ut thickness

7/31/2019 Ut Thickness

1/130

HELLIER


2/130

HELLIER

WELCOME TO THE

UT THICKNESSCOURSE

24 Hour Course. Class Hours: 8:00am to 4:30pm.

Breaks: At the discretion of the instructor.

Lunch: 1 hour - 11:30 - 12:30 Restrooms:

Safety:


3/130

HELLIER

COURSE OBJECTIVES

Purpose: Present the body of knowledge of

Ultrasonic Thickness Testing

Objective: Impart an understanding of the

following topics of UT Thickness Inspection Principals and Theory

Equipment and Materials

Techniques and Calibrations Inspection Variables

Procedures and Specifications


4/130

HELLIER

STUDENT OBJECTIVES

Purpose: Learn the body of knowledgefor Ultrasonic Thickness Testing

Objectives: To achieve an

understanding of UT thicknessinspection and a proficiency in usingportable ultrasonic thickness gages fortaking thickness measurements.


5/130

HELLIER

LETS GET ACQUAINTED.

Name: Company:

Job Title:

Background:


6/130

HELLIER

CLASS FORMAT

Instructor led presentation of information

Informal open discussion

Ask pertinent questions

Be respectful of others


7/130

HELLIER

PERSONNEL CERTIFICATION

SNT-TC-1A

NAS 410

CP 189 ISO 9712

ACCP

CSWIP CGSB

AWS-NDE

Employer Certification

Central Certification


8/130

HELLIER

NDT PERSONNEL

QUALIFICATION AND

CERTIFICATION

Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A:

Guidelines for NDT PQ&C to assist theemployer

Published by ASNT

Uniform procedures for the qualification andcertification

Satisfy the employer's specific requirements.


9/130

HELLIER

QUALIFICATION AND

CERTIFICATION


10/130

HELLIER

NDT NAMES

NDTNondestructive Testing

NDI Nondestructive Inspection

NDENondestructive Examination or

Evaluation

Common NamesZyglo test, Magnaflux

test, Sonic test, etc.


11/130

HELLIER

ELEMENTS OF A

NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST

Source which provides a probing medium

Changes to the probing medium

Detect the changes

Record or indicate the changes Interpret the cause of the changes


12/130

HELLIER

DEFINITIONS

Indication - Response from an NDT Test False - Caused by improper technique;

usually not repeatable Non-relevant - Condition in the part;

intentional or unintentional Relevant - Unintentional discontinuity in

the part

Discontinuity - An interruption in thephysical structure of the test piece that maybe intentional or unintentional


13/130

HELLIER

DEFINITIONS

FlawAn unintentional discontinuity, an

imperfection; which may, or may not be,

rejectable

Rejectable Discontinuity - A flaw related to

a relevant indication that exceeds the

acceptance criteria; a rejectable, relevantindication.


14/130

HELLIER

DEFINITIONS

Defecta discontinuity that will cause the

part not to be used for its original purpose.A condition that will render the part not

useable or that could cause part failure or

malfunction


15/130

HELLIER

NDT Interpretation/Evaluation Flowchart

Indication

Accept Reject

Non-

Relevant?

Relevant

IndicationFalse?

Violate

Acceptance

Criteria?

Use?

No No

IgnoreNo No

Interfere

with

Inspection?

Yes

Re-Process

Yes Yes

Yes Interpretation

Evaluation


16/130

HELLIER

MAJOR NDT METHODS

VT AE

PT NRT

MT TIR

UT AE

RT VAET Laser Methods


17/130

HELLIER

ADVANTAGES OF NDT

All of these methods of NDT share somecommon advantages:

Increased product reliability

Increased product safety

Increased productivity

Increased profitability

Increased product serviceability

Minimized product liability


18/130

HELLIER

ADVANTAGES OF NDT

However, they also share a common

limitation:

The NDT method applied, regardless ofthe equipment and materials used, will

only be as effective as the inspector skill

allows. It is not a panacea!


19/130

HELLIER

ULTRASONIC INSPECTION

Inspection method using sound

Introduces high frequency sound

waves into test object.

Measures two quantities:

time for sound to travel.

amplitude of received signal.


20/130

HELLIER

HISTORY

1880 Curie brothers discoveredpiezoelectricprinciple.

Certain crystals develop a voltage when

pressure is applied.

