using cartographic representations in arcgis 9using cartographic representations in arcgis 9.2...

Using Cartographic Representations

in ArcGIS 9.2

Natalie VinesInstructor

Using cartographic Using cartographic representations representations -- OverviewOverview

1.1. Introducing cartographic representations Introducing cartographic representations –– Why do I need them?Why do I need them?–– How are they stored and maintained?How are they stored and maintained?

2.2. Working with representations Working with representations –– How do I symbolize my data with them?How do I symbolize my data with them?

3.3. Editing representations Editing representations –– How do I modify individual symbols?How do I modify individual symbols?

4.4. Using geoprocessing with representations Using geoprocessing with representations –– Managing representationsManaging representations–– refining symbologyrefining symbology

FedUC 2008: Using Cartographic Representations in ArcGIS 9.2FedUC 2008: Using Cartographic Representations in ArcGIS 9.2 22


1.1. Introducing cartographic representationsIntroducing cartographic representations

What is representation in What is representation in ArcGIS 9.2?ArcGIS 9.2?

An intelligent way to symbolize featuresAn intelligent way to symbolize featuresA solution to some common cartographic A solution to some common cartographic challenges that required workarounds in the challenges that required workarounds in the past past A storage model that stores symbol A storage model that stores symbol information in the geodatabase for reinformation in the geodatabase for re--use and use and sharingsharing


What are representations?What are representations?

Representations are:Representations are:––properties of a feature classproperties of a feature class––stored in the geodatabasestored in the geodatabase––managed through a layer managed through a layer ––sometimes called sometimes called feature class representationsfeature class representations

Representations are NOT:Representations are NOT:––a new data typea new data type––a new layer typea new layer type


Why should I use Why should I use representations?representations?

To produce a better mapTo produce a better mapTo meet exacting cartographic specificationsTo meet exacting cartographic specificationsTo generate multiple cartographic products from To generate multiple cartographic products from a single set of master feature classes a single set of master feature classes To make a clear, unambiguous, and elegant mapTo make a clear, unambiguous, and elegant mapTo reduce the time spent on manual adjustmentTo reduce the time spent on manual adjustmentTo avoid To avoid ‘‘bailing outbailing out’’ of GIS in favor of a graphics of GIS in favor of a graphics package to refine cartographic displaypackage to refine cartographic display


How are representations stored?How are representations stored?


Feature Class

Shape Field1 Field2 Field3 RuleID1 Override1

Representation1

Inside the geodatabaseInside the geodatabase

RulesOverrides

for exceptionsExplicitFields

RuleID2 Override2

Representation2

How are rules stored?How are rules stored?


Feature Class Extensions table

Shape Field1 Field2 Field3

•• In the feature class extensions tableIn the feature class extensions table

Feature table

Class RulesRules

RuleID Override

When would I not use When would I not use representations?representations?

When standard symbology is sufficientWhen standard symbology is sufficientWhen data and map are still in progressWhen data and map are still in progressWhen I only have an ArcView licenseWhen I only have an ArcView licenseWhen I want to web publish it using When I want to web publish it using ArcIMS (AXL)ArcIMS (AXL)


Representation licensing: Representation licensing: DesktopDesktop

ArcGIS Desktop Extensions

Capability

ArcInfo ArcEditor ArcView ArcReader 3D Analyst (ArcGlobe/ArcScene)

View / Print Representations

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Define Representation Rules

Yes Yes No No No

Edit Representations (Overrides)

Yes Yes No No No

Create/Delete FC Representations

Yes Yes No No No

Representation GP Tools

Yes No No No No


Representation licensing: Representation licensing: Server/Engine/MobileServer/Engine/Mobile

Server Embedded Mobile

Capability

ArcIMS ArcIMSArcMapServer

ArcGISServer

ArcGISEngineRuntime

Engine RT +

GDB Update

Extension

ArcPad

View / Print Representations

No Yes Yes Yes Yes No

Define Representation Rules

No Yes No Yes No

EditRepresentations(Overrides)

No Yes No Yes No

Create/Delete FC Representations

No Yes No Yes No

Representation GP Tools

No Yes No No No



2.2. Working with representationsWorking with representations

What can representations do?What can representations do?

