uteland butte member, green river...
TRANSCRIPT
Two emerging tight oil plays in Utah have gained significant traction in the past few years, renewing interest in two historically productive basins. The Utah Geological Survey is conducting a multi-year, U.S. Department of Energy-funded study of these two distinct tight oil plays, utilizing newly acquired core and associated data. The lacustrine Uteland Butte Member of the Green River Formation records the first major transgression of Eocene Lake Uinta after the deposition of the alluvial Colton Formation in the Uinta Basin. The main horizontal drilling objective, as analyzed in several cores, is a 2- to 7-foot-thick interval of fractured dolomite, with porosities between 14 and 30%, interbedded with organic-rich limestone and shale. TOC values in the adjacent rocks range between 2 and 5%, while Ro values range between 0.7 and 1.1%, indicating the reservoir is most likely self-sourcing. The Cane Creek shale is a transgressive-regressive marine sequence in the lower portion of the Pennsylvanian Paradox Formation, Paradox Basin. The Cane Creek is tens of feet to nearly 200 feet thick, over- and underlain by beds of salt, and divided into A, B, and C intervals (in descending order). The B interval is the primary hydrocarbon source rock and productive zone, consisting of black organic-rich shale, dolomite, dolo-mitic siltstone, very fine sandstone, and some anhydrite. Significant porosity (up to 15%) is found in the dolomitic siltstone and sandstone, but permeability is generally low (roughly 0.1 mD); naturally occurring frac-tures are necessary for economic production. The A and C intervals, mostly dolomite and anhydrite, are the seals for the B interval, helping prevent fracture communication with the adjacent salt beds. A refined geological and reservoir characterization study of these two tight oil plays, using newly acquired core and geophysical logs, is currently underway to help delineate play boundaries, guide resource esti-mates, and inform recovery methods.
ABSTRACT Project funded by: U.S. Department of Energy - National Energy Technology
Laboratory and Utah Geological Survey
Michael D. Vanden Berg, Craig D. Morgan, and Thomas C. Chidsey, Jr. Utah Geological Survey, Salt Lake City, Utah
Analyzing Core from Two Emerging Tight Oil Plays in Utah: The Uteland Butte Member of the Green River Formation in the Uinta Basin and the Cane Creek Shale within the Paradox Formation in the Paradox Basin
BACKGROUND
The Uinta Basin is a topographic and structural trough encompassing an area of more than 9300 square miles (14,900 km2) in northeast Utah. The basin is sharply asymmetric, with a steep north flank bounded by the east-west trending Uinta Mountains and a gently dipping south flank. The Uinta Basin formed in the Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian time, creating a large area of internal drainage that was filled by ancestral Lake Uinta during the Paleocene and Eocene. Deposition in and around Lake Uinta consisted of open- to marginal-lacustrine sediments that make up the Green River Formation (GRF). Alluvial red-bed deposits that are laterally equivalent to, and intertongue with, the GRF make up the Colton (Wasatch) Formation. The southern shore of Lake Uinta was often very broad and flat, which allowed large transgressive and regressive shifts in the shoreline in response to climatic and tectonic-induced rise and fall of the lake. The cyclic nature of the GRF deposition in the southwest Uinta Basin resulted in numerous stacked deltaic deposits. Distributary-mouth bars, distributary channels, and nearshore bars are the primary producing sandstone reservoirs in the area. Recently, companies have targeted the thinner carbonate layers, such as the Uteland Butte Member, as horizontal drilling targets.
Project website: http://geology.utah.gov/resources/energy/oil-gas/shale-oil
UTELAND BUTTE PLAY MAP
DUCHESNEFM.
UINTAFM.
‘transitionbeds’
‘saline facies’&
upper mbr.
middle &lower mbrs.
COLTONFM.
GREEN RIVERFM.
FLAGSTAFFLS
NORTH HORNFM
CRETACEOUSFORMATIONSFrom Keighley
and others (2002). Based
on map of Witkind (1995)
STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE -
THIS STUDY modified from
Keighley and others (2002).
Radiogenic dates from 1Remy (1992),
2Smith and others (2008)
‘SALINE FACIES’OF THE
GREEN RIVER FORMATION
54 ma1
CARBONATEMARKER UNIT
COLTON TONGUE
LOW
ER
GR
EE
NR
IVE
R F
MU
PP
ER
GR
EE
NR
IVE
R F
M
UTELAND BUTTELIMESTONE
COLTONFORMATION
SUNNYSIDE DELTA INTERVAL
TRANSITIONAL INTERVALC MARKER
D MARKER
?PALEOCENE-EOCENE
BOUNDARY (55.8 Ma)?
Cashion (1967)modified from
Morgan and others (2003)
Tgde
Twz
LOW
ER
GR
EE
NR
IVE
R F
MM
IDD
LE G
RE
EN
RIV
ER
FM
UP
PE
R G
RE
EN
RIV
ER
FM
Tgdf
MAHOGANY OIL SHALE
DOUGLAS CREEK MEMBER
(tongue A Tgda)
RENEGADE TONGUE
WASATCH (Twx)
HORSEBENCH SANDSTONE
49.3 ma2
48.7 ma2
47.3 ma2
CURLY TUFF
WAVY TUFF
BLIND CANYON TUFF
NINE MILE CANYON/GATE CANYON
OUTCROP
PARACHUTE CREEK MEMBER
EVACUATION CREEK MEMBER
EAST
Morgan and others (2003)
CASTLE PEAK RESERVOIR
LOW
ER
GR
EE
NR
IVE
R F
MM
IDD
LE G
RE
EN
RIV
ER
FM
UTELAND BUTTERESERVOIR
UPPERDOUGLAS CREEK
RESERVOIR
LOWER DOUGLAS CREEK
RESERVOIR
SUBSURFACECORRELATION
D MARKER
MAHOGANY OIL SHALE
C MARKER
S1 MARKER
GARDEN GULCH
RESERVOIR
S2 MARKER
UG
RF
MID
DLE
GR
EE
N R
IVE
R F
M
GENERALIZEDSTRATIGRAPHYS. UINTA BASIN
OIL SHALE ZONESVanden Berg (2008)
PA
RA
CH
UT
E C
RE
EK
MB
R.