1881 Lippman discovered the piezoelectric

principle operates in reverse.

Piezoelectric crystals will change shape

when a voltage is applied.


21/130

HELLIER

HISTORY (CONTINUED)

1929 Sokolov performed thru-transmission.

Continuous wave travels through material

under test.

Displays transmitted and received signals.


22/130

HELLIER

HISTORY (CONTINUED)

1941 Floyd Firestone (US) and James

Sproule (England) developed pulse - echo

test instruments.

Echoes reflected from material boundaries

and discontinuities provide test signals.


23/130

HELLIER

UT THICKNESS APPLICATIONS

Discontinuity detection.

Thickness measurements.

Corrosion/Erosion. Pipe Wall Thickness.

Vessel Wall Thickness.

Plastics

Precision Measurements


24/130

HELLIER

UT - ADVANTAGES

Deep penetration into material. Portable equipment: battery powered.

Pulse echo requires one sided accessibility only.

Accurate for thickness measurement and

discontinuity location.

Permits volumetric examination.

Suitable for go/no-go testing: audible & visible

alarms.

No known hazards


25/130

HELLIER

UT - LIMITATIONS

Test object must be able to conduct sound.

Fine grained, elastic material.

Liquid couplant is required.

Requires a trained operator.

Discontinuities just below surface may not be

detected.

Dead Zone


26/130

HELLIER

WHAT IS SOUND

Mechanical energy

propagating through amaterial in the form

of pressure waves.


27/130

HELLIER

UT instrument produces an electrical pulse

Transducer:

Converts electrical pulse to sound energy.which travels through the material

Returning echoes are converted back into

an electrical signal

UT instrument processes the returning

signals for display

GENERATION OF SOUND


28/130

HELLIER

ULTRASONIC TESTING

Ultrasonic Transducer

Like a speaker when transmitting;

Like a microphone when receiving

Piezoelectric Effect:

Apply electrical energy, mechanical

energy is produced Apply mechanical energy, electrical

energy is produced


29/130

HELLIER

PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT

When exposed to an alternating current anelement expands and contracts

- + + - - +


30/130

HELLIER

WAVE MOTION

The pressure in the sound waves displacethe molecules in the material.

Various wave modes can be generated.Longitudinal, Shear, and Surface

Wave modes are defined by their particle

motion relative to direction of sound wavetravel.


31/130


32/130

HELLIER

VELOCITY

Measured in distance travelled per unit oftime.

Inches/second (in/sec)

Inches/microsecond (in/ sec) Kilometers/second (km/sec)

meters/second (m/sec)

centimeters/microsecond (cm/ sec)

Velocity is affected by temperature


33/130

HELLIER

LONGITUDINAL WAVES

Also known as Compressional Waves

Particle Vibrations parallel to the direction

of wave propagation.

Propagation

Particle vibrations


34/130

HELLIER

LONGITUDINAL WAVES

Alternating zones of compression (highpressure) and rarefaction (low pressure)

Propagation

Particle vibration

Travel in solids, liquids and gases.

Highest velocity of all wave modes.


35/130

HELLIER

SHEAR WAVES

Vibrations at right angles to the direction of

propagation.

Finds flaws not parallel to the surface

Propagation

Particle vibration

Not used with thickness gages


36/130

HELLIER

SURFACE WAVES

Elliptical vibrations

Special wave at the surface of the part

Finds cracks and scratchesNot used with thickness gages


37/130

HELLIER

SOUND WAVE MEASURMENTS

Cycle: A complete repetition of particlemotion

Frequency: Number of cycles of vibration

per second

Wavelength: Distance the sound wave

travels during a cycle


38/130

HELLIER

FREQUENCY

Frequency Ranges: Audible range: 20 to 20,000 Hz.

Ultrasound: above 20,000 Hz.

Commercial testing: 100 kHz to 25 MHz.

Frequency units:

Hertz (Hz): cycle per second.

Kilohertz (KHz): thousand cycles per second.

Megahertz (MHz): million cycles per second.


39/130

HELLIER

WAVELENGTH

Distance sound travels during one cycle.Measured from one point on cycle to an

identical point on the next cycle.