Representations are an advanced way to Representations are an advanced way to symbolizesymbolizefeatures cartographically according to rulesfeatures cartographically according to rules


Data courtesy of Gobierno de la Rioja Data courtesy of Gobierno de la Rioja


Representations can draw features Representations can draw features differentlydifferently from from their spatial geometrytheir spatial geometry


Rivers are drawn smooth Rivers are drawn smooth although geometry is jaggedalthough geometry is jagged


Representations can be Representations can be datadata--drivendriven to tailor symbols to tailor symbols to featuresto features


The size of the casing and fill The size of the casing and fill is driven by attributesis driven by attributes

Streets are drawn with Streets are drawn with a single symbola single symbol

What can representations do?What can representations do?Feature classes can support Feature classes can support multiple representationsmultiple representations to display to display features differently on different maps without creating additiofeatures differently on different maps without creating additional nal filesfiles


The same data represented two waysThe same data represented two waysBoth versions are stored in the data, not in map documents or laBoth versions are stored in the data, not in map documents or layersyers


Representations can be customized for individual Representations can be customized for individual features by features by overriding propertiesoverriding properties of the representation of the representation rule to improve displayrule to improve display


Symbols are offset from their Symbols are offset from their spatial location to avoid conflictsspatial location to avoid conflicts

The rule for one park is The rule for one park is changed to not draw trees changed to not draw trees

near the park edgesnear the park edges


Making maps with representations can be Making maps with representations can be automatedautomatedusing geoprocessing using geoprocessing


Buildings oriented to the Buildings oriented to the nearest linear symbolnearest linear symbol

Bridges created at intersections Bridges created at intersections and rivers automatically maskedand rivers automatically masked

Representation rulesRepresentation rulesA representation is a collection of A representation is a collection of representation rulesrepresentation rules––Convert existing symbology to rulesConvert existing symbology to rules––Build new representation rulesBuild new representation rules

Rules create and symbolize dynamic geometry Rules create and symbolize dynamic geometry independent of spatial geometryindependent of spatial geometry

Rules can be managed in ArcCatalog or ArcMapRules can be managed in ArcCatalog or ArcMap

Representation rules can be shared using stylesRepresentation rules can be shared using stylesFedUC 2008: Using Cartographic Representations in ArcGIS 9.2FedUC 2008: Using Cartographic Representations in ArcGIS 9.2 1919

Representation rule propertiesRepresentation rule propertiesSymbol layersSymbol layers–– MarkerMarker–– StrokeStroke–– FillFill

Geometric effectsGeometric effects–– Dynamically alter Dynamically alter

display geometrydisplay geometry

Marker placement Marker placement stylesstyles–– Place representation Place representation

markers relative to markers relative to input geometryinput geometry


Representation rules Representation rule properties

Rule properties can be mapped Rule properties can be mapped to fieldsto fields


Geometric effectsGeometric effectsCan dynamically change the Can dynamically change the feature geometry before the feature geometry before the symbols are appliedsymbols are appliedProcess the geometry of all Process the geometry of all symbol layers, or just one symbol layers, or just one Can convert from one geometry Can convert from one geometry type to anothertype to anotherCan work sequentially; the result Can work sequentially; the result of one effect becomes the input to of one effect becomes the input to the next in a chainthe next in a chainCan be extensible: write your own Can be extensible: write your own


Sample geometric effectsSample geometric effects

Donut effectDonut effecton stateson states

BeforeBefore

AfterAfter

Simplify effect on grovesSimplify effect on groves


Bear Control Area

No effects

Simplify and Dashes effects

Marker Placement stylesMarker Placement stylesPosition markersPosition markers––Along lines and polygon Along lines and polygon

outlinesoutlines––Within polygonsWithin polygons–– In relation to pointsIn relation to points

