using uml for ontology construction: a case study in agriculture
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in
Agriculture
Francois Pinet1, Pierre Ventadour1, Thomas Brun1, Petraq Papajorgji2,Catherine Roussey3, Frederic Vigier1
1 - Cemagref, France2 - IFAS-UF, USA3 - CNRS LIRIS, France
![Page 2: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Goal of the presentation:
- Step 1) Describe the process used to translate an UML model into an ontology.
- Step 2) Present how to use Description Logics to deduce knolwedge issued from this ontology.
![Page 3: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
UML for ontology construction?
- Several studies have acknowledged the benefits of using a standard modelling tool such as UML in ontology construction:
Cranefield Stephen, Purvis Martin, UML as an Ontology Modelling Language. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Intelligent Information Integration, 16th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-99), 1999.
Martin Philippe, Translations between UML, OWL, KIF and the WebKB-2 languages (For-Taxonomy, Frame-CG, Formalized English), Technical Report, May/June 2003.
IBM, Ontology Definition Metamodel, Submitted by IBM.
Schreiber Guus, A UML Presentation Syntax for OWL Lite, Technical Report, 2005.
Ect.
![Page 4: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
UML for ontology construction?
- UML is widely used and supported by a large number of tools
- UML is an open standard maintained by the Object Management Group (OMG) and it is well-known in many Universities and companies.
![Page 5: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is the UML?
• OO Unified Modelling Language
• A graphical language for modelling information system, software and …
• The language is composed by different diagrams
• Class diagrams can be used in order to model data and they may be used to model some parts of an ontology…
![Page 6: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Example of UML diagram
![Page 7: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Example of UML diagram
class
Generalization / Specialization
association
attribute mutliplicity
![Page 8: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
UMLOWL
Commun part
UML for ontology construction?Example of comparison between OWL and UML
UML/OWL Comparison can be found in:
IBM, Ontology Definition Metamodel, Fourth Revised Submission to OMG/ RFP ad/2003-03-40 Submitted by IBM, 286p.
The expressivity of the two languages are not similar.
![Page 9: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
UML OWL Class Class Instance Individual Attribute, Binary association Property Subclass Subclass N-ary Association, Association class Class, Property Enumeration oneOf Navigable, Non-navigable Domain, Range Multiplicity minCardinality, maxCardinality,
inverseOf Package Ontology
Similar concepts
![Page 10: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
UML
OWL
Animal class, Disease class, Identification property, Remark property …
+ hasDisease property having Disease as values range
(hasDisease is used to replaced the UML association)
![Page 11: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Approach experimented in the paper:
UML class diagram
Protegé (Standford University, Protégé, http://protege.stanford.edu, 2005 )
Import with UML Storage Backend Plug-In (semi-manual process – for
instance, the binary associations are not translated into properties)
OWL
« reasoning » (e.g. deducing new individuals)
Thanks to a DIG reasoner e.g. a reasoner supporting the interface defined by the DL Implementation Group (DIG - http://dl.kr.org/dig/)
ArgoUML
![Page 12: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ontology with Protégé
![Page 13: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
“Reasoning” with Protégé:
we can model an individual of Diseased_Animal as an individual belonging to Animal and having a Disease
![Page 14: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
“Reasoning” with Protégé:
we can model an individual of Diseased_Animal as an individual belonging to Animal and having a Disease
In Description Logic
Diseased_Animal:
Property of Animal
- it corresponds to the assocation between Disease and Animal in the UML class diagram
![Page 15: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
“Reasoning” with Protégé:
we can model an individual of Diseased_Animal as an individual belonging to Animal and having a Disease
Animal
It possible to classify the animals with a DIG Reasoner
Diseased_Animal Not(Diseased_Animal)
Diseased_Animal:
In Description Logic
![Page 16: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Description Logic
- Description logics (DL) are a family of knowledge representation languages to represent the terminological knowledge of an application domain. They came from AI.
- The name description logic refers:- to concept descriptions used to describe a domain and, - to the logic-based semantics linked with the first-order logic.
- The first DL was KL-ONE (by Brachman and Schmolze, 1985). other DL systems: LOOM (1987), BACK (1988), KRIS (1991), CLASSIC (1991), FaCT (1998) and lately RACER (2001), CEL (2005), and KAON 2 (2005).
![Page 17: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
- OWL DL is partially based on a DL named
Description Logic
- Another example in DL:
Parent = Person Child.Person
« Formally speaking, the set of all the parents is the intersection between:
- the set of persons and,
- the set of individuals having a child who is a person »
![Page 18: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Description LogicExamples of DL syntax:
C1 … Cn Animal Male“the male animals”
C1 … Cn Insect Animal“the insects and the animals”
C Mammal“all expect the mammals”
P.C (universal quantifier) hasEmployee.Farmer“individuals only employingfarmers”
P.C (existential quantifier) hasEmployee.Farmer“individuals employing one farmer or more”
![Page 19: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Recursive definitions are possible:
The class D of all the descendants of animals having a disease:
D =
Animal
parent.(Diseased_Animal D )
“An individual in D is an animal which has a parent having a disease or which is a descendant of an individual of D”.
Starting from a set of diseased animals, it is possible with Protégé and a DIG reasoner to deduce all the descants of animals having a disease.
![Page 20: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Link between individuals deduced during the reasoning process can be viewed with Jambalaya (Protégé Plug-In)
Animal 1
Animal 2
Animal 3
DISEASED ANIMAL class
ANIMAL class
![Page 21: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Conclusion
From UML models to knowledge reasoning, we experimented the use of:
- ArgoUML (to draw UML diagrams)
- Protégé:
- UML Storage Backend Plug-In (to translate some parts of the UML diagram)
- Jambalaya (to show the result of the reasoning)
- DIG Reasoner (Fact++)
![Page 22: Using UML for Ontology construction: a case study in Agriculture](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032504/55c2c501bb61ebd2178b478f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Perspectives
- An important research field consists of extending the UML class diagrams in order to model all the main ontology constructs.
- Another research field is related to the use of the Object Constraint Language of UML (Warmer and Kleppe 1999).
- Goal of this approach = to allow describing directly in OCL, logical expressions for the automatic reasoning (Cranefield and Purvis 1999).