40/130

HELLIER

WAVELENGTH/ FREQUENCY

f

V

V = velocity

f = frequency

= wavelength

V = f

Frequency and wavelength are inversely

proportional frequency increases, wavelength decreases

frequency decreases, wavelength increases


41/130

HELLIER

SOUND BEAM GEOMETRY

Near

Field

Far

Zone

Intensityvaries

Beam Diverges (Spreads)

Distance

Yo


42/130

HELLIER

SOUND BEAM AREAS

Near Field:

Far Field:

Yo(Near Field Length): Distance


43/130

HELLIER

THE SOUND BEAM

The length of the near field can be

calculated from the following formula:

V

fDN

4

2

V

fDN

4

2

Where:

N = Near Field Length (mm) f = Frequency (MHz)

D = Crystal Diameter (mm) V = Velocity (Km/sec)


44/130

HELLIER

NEAR ZONE

The larger the diameter the longer thenear zone

The higher the frequency the longer the

near zone The lower the velocity the longer the near

zone

V

fDD

4

4Near Zone

22


45/130

HELLIER

THE SOUND BEAM

Beam Divergence can be calculated from

the following formula:

fD

V.arcsin

221

Where:

= Beam Divergence Angle f = Frequency (MHz)

D = Crystal Diameter (mm) V = Velocity (Km/sec)


46/130

HELLIER

BEAM SPREAD

The larger the diameter the less the beam spread

The higher the frequency the less the beam spread

The lower the velocity the less the beam spread

Df

KV

D

KSine or

2


47/130

HELLIER

ATTENUATION

Material Loss Attenuation:Scattering of sound by grain structure of

the material.

Conversion of sound energy into heat

Sound amplitude lost due to:

Attenuation

Beam Spread.


48/130

HELLIER

SOUND AT AN INTERFACE

At an acoustic interface sound will be reflected

and/or transmitted across the interface

Reflected

Transmitted

InterfaceInterface

Incident Wave

Interface: Boundary between two materials


49/130

HELLIER

ACOUSTIC INTERFACE

Boundary between two materials withdifferent acoustic impedance values.

Reflected

Transmitted

Acoustic

Interface

The amount reflectedand transmitted

depends upon the

acoustic impedancesof the two materials.


50/130

HELLIER

ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE (Z)

Impedance: Opposition a material offers to thepropagation of sound travelling through thematerial.

The greater the ratio (mismatch) between the

two impedances of the materials,

The greater the percentage of sound reflected.

Z = V xV = Velocity = Density

C O C S


51/130

HELLIER

REFLECTION PRINCIPLES

100%

2

12

12

ZZ

ZZRE

Formula for reflected energy (RE):

Z1 = impedance of the first material the sound is in

Z2 = impedance of the material the sound reaches

Note: Due to the Law of Conservation of Energy

Transmitted Energy = 100% - Reflected Energy


52/130

HELLIER

TRANSDUCER DESIGNS FOR

THICKNESS GAGING

Single crystal: materials > 1/2 thick.

Dual crystal: corroded and erodedmaterials.

Delay line: thin materials with parallel

surfaces.

CONTACT TRANSDUCER


53/130

HELLIER

CONTACT TRANSDUCER

DESIGN

Crystal thickness determines frequency of

vibrations.

Electrodes establish electrical contact

with the crystal.

Wear plate provides protective contact

surface. Damping controls crystal ringing;

absorbs rear sound waves.

SINGLE ELEMENT


54/130

HELLIER

SINGLE ELEMENT

TRANSDUCER

ExternalHousing

ConnectorElectricalLeads

InnerSleeve

Backing

ActiveElement

WearPlateElectrodes

ElectricalNetwork

Used on thicker materials; > 1/2.


55/130

HELLIER

DUAL ELEMENT TRANSDUCER

ExternalHousing

ConnectorAcoustic

BarrierTransmitting

Element

Receiver

Element

Delay

Material

AngularSoundPath

Test Sample

Thickness gaging of corroded and eroded

materials.


56/130

HELLIER

DUAL CRYSTAL

Used to detect reflectors

approximately parallelto test surface.

Measure: Thickness

Corrosion

Erosion

Transmitter Receiver

Sound beam is reflected and refracted intothe receiving element



57/130

HELLIER

DUAL ELEMENT TRANSDUCERSound reflecting off of bottom of test piece

back into the transmitting side of thetransducer.

