using records for high scc and mastitis problem solving- jeff reneau
DESCRIPTION
This material was presented by Jeff Reneau as part of DAIReXNET's November 11, 2010 webinar entitled "Managing Somatic Cell Counts."TRANSCRIPT
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Using records for high SCC & mastitis problem solving
Jeffrey K. ReneauProfessor Dairy Management
www.extension.umn.edu/dairy
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5 W’s & an H of Problem Solving
–Who ?–What ?–Where ?–When ?–Why ?–How ?
• I keep six honest serving-men• (They taught me all I knew);• Their names are What and
Why and When• And How and Where and
Who.Kipling “The Elephants Child”
1902
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What are the right questions?Who ?
• Dry Cows ?• Lactating Cows ?
• 1st lactation ?• Older cows ?
• Individual Cows ?
Where or When?• Seasonal?• Stage of lactation?• During dry period?• At calving?• Location / Pen ?
What or Why?• Mastitis pathogens?• Bedding management?• Cow prep?
How can we improve?
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Step 1. What is the problem?
High BTSCC
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Probability of a > 400,000 BTSCC during the next 30 daysLukas et al JDS 91: 433-441, 2008
BTSCC VARIATIONBetween Milk
Pickups (Sigma)
RANGE BTSCC AVERAGE (X 1000)
100-149 150-199 200-249 250-299 300-349 350-400
10 – 20,000 4% 6% 7%
20 – 30,000 5% 9% 14% 31% 51% 81%
30 – 45,000 7% 13% 23% 45% 68% >90%
45 – 60,000 17% 21% 33% 55% 73% >90%
60 – 75,000 23% 40% 56% 75% >90%
75–100,000 33% 44% 57% 80% >90%
100-125,000 62% 77% >90%
125-150,000 81% >90%
Mean BTSCC of herds never over 400,000 = 171,000 ± 29,000
www.extension.umn.edu/dairy
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Could solve milk quality problem overnight
Win milk quality battle but still losing mastitis war
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Step 2. Define the problemTo define the SCC problem you will need:• DHI and/or on-farm herd records• Monthly individual cow SCC tests• Clinical mastitis records• Farm observations• Bulk tank and individual cow cultures
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Level Herd SCC = number and the duration of current infections + rate of new infections
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DHI record measures of udder health
• % New infection rate estimate – Definition = cows that begin lactation with
>200,000 or during previous monthly test < 200,000 and for current month >200,000• 4-7% improving; • 8-12% maintaining;• >12% increasing
• % of herd > 200,000 (< 20%)
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DHI record measures of udder health (cont.)
• % chronic infection (< 10%)– Definition = cows with 2 or more months >
200,000
• Average Linear SCC (80% Herd LnSCC < 4 & 90% heifers LnSCC 1-3)
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Dhi scc kit
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Who? When? Where?
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New infection rate estimates
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Current SCC Evaluation
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List of high SCC cows
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Herd Detective™ - % non-infected
www.drms.org
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Identify what are the bacterial causes.
• Bulk tank milk cultures• Individual cow cultures• Bedding cultures
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Farm Observations
• Cow hygiene• Cow comfort &
well-being • Milking
procedures
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Step 3. Generate a list of possible causes
• Work with your dairy management TEAM
• Cause and effect diagram may be helpful in developing a “systems” perspective of what the problems are
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High SCC
Cause and Effect diagrams
Milking Procedure
Milking Equipment
Stall Comfort& bedding mgt.
SuppliesMilkers Damp teats
Short prep timePaperstowels
NoTrainingoffered
Dirty teat ends
Dirty cows
BT cultureHigh Env. Streps
Bedding cultureHigh Env.Streps Air slips
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Step 4. Develop an Action Plan
• Decide on a practical plan and be specific!!! – Who will be responsible for implementing the
plan? – Who will train employees? – When will the plan be implemented?
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Step 5. Carry out the plan
• Once the plan is initiated, stick to the plan! Give it chance to work
• Do NOT tinker with the plan unless THERE IS CLEAR EVIDENCE that the plan is not working
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Step 6. Set up a plan to monitor progress• BTSCC & DHI SCC• NIR all cows (<7% goal)• NIR fresh cows (<10%
goal)• % chronic (<10% goal)• % herd > 200,000 (<20%
goal)• Clinical mastitis rate
(<2% per month) Monthly • Bulk tank cultures
Use multiple monitors since no single monitor
is perfect
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Step 7. Monitor progress and adjust plan as needed
• If progress is being made, continue• If progress is not being made, then determine:
– is it a failure of the plan?– is it a failure to implement the plan?
• Be patient since progress can be slow, especially if the problem is chronic Staph aureus infections
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Take home messages• SCC/mastitis problem solving requires
team work and a systematic approach• Dairy records serve as an important tool
in SCC/mastitis diagnostics• Monthly individual cow SCC tests are
needed for an effective analysis• Routine feedback is essential for SCC
progress
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In the Quest for Milk Quality Everyone Wins
Cows……..comfort, health, productivity
Producers………profit, personal satisfaction
Processors……..product yield, self life
Consumers…….confidence in food safety and wholesomeness
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Thank You