L4
R3
R5 L5
R6 B-GROOVE MAHOGANY A-GROOVE
R8
‘SALINE ZONE’
R4 L3
R2 L2
?
?
BASIN CENTER
DO
UG
LAS
CR
K. M
BR
.
MAHOGANY OIL SHALE
EOC
ENE
PALE
OC
ENE
?
Uinta Basin Stratigraphy
The stratigraphic nomenclature used to describe the Green River Formation in the Uinta Basin is as diverse as the rocks themselves. The nomenclature is based on facies, which are often bounded by subtle and interfingering relationships that are difficult to carry with confidence and great distance within the basin. Above are just a few of the different naming conventions from different researchers.
Vernal
Price
GrandJunction
Rifle
RockSprings
Big Piney
Evanston GRE
EN R
IVER
BA
SIN
WASHAKIEBASIN
UINTABASIN PICEANCE
BASIN
Utah
Colorado
Wyoming
10 0 10 20 30
Miles
Dou
glas
Cre
ekAr
ch
Uinta Mountain Uplift
Lake Uinta
Lake Gosiute
Rock
Spr
ings
Upl
ift
San Rafael Uplift Uncompahgre Uplift
Conceptual map of ancient Lake Uinta, which coverd the present day Uinta and Piceance Basins, and ancient Lake Gosiute, which covered the Green River and Washakie Basins.
Uinta Basin Geology and Green River Formation
The Uteland Butte reservoir is the first major transgression of ancient Lake Uinta after deposition of the fluvial Colton (Wasatch) Formation. The Uteland Butte ranges in thickness from less than 60 feet to more than 200 feet in the southwest Uinta Basin. The Uteland Butte is equivalent to the first lacustrine phase of Bradley (1931), black shale facies of Picard (1955), lower black shale facies of Abbott (1957), basal limestone facies of Little (1988) and Colburn and others (1985), the Uteland Butte limestone of Osmond (1992), and the basal limestone member of Crouch and others (2000). The Uteland Butte consists of limestone, dolostone, calcareous mudstone and siltstone, and rare sand-stone. Most of the limestone beds are ostracodal grain-supported or mud-supported grainstone, packstone, or wackestone. Grainstone is more common near the shallow shoreline of the lake, whereas deeper distal depos-its are commonly argillaceous limestone. A cryptocrystalline, dolomitized, compacted wackestone with ostra-cods has been found near the top of the Uteland Butte in some core. The dolomite often has more than 20 per-cent porosity, but is so finely crystalline that the permeability is low (single millidarcy or less). The Uteland Butte reservoir was deposited during a rapid and extensive lake-level rise. The Uteland Butte is distinctive in the abundance of carbonate and the lack of sandstone, which could have been caused by one or both of the following situations: (1) the rapid lake-level rise caused siliciclastic sediments to be depos-ited in the proximal alluvial channels, or (2) the main inflow into the lake was far from the southwest Uinta Basin area, perhaps flowing into the southern arm of the lake south and west of the San Rafael uplift. The Uteland Butte reservoir is oil productive throughout most of the southwest Uinta Basin. The Uteland Butte was a secondary objective in most vertical wells and was usually perforated along with beds in the Castle Peak, lower Douglas Creek, and upper Douglas Creek reservoirs. The cryptocrystalline dolomitic wackestone has only recently been extensively explored. This bed, widely distributed throughout the central and southern Uinta Basin, has become a recent target for extensive horizontal drilling, with limited success in the southern part of the basin, but more success in the over-pressured central basin area.
Uteland Butte Member
Simplified north-south schematic cross section of the Uinta Basin in Duchesne County showing the northward dip of the beds and the relative depths of the major oil fields. The Uteland Butte is the basal member of the Green River Forma-tion and pinches out to the north, towards the deeper basin facies. Modified from Newfield, 2011.
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
Dep
th in
Fee
t
NORTH SOUTH
Duchesne River
Uinta
Green River
Colton / Wasatch
Mahogany Bed
Carbonate Marker Bed
Uteland Butte{Carbonate Marker Unit
Black Shale facies
Castle Peak
Altamont / Bluebell Central Basin Monument Butte
Green River sand lenses
Colton tongue
Near NineMile Canyon
Abbott, W.O., 1957, Tertiary of the Uinta Basin, in Seal, O.G., editor, Guidebook to the geology of the Uinta Basin: Intermountain Association of Petroleum Geologists Eighth Annual Field Conference, p. 102-109.Anderson, J.G., and Roesink, J.G., 2013, Reservoir characterization of the Uteland Butte Formation in the Uinta Basin: AAPG Search and Discovery Article #50888.Bradley, W.H., 1931, Origin and microfossils of the oil shale of the Green River Formation of Colorado and Utah: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 168, 56 p.Cashion, W.B., 1967, Geology and fuel resources of the Green River Formation, southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 548, 48 p.Colburn, J.A., Bereskin, S.R., McGinley, D.