Material is too thin for the transducer

This is referred to as DOUBLING.



58/130

HELLIER


Sound reflecting off of bottom of test piece

reflects beyond the receiving side of the

transducer.

Mode Conversion occurs

Shear Wave gives the

thickness readout.

1 TIMES THICKNESS

Material is too thick for the probe


59/130

HELLIER

Introducessound perpendicular (normal) to the

test surface. Improves near surface resolution.

DELAY TRANSDUCER

Electrical connectors

Damping

Crystal

Plastic delay tip

Detection of discontinuities near test surface.

Thickness measurement of thin materials

ULTRASONIC INSTRUMENT


60/130

HELLIER

ULTRASONIC INSTRUMENT

FUNCTIONS The instrument contains six basic sections:

INSTRUMENT FUNCTIONS


61/130

HELLIER


Connecting a probe and coupling it to thetest object completes the test system


62/130

HELLIER

INSTRUMENT FUNCTIONSThe Power Supply provides voltage from the

AC or batteries to drive the other instrumentcircuits



63/130

HELLIER


The clock initiates the chain of events that

results in one complete cycle of an

ultrasonic test



64/130

HELLIER


The clock emits s trigger signals, repeated at

the pulse repetition frequency (PRF)

Depending on instrument, the PRF may be:

Set by the operator

self-adjusting/ or both

The proper PRF depends on the part

thickness

When PRF is too fast, wraparound(display

of echoes from previous test cycles) occurs


65/130

HELLIER


The clock triggers the Timebase and Pulserat regular, evenly spaced intervals



66/130

HELLIER


The timebase initiates time/distance displayon the instruments horizontal scale

used for distance readout



67/130

HELLIER

INSTRUMENT FUNCTIONS The pulser sends initial pulse to transducer,

causing sound to enter the test object initial pulse goes through the

Receiver/Amplifier to the display


68/130

HELLIER


The Initial Pulse is a fast rising, high voltage

pulse that activates the transducer

Duration of transducer ringing determinesthe length of the dead zone

Dead zone is the depth range in the test

material where relevant indications arehidden inside the Initial Pulses indication


69/130

HELLIER


Sound travels through the test object as

time elapses along the display


70/130

HELLIER


Sound reflects from material boundariesand discontinuities



71/130

HELLIER

INSTRUMENT FUNCTIONS Transducer echo voltage is processed by the

receiver and displayed

Echo height is determined by reflected sound


72/130



73/130

HELLIER


Time base Controls

Velocity Control

adjusts the amount of time displayed

along the horizontal scale to

correspond with sound travel time

through material of a particular

velocity



74/130

HELLIER


Pulser Controls

Pulser Energy Control

adjusts the size of the Initial Pulse

Damping Control adjusts transducer performance for

resolution versus penetrating power

Note: Both Pulser Energy and Dampingaffect duration of the dead zone



75/130

HELLIER


Receiver processes and amplifies signals

going to the Display

Processing is provided by detector and

filter sub-circuits

Detector sub-circuit can provide choice of

various types of signal passing through the

receiverRF or Selected video mode



76/130

HELLIER

INSTRUMENT FUNCTIONSComparison of RF and all Video modes

Negative half is often used to present a more

narrow echo (better resolution) for thickness

testing

COUPLANTS


77/130

HELLIER

COUPLANTS

Liquid (usually) used to exclude air fromthe path of the sound beam.

Considerations

Wetting Ability Viscosity

Reactivity

Ease of removal

Expense

TYPICAL COUPLANTS


78/130

HELLIER

TYPICAL COUPLANTS

Water Oil

Cellulose and water mixture

Grease/Petroleum Jelly

Commercially preparedHigh temperature couplants

THICKNESS INSPECTION


79/130

HELLIER

THICKNESS INSPECTION

Thickness inspection incorporates:

Pulse Echo Technique

Resonance Method

Measurements are made of:

