

Page 11: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

Tocca a te!

• Mrs. Renzi is elegant. Signora Renzi è elegante.• Carolina’s brothers are funny. I fratelli di Carolina sono buffi.• Paolo and I are generous. Io e Paolo siamo generosi.• The book is boring. Il libro è noioso.• The books are boring. I libri sono noiosi.

Page 12: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

Tocca a te!• (dinamico; pigro) Carlo è _____________, ma la sorella di Carlo è _________.• (espansivo) Chiara e Francesca sono molto _____________.• (pessimista) Mio fratello è sempre un po’ _____________.• (antipatico; avaro) Giulia è una ragazza molto ___________, e anche molto ___________.• (stanco) Gli studenti sono ____________ la mattina.

dinamico pigra

espansive

pessimista

antipatica avara

stanchi

Page 13: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

What is adjective placement?

In English, adjectives are placed before the noun:

In Italian adjectives are usually placed after the noun:

an easy test un esame facile

Page 14: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

Did you say usually?

Page 15: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

Some common Italian adjectives are placed before

the noun, as in English.

You have to remember these adjectives.

unabellacasa

abeautifulhouse

Page 16: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

Some adjectives which precede nouns include…

• altro• molto• poco• quanto

• questo• stesso• vero• and all numbers

Page 17: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

More adjectives which normally precede nouns…

Adjectives of beauty:• bello, bruttoAdjectives of age:• giovane, nuovo, vecchioAdjectives of goodness:• bravo, buono, caro, cattivo, veroAdjectives of size:• grande, piccolo

Page 18: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

Adjectives form and agreement

• La porta chiusa • La tazza vuota • Il coltello lungo • Il gatto nero • Il presidente

americano • Il padre buono • La madre italiana • Il fiore giallo • La cantante

intelligente • La moglie simpatica

• Le porte chiuse • Le tazze vuote • I coltelli lunghi • I gatti neri • l presidenti americani • I padri buoni • Le madri italiane • I fiori gialli • Le cantanti intelligenti • Le mogli simpatiche

Page 19: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

Did you say normally?

Yes.Normally.

Page 20: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

The adjective "caro"“Caro” has different meanings depending on its placement.

Before the noun, it means “dear.”

After the noun, it means “expensive.”

una cara nonna una macchina cara

Page 21: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

Adjectives of beauty, age goodness and size can be placed after the noun for

emphasis.

Compro una nuova macchina.

Compro una macchina nuova.

Page 22: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

Tocca a te!

1. a big cityuna grande città una città grande

2. a young boyun giovane ragazzoun ragazzo giovane

3. a difficult lessonuna difficile lezioneuna lezione difficile

4. a calm studentun calmo studente uno studente calmo

5. a generous grandfatherun generoso nonnoun nonno generoso

6. a small familyuna piccola famigliauna famiglia piccola

Page 23: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

These are common adjectives that generally come before the

noun

• bello bravo • brutto buono • caro (dear) cattivo (bad)• giovane (young) grande (large; great) • lungo (long) nuovo (new)• piccolo (small, little) stesso (same)• vecchio (old) vero (true)

Page 24: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

Tocca a te!

7. the same daylo stesso giorno il giorno stesso

8. a beautiful baby (fem.)una bella bambinauna bambina bella

9. an expensive houseuna cara casauna casa cara

10. an athletic girluna sportiva ragazza una ragazza sportiva

11. an intelligent boyun intelligente ragazzoun ragazzo intelligente

12. a true friend (fem.)una vera amicaun’amica vera

Page 25: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

• caro/Sono due ragazzi.

• Sono due cari ragazzi.

Page 26: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

• universitario/Ecco la mensa.

• Ecco la mensa universitaria.

Page 27: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

• interessante/È una lezione.

• È una lezione interessante

Page 28: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

• piccolo/Gli studenti occupano un tavolo.

• Gli studenti occupano un piccolo tavolo

Page 29: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

• primo/Queste sono le copie

• Queste sono le prime copie

Page 30: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

• popolare/Sono mense.

• Sono mense popolari.

Page 31: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

• vecchio/Abbiamo una casa

• Abbiamo una vecchia casa.

Page 32: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

• francese/È una studentessa

• È una studentessa francese.

Page 33: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or
Page 34: Using adjectives in Italian. What is agreement? Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or

FINE