Can be extensible: write your Can be extensible: write your own own


Markers spaced evenly Markers spaced evenly inside polygon featureinside polygon feature

Markers spaced Markers spaced evenly along lineevenly along line

Markers offset fromMarkers offset fromfeature coordinatesfeature coordinates

Representation markersRepresentation markers

Representation markers symbolize:Representation markers symbolize:––point representation geometrypoint representation geometry––significant locations in line or polygon significant locations in line or polygon

representationsrepresentationsas defined byas defined by representation control pointsrepresentation control points orormarker placement stylesmarker placement styles

Representation markers can be created and Representation markers can be created and modified using themodified using the Marker EditorMarker EditorRepresentation markers can be stored in a Representation markers can be stored in a style, then managed using the Style Managerstyle, then managed using the Style Manager


The Marker EditorThe Marker Editor

Interact with all elements of a representation markerInteract with all elements of a representation marker



Demonstration:Demonstration:Working with representationsWorking with representations


3.3. Editing representationsEditing representations

What is a representation What is a representation override?override?

Overrides are exceptions to the rulesOverrides are exceptions to the rulesOverrides are made while editingOverrides are made while editingProperty overridesProperty overrides––Symbol layer propertiesSymbol layer properties––Geometric effect propertiesGeometric effect properties––Marker placement style propertiesMarker placement style properties

Geometry overridesGeometry overrides––Change the shape or position of the feature Change the shape or position of the feature

representation independently of the featurerepresentation independently of the feature’’s s geometrygeometry


How do you edit How do you edit representations?representations?The representation rule The representation rule properties of individual features properties of individual features can be modified in an edit can be modified in an edit sessionsession–– update rule properties by typing update rule properties by typing

new values new values –– or, interactively with the or, interactively with the

representation editing tools representation editing tools

each modification becomes an each modification becomes an overrideoverride to the representation to the representation rulerule–– shown with a paintbrush iconshown with a paintbrush icon


Overriding representation Overriding representation geometrygeometry

Geometry can be edited using the tools on the Representation Geometry can be edited using the tools on the Representation toolbartoolbarStores an override copy of geometry in the Override field, Stores an override copy of geometry in the Override field, …… or (unusual) modifies feature geometry in Shape fieldor (unusual) modifies feature geometry in Shape field–– Only makes sense for specific data model and workflowOnly makes sense for specific data model and workflow–– This setting is a property of the representation; it is set whenThis setting is a property of the representation; it is set when

the feature class representation is createdthe feature class representation is created


Overriding representation Overriding representation geometrygeometry

Edit representation geometry without affecting feature geometry


Default database placementDefault database placement Representation geometry Representation geometry moved to resolve conflictmoved to resolve conflict(geometry override)(geometry override)

More symbol control: free More symbol control: free representationsrepresentations

If the data model doesn't accommodate the graphical If the data model doesn't accommodate the graphical need for a unique feature, use a free representation to need for a unique feature, use a free representation to symbolizesymbolizeA A free representationfree representation is a full overrideis a full override–– It has an independent rule that can be restructuredIt has an independent rule that can be restructured–– The rule itself can be changed, not just the propertiesThe rule itself can be changed, not just the properties–– The dynamic graphics created by the rule can be captured, The dynamic graphics created by the rule can be captured,

stored, and modifiedstored, and modified–– New geometry elements can be added to the feature; they will New geometry elements can be added to the feature; they will

be recognized only by the free representationbe recognized only by the free representation

FedUC 2008: Using Cartographic Representations in ArcGIS 9.2FedUC 2008: Using Cartographic Representations in ArcGIS 9.23333

Free representationsFree representations

If the data model doesn't accommodate If the data model doesn't accommodate the graphical need for a unique feature, the graphical need for a unique feature, use a free representation to symbolizeuse a free representation to symbolize