Thickness of new parts Erosion / Corrosion

C SS CO S A O S


80/130

HELLIER

THICKNESS CONSIDERATIONS

Calibration procedure should be followed

Couplant should be thin as possible

Part surfaces should be smooth

Part surfaces should be parallel

Gage gives reading of first large echo

Need to verify actual reflector at times A-Scan Gages provide this verification



81/130

HELLIER


Use two point calibration when possible

Calibration block

Known, documented NIST thickness

Same material as part being inspected

Similar temperature to the part

High temperature increases part thickness Insure new reading for each location

SOUND TRAVEL GEOMETRY


82/130

HELLIER

SOUND TRAVEL GEOMETRY

Digital Thickness gages measure distances to

reflectors which are parallel to the partssurface

Straight beam transducer

Dual Element transducer

Delay Transducer

BASIC TEST TECHNIQUE


83/130

HELLIER


PULSE-ECHO

Test object information provided by

reflected sound energy

Individual echo signal for each reflector

perpendicular to beam axis



84/130

HELLIER


PULSE-ECHO

Displayed Information: echoes reflected

from acoustic interfaces



85/130

HELLIER


RESONANCE

Resonance tests are used for thickness

measurements

Continuous wave of variable frequency

Resonance occurs when material

thickness equals 1/2 of wavelength

Has been replaced by pulse-echo method Still used in aerospace for thickness

readings and bond-testing



86/130

HELLIER

S C S C N QU

RESONANCE

Displayed Information is derived from

fundamental and harmonic frequencies


87/130

HELLIER

DATA PRESENTATION

Display hardware

Electro-luminescent displays

Liquid crystal displays

Paper chart recorders

Digital readouts

Computer screens

DATA PRESENTATION


88/130

HELLIER

DATA PRESENTATION

A-scan

horizontal scale:

displays time to

indicate distance

vertical scale:

displays

transducer output

voltage to indicate

echo amplitude

DATA PRESENTATION


89/130

HELLIER

DATA PRESENTATION

Digital Readouts

B-scan

Side view of test object:

profile of interfaces

reflecting sound beam

Immersion Testing Digital Thickness Gages

Computer Applications

TIME/DISTANCE


90/130

HELLIER

RELATIONSHIP

Velocity is different in different materials

Accurate calibration is crucial

Gage converts travel time to thickness

Thickness = (Velocity) (Time)2


91/130

HELLIER

THICKNESS GAGING

Uses High Frequency Sound Waves

Typically 5.0 MHz thru 20.0 MHz

Longitudinal Sound Energy

Thickness Measurement From One Side

Nondestructive

PRECISION THICKNESS


92/130

HELLIER

PRECISION THICKNESS

GAGING Single Element Transducers

Highly Damped, Delay Transducers

Provides High Degree Of Accuracy

New Materials for Quality Control

Metals, Plastics, Glass and Composites

CORROSION THICKNESS


93/130

HELLIER

CORROSION THICKNESS

GAGING Uses Dual Element Transducers

Erosion/Corrosion

Typically on Metal

Irregular/Pitted Reflecting Surface

DUAL ELEMENT


94/130

HELLIER

TRANSDUCER ON CORRODED

MATERIAL

Roof angle focuses sound at the base of

pits.

TX RX

SINGLE ELEMENT


95/130

HELLIER

SINGLE ELEMENT

TRANSDUCER ON

CORRODED MATERIAL

Much of the sound is scattered away from

the transducer.

DUAL ECHO AMPLITUDES


96/130

HELLIER

DUAL ECHO AMPLITUDES

First Echo is not

always the Largest

Due to: Roof Angle

Thickness

Material Velocity Delay Material

TX RX

First

Backwall

Echo

Second

Backwall

Echo

1 st Echo

2 nd Echo

DUAL ELEMENT


97/130

HELLIER

DUAL ELEMENT

ADVANTAGES

Roof Angle narrows the beam for pits

High Temp. capabilities ( 1,000 F)

Separate Elements

Use Higher Initial System Gain

Better near surface Resolution

Stable Readings on Rough Entry Surfaces

CHOOSING TRANSDUCERS


98/130

HELLIER

CHOOSING TRANSDUCERS

Material Carbon steel

Cast material

Aluminum

Thickness Range

Min and Max thickness

Geometry

Min Diameter

Convex/Concave Surface

Surface Condition


99/130

HELLIER

TRANSDUCER CRITERIA

Frequency

Higher Frequency -- Better Resolution

Higher Frequency -- Better Sensitivity

Roof Angle

Steeper Angle Will Have Shorter Focus

Delay Material for High Temperature

THICKNESS GAGING


100/130

HELLIER

THICKNESS GAGING

PERFORMANCE VARIABLES Penetration: Ability to pass through a

material interface. Improves with longer wavelength.

