using pronouns correctly
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 6. Using Pronouns Correctly. Overview. Case Nominative Objective Possessive Special problems Appositives Elliptical constructions Reflexive and Intensive Who and whom. Diagnostic Preview Page 122. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLYChapter 6
Overview
Case Nominative Objective Possessive
Special problems Appositives Elliptical constructions Reflexive and Intensive Who and whom
Diagnostic PreviewPage 122 Number your paper 1 – 10 and
complete Diagnostic Preview – A. Proofreading Sentences for Correct Pronoun Forms.
Answers
1. She should be Her2. Correct3. Him should be He4. Her should be She5. Us should be We6. Who should be Whom7. Myslef should be I8. Correct9. You should be Your10.Whom should be who
Case
Case is the form of a noun or pronoun that shows how it is used in a sentence. The grammatical role a noun or
pronoun plays in a sentence Nominative (subjective)
Case Personal pronouns used as
subjects and as predicate nominatives (pg 125)
Objective Case Personal pronouns used as direct
objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions (pg 128)
Possessive Case Personal pronouns used to show
ownership or possession (pg 131)
Nom nom nominative case.
Nominative (Pronoun as Subject)
Objective (Pronoun as Object)
Possessive (Pronoun Showing Ownership
I Me My, mineYou You Your, yoursHe Him HisShe Her Her, hersIt It ItsWe Us Our, oursThey Them Their, theirsWho Whom WhoseWhoever Whomever whoever
The Rules
1. Use the nominative case to show the subject of a verb
(She, Her) explained the strategy
She is the subject of the verb explained
I know of no other person in the company who is as smarmy as (he, him)
He is the subject of the understood verb is
Exception Rule 1
A pronoun used as the subject of an infinitive is in the objective case: Billy Bob expects
Frankie Bob and (I, me) to make squirrel stew. Me, since it is the
subject of the infinitive to make Squirrel!
HINT
Mentally supply the missing verb. Herbert knows the material better than
(he/him) Supplying the missing verb does tells you
the correct pronoun is he.
Rules
2. A pronoun used as a predicate nominative is in the nominative case A predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun after some
form of to be (is, was, might have been, and so on). The verb to be – in all its forms, is the same as
an equal sign
It was (they, them) who first suggested getting the 90 pound puppy It was they who first suggested getting the 90 pound
puppy
It Was WeNominative = Nominative
Let’s practice
Complete Exercise 1: Using Pronouns in the Nominative Case
Answers
1. They – P.N.2. They – subject3. They – subject4. They – subject5. He – subject6. He – predicate nominative7. They – P.N.8. She – subject / they – subject9. They – subject10.She – subject / he - subject
Rules
3. Use the objective case to show that the noun or pronoun receives the action (Who, Whom) can you send
to help us? Whom is the direct object of
the verb can send. The taxidermist promised to
notify Herman and (I, me) of this plans for the moose. Me (together with Herman) is
the object of the infinitive to notify
Um, please just send the guy on the left.
Rules
4. A pronoun used in an appositive with a noun is in the same case as the noun. Appositive is a noun or pronoun placed after
another noun or pronoun to identify, explain, or rename
The bond traders, Alice and (she, her) were given bonuses large enough to buy their own banana republic The pronoun must be in the nominative case
(she) because it is in apposition with the noun bond traders.
Rules
5. Use the possessive case to show ownership The manager refused to acknowledge that the memo was
(her’s / hers) Hers is the correct spelling of the possive case, which is needed
to express ownership The boss disapproves of (me, my) leaving the office early
The meaning of the sentence requires the possessive case: my. Be careful not to confuse possessive pronouns and
contractions. Possesive pronouns ContractionsIts (belonging to it) It’s (it is)Your (belonging to you) You’re (you are)Their (belonging to them)
They’re (they are)
Whose (belonging to whom)
Who’s (who is)
Rules
6. Use the subjective case after linking verbsThink about it: because a pronoun coming after a linking verb renames the subject, the pronoun must be in the subjective (nominative) case
The flasher of the month was (I, me) Use I since the pronoun
renames the subject, flasher of the month.
Rules
7. Use –self forms correctly with reflexive or intensive situationReflexive pronouns reflect back to the subject or object The superhero embarrassed himself Unfortunately, he had to rely on himself to save the day.
Don’t use reflexive pronouns in place of subjects and objects The diner and (myself, I) had a chat.
The diner and I had a chat Intensive pronouns provide emphasis
The superhero felt that his reputation itself was at stake.
Special Problems
Appositives (non-essential information – pg 132) A pronoun used as an appositive is in
the same case as the word which it refers
A pronoun following than or as in an elliptical construction is in the same case as it would be if the construction were completed (pg 134)
Reflexive and Intensive pronoun (pg 135)
Let’s practice
Complete Exercise 2: Using Pronouns in the Objective Case on page 129
Answers
1. Them – indirect object2. Her – i.o.3. Him – i.o.4. Me – direct object5. Him – d.o. / me – d.o.6. Him – i.o.7. Him – i.o.8. Her – i.o.9. Him – d.o.10.Them – d.o.
Special problems
Who and Whom (pg 137) 3 rules
1. Use who or whoever when the pronoun is the subject of a verb1. Who said, “Mr. Kelly is like Banquo”
2. Use who or whoever when the pronoun is the predicate nominative1. The winner was who?
3. Use whom or whomever when the pronoun is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition1. Whom did he marry this time2. With whom were you dancing at his wedding?
The least you need to know Case is the form of a noun or
pronoun that shows how it is used in a sentence
English has three cases: nominative, objective, and possessive
Use the nominative case to show the subject of a verb; use the objective case to show the object of a verb; us the possessive case to show ownership.
To study
Look at the Chapter reviews on page 143 - 145