Unique representation for a featureUnique representation for a feature–– For complete control over feature displayFor complete control over feature display–– Disengages feature from ruleDisengages feature from rule–– Independent copy of the rule in theIndependent copy of the rule in the

Override fieldOverride field–– Structure of the rule can changeStructure of the rule can change–– Try more complex rules and overrides firstTry more complex rules and overrides first

D

Representation following a ruleRepresentation following a rule

Free representationFree representation

FedUC 2008: Using Cartographic Representations in ArcGIS 9.2FedUC 2008: Using Cartographic Representations in ArcGIS 9.23434

Free representationsFree representations


Automated rule Override Grid Angle and Offset properties

Edited free representation

3.3. Editing representationsEditing representationsWhen to edit representations?When to edit representations?

Only edit/override once rules are rightOnly edit/override once rules are right––Decide which layers in the map could be improved Decide which layers in the map could be improved

with more control over the symbolswith more control over the symbols––Convert the existing symbology of those layers to Convert the existing symbology of those layers to

feature class representationsfeature class representations––Adjust the representation rules to refine the Adjust the representation rules to refine the

depictiondepiction––Map properties to fields to customizeMap properties to fields to customize

Now do editsNow do edits––Override as necessaryOverride as necessary––Create free representations as a last resortCreate free representations as a last resort



Demonstration:Demonstration:Editing representationsEditing representations


4.4. Processing representationsProcessing representations

Geoprocessing tools for Geoprocessing tools for representationsrepresentations

In ArcGIS 9.2, ArcToolbox has three new toolsets in In ArcGIS 9.2, ArcToolbox has three new toolsets in the Cartography the Cartography toolbox:toolbox:–– Graphic QualityGraphic Quality–– Representation ManagementRepresentation Management–– Symbolization RefinementSymbolization Refinement


Graphic Quality toolsetGraphic Quality toolset

Detect Graphic Conflict toolDetect Graphic Conflict tool––Finds areas where representation Finds areas where representation symbology symbology

overlapsoverlaps, even if data does not, even if data does not


Representation Management Representation Management toolsettoolset

Select Feature by Override toolSelect Feature by Override tool–– Select features that have property overrides, shape overrides, Select features that have property overrides, shape overrides,

or bothor both

Update Override toolUpdate Override tool–– Moves overrides from the Override field into the explicit fieldsMoves overrides from the Override field into the explicit fields

as defined by the representation ruleas defined by the representation rule

Plus lots more:Plus lots more:–– Create RepresentationCreate Representation–– Drop RepresentationDrop Representation–– Remove OverrideRemove Override–– ……


Symbolization Refinement toolsetSymbolization Refinement toolset

Calculate Polygon Main Angle Calculate Polygon Main Angle tooltool––Finds dominant direction of a Finds dominant direction of a

polygonpolygon

Create Overpass toolCreate Overpass tool––Creates overpass masks and Creates overpass masks and

builds parapetsbuilds parapets


ModelBuilderModelBuilderGood for automationGood for automation



Demonstration:Demonstration:Processing representationsProcessing representations

ESRI Cartography Resources:ESRI Cartography Resources:Educational ServicesEducational Services

Training: :Training: : http://training.esri.com

–– Two day course: Managing Cartographic Data in the GeodatabaseTwo day course: Managing Cartographic Data in the Geodatabase

–– Free podcasts: Free podcasts: Best Practices: Working with Cartographic Representations Best Practices: Working with Cartographic Representations Planning Your Geodatabase for Cartography with ArcGIS 9.2 Planning Your Geodatabase for Cartography with ArcGIS 9.2 Using Geoprocessing Tools for Cartographic Representations Using Geoprocessing Tools for Cartographic Representations


ESRI Cartography Resources:ESRI Cartography Resources:On the Internet On the Internet

ESRI Mapping Center: http://mappingcenter.esri.com/


Thank you

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using cartographic representations in arcgis 9using cartographic representations in arcgis 9.2...

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