Wavelength increased by decreasing

frequency.

THICKNESS GAGING


101/130

HELLIER

THICKNESS GAGING

PERFORMANCE VARIABLES Resolution: Ability to individually display

reflectors located at slightly differentdepths along the sound beam.

Resolution increases with an increase

in bandwidth and/or frequency.

ZERO OFFSET ERROR


102/130

HELLIER

ZERO OFFSET ERROR

Incorrect Zero Offsets

With Worn Transducers

On Curved Surfaces

On Rough Surfaces

ZeroBlock

Worn Probeon CurvedPipe

WornProbeon Zeroblock

RoughSurface

ZEROOFFSET

ZERO

OFFSET

ZEROOFFSET

ZEROOFFSET

Caused by Built In Test Block

AUTO PROBE RECOGNITION


103/130

HELLIER

AUTO PROBE RECOGNITION

Optimizes setup and receiver gain.

Transducer V-Path correction.

Accurate measurements over largethickness ranges.

TrueThickness

Sample

AngularSound Path

TX RX

AUTO ZERO COMPENSATION


104/130

HELLIER

Measures Time Through

Transducer

Tracks Transducer Wear

Compensate For Thermal

Drift At Elevated

Temperatures

RxDelay

TxDelay

Uncouple and Press Zero Key to:

ECHO-TO-ECHO


105/130

HELLIER

Standard = [1 Coating]+[1 Metal] + [1 Metal] + [1 Coating]

Measurment 2

Total Thickness

Coating and Metal

Echo-to-Echo = [-1 Coating]+[1 Me tal] + [1 M etal] + [1 Coating]Measurment 2

Thickness ofMetal Only

Coating

Metal

2 METAL

2 METALCOATING

2 METAL+2CCOATING

1st ECHO 2nd ECHO 3rd ECHO

2 METALCOATING COATING

SoundEntry

AUTOMATIC ECHO-TO-ECHO


106/130

HELLIER

No Gates To Set

Gage Automatically Finds The Two

Highest Back wall Signals

Marker Indicates Detected Echoes

Users Verifies Proper Detection

MANUAL ECHO-TO-ECHO


107/130

HELLIER

User Selects Detection By Adjusting:

Signal Amplitude Blanking Gate

TWO POINT CALIBRATION


108/130

HELLIER

Try to Calibrate On Actual Samples

Having The Same Surface Conditions

Same Geometry

Same Material

Cal Velocity

Enter Max Sample Thickness Enter Min Sample Thickness

Cal Zero

THICKNESS GAGE


109/130

HELLIER

ADVANTAGES

Size and Cost Ease of Calibration and Operation

Auto Probe Recognition

V-Path Correction

Auto Zero Compensation

Greater Data Logging Capability

Thru Paint Echo-to-Echo Measurements

Better Thickness Accuracy

THICKNESS ACCURACY


110/130

HELLIER

THICKNESS ACCURACY

Thickness measurement accuracy usingA-Scan gages is dependent on:

Detection

Flanking Gate DetectionPeak Gate Detection

Screen ResolutionNumber of Pixels

FLANKING GATE DETECTION


111/130

HELLIER

Accuracy Affected By:

Coupling Pressure

Echo Amplitude

Leading Edge Shape

Transducer Alignment

Front Surface

Condition

Backwall SurfaceCondition

Material Properties

SIGNAL

AMPLITUDE

AT 50dB

SIGNAL

AMPLITUDE

AT -6 dB

THRESHOLD

GATE

Detection 1

Detection 2

PEAK DETECTION


112/130

HELLIER

Dual Signals Have Multiple

Peaks

Peaks Change Due To:

Transducer Alignment

Surface Condition

Coupling Pressure

Backwall Surface Condition

Grain Structure

Peak Detection Is Less Sensitive

to pits

TIME TOPEAK

PEAKSIGNAL

PEAKGATE

PEAKSIGNAL

PEAKGATE

TIME TOPEAK

ALGORITHMS AND DSP


113/130

HELLIER

Leading Edge of Echo is AutomaticallyDetected

Calibrated Accuracy Maintained When Gain

Is Adjusted System Runs At Lower Gain And Yields A

Cleaner Waveform

THE WAVEFORM


114/130

HELLIER

ADVANTAGE

Voids, Disbonds And Flaws Can CauseInternal Reflections

Problem Solution

Disbond Detected Disbond ReflectionBlanked Out

Disbond

SURFACE NOISE


115/130

HELLIER

SU C NO S

Sound energy reflects from rough surfaces

and high impedance materials.

