using poultry litter for fertility on pastures and hayfields julia gaskin, sustainable agriculture...
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![Page 1: Using Poultry Litter for Fertility on Pastures and Hayfields Julia Gaskin, Sustainable Agriculture Coordinator Agricultural Pollution Prevention Program](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062721/56649f1c5503460f94c32fcf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Using Poultry Litter for Fertility on Pastures and
Hayfields
Julia Gaskin, Sustainable Agriculture Coordinator
Agricultural Pollution Prevention Program
Biological & Agricultural Engineering Dept.
Cooperative Extension Service
University of Georgia
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Characteristics of Poultry Litter
• “3-2-2”• Varies with type of bird, ration, # of
growouts, feed efficiency, storage & handling
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Characteristics of Poultry Litter
• Nitrogen both “available” and “unavailable” – Total nitrogen = 64 lbs/ton– Ammonium nitrogen = 10 lbs/ton
• Most N is organic form• Has to be mineralized before plant
available
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Characteristics of Poultry Litter
• Ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) “volatilized”
• Lost to the atmosphere• Higher losses in hot, dry conditions
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Characteristics of Poultry Litter
Availability:N 50-60% P2O5 80-100 K2O 90-
100%
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The Value of Litter
2009 Prices
60#N x 0.50 x 0.6 = 18.00
40#P2O5 x 0.80 x 0.8 = 25.60
40#K2O x 0.70 x 0.8 = 22.40
»Total = $66.00
Slow release? Other Nutrients ? Organic Matter ? Liming ?
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Slow Release
• 80% organic N• Released slowly
over growing season
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Cattle Gains
Season of Year
StockerCattleGain
(lb/acre)
[bars]0
100
200
300
400
Winter Spring SummerAutumn
Inorganic FertilizerPoultry Litter
IF > PL
IF < PL
AverageDailyGain
(lb/day)
[lines]
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
IF > PL
IF < PL
IF > PL
Franzluebbers AJ, and Stuedemann JA. USDA ARS J. Phil Campbell, Sr. Natural Resource Center
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Other Nutrients
Calcium 43 lbs/tonMagnesium 9 lbs/tonSulfur 15 lbs/ton
MicronutrientsManganese 327 ppmCopper 287 ppmZinc 262 ppm
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Liming
• Calcium provides some liming value– about 1/10th strength of limestone)
• NW Georgia after 4 years• PL at 4 t/ac pH= 5.76• NO3NH4 (no lime) pH= 5.18
• NE Georgia after 5 years• PL at 4 t/ac pH= 6.6• NO3NH4 + lime pH= 6.0
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Organic Matter
• Does provide some organic matter– Higher organic matter soils help
prevent compaction– Increasing infiltration into soil
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Redbud Test Plots 2000 – 2003 Soils
Overappli-cation quickly increases soil test P to problem levels.
Notice increase in composted poultry litter.Very high fertility
range
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Redbud Test Plots 2000 – 2003 Water Quality
Overapplication creates potential for higher impacts to water quality
NPDES limit.
Ecological limit 0.035 mg/L.
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Will The “P Issue” Bog Us Down ?
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Litter Utilization
• Best Value = Straight from house• # 2 = Cover with plastic or stackhouse
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Timing and Amount of Application
Apply when plant needs itEarly application = Loss of N and KCalibrate spreaders
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Proper Use
• Do soil and litter testing• Apply at agronomic rate• Follow setbacks from sensitive
areas• Good neighbor relations
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WeedsStudies indicate no weed seeds in PL, BUT nutrients can stimulate weed growth
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Importance of Mineral SupplementsNutrients in Poultry Litter
Potassium 40 lbs/ton
Calcium 43 lbs/ton
Magnesium 9 lbs/ton
Sulfur 15 lbs/ton
Potential for grass tetany (Calcium/Magnesium)
Potential for copper deficiencies (Sulfur)
Need to use proper mineral supplements with any fertilization program!
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AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION PREVENTION PROGRAM
Cooperative Extension ServiceCooperative Extension Service
Biological & Agricultural Engineering Dept.Biological & Agricultural Engineering Dept.
College of Agricultural & Environmental SciencesCollege of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences
University of GeorgiaUniversity of Georgia
Sponsored by the Georgia Pollution Prevention Assistance Division
www.agp2.org