Rough Surface Aluminum

Problem Solution 1 Solution 2

Reading SurfaceReflections

Surface NoiseBlanked Out

Reduce Gain

GRAIN REFLECTION


116/130

HELLIER

Reading GrainNoise

Grain NoiseBlanked Out

Reduce Gain

Problem Solution 1 Solution 2

Large Internal ReflectionsFrom Grain Boundaries

Can Cause False Readings

FEATURES FOR

HIGH TEMP APPLICATION


117/130

HELLIER

HIGH TEMP APPLICATION

Gain Adjust (Add Gain )

Fast Update Rate (20 Reading/Sec)

Freeze Waveform

Probe Zero (Correct for Thermal Drift)

Save Data

Waveform Thickness

Gain Settings

HIGH TEMPERATURE


118/130

HELLIER

COUPLING TECHNIQUES Use Appropriate Couplant for Temp Range

F-2 Medium Temps Below 260oC (500o F)

E-2 High Temp For 260 - 500oC (500-1000o F)

Apply Couplant To Transducer Tip

Use Firm Coupling Pressure

Limit Contact Time To Five Seconds

Wipe Transducer And Press Zero Key To

Compensate For Transducer Drift


119/130

DATALOGGER INPUT


120/130

HELLIER

PRE-LOAD

BARCODE WAND


121/130

HELLIER

Plugs Into RS-232 Port

Reads Standard 3 of 9

(39) Labels

Internal Barcode

Software Is Standard

on All 26DL PLUSS

0.267

ID:TML 1.00

THk: 0.286

BA

RCODEWAND

*

BARCODE WAND


122/130

HELLIER

Scan Barcode Tags

From Drawings

Scan Barcode Tags

Located On TheEquipment

TML: 1.000.200

TML: 6.000.285

TML: 3.000.205

TML: 4.000.236

TML: 2.000.225

TML: 9.000.210

TML: 10.000.231

TML: 7.000.300

TML: 8.000.310

TML: 5.000.241

COM PANY: XYZ CORPORATIONDESCRIPTION: REBOILER #3, BLD 14 2NDATE: 9/16/96 DRAWING: # 85236

REV: C

Build Files As You Go Jump To Scanned Location In Pre-loaded

File

INTERFACE PROGRAMS


123/130

HELLIER

N C OG MS

Usually free with gage purchase Bi-directional communication

Some use standard ASCII data

Store data for future on version/import into:

Other inspection programs

Word processing software

Spread sheet programs

INTERFACE PROGRAMS


124/130

HELLIER

Print/Read Files and Waveforms

Edit Files

Produce Color Reports

Create/Load Different File Formats

Create Statistics Reports

INTERFACE PROGRAM

STATISTICS


125/130

HELLIER

STATISTICS

Identifier Thickness

COLOR CODED FILEPRESENTATION


126/130

HELLIER

PRESENTATION

Easy Conversion Of Boiler And Grid Files

Up To Seven Different Ranges And Colors

Change Display Size and File Orientation

Show Colors only

OTHER DATAMANAGEMENT PROGRAMS


127/130

HELLIER

MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS

Credo Chartex Software UK

Cortran Rios Software UK

DataMate Krautkramer USA UltraPipe Krautkramer USA

EMPRV EDS (under development) USA

EPRI Check/Works EPRI USA

IDM Exxon USA Meridium (under development) USA

PIPE Sys Atomic Software UK

Name Manufacturer Country

Keyboard Lock


128/130

HELLIER

Keyboard Lock

Press

36Simultaneously

Allows the operator to lock allkeys except ON/OFF and DIFF

Press again to un-lock the keyboard.

Change Hold/Blank


129/130

HELLIER

Change Hold/Blank

Press and Hold

2MEAS

Then Press

Allows the operator to

switch between the displayHOLD and the displayBLANK conditions whenno measurement is beingmade (LOS).

and release both


130/130

ut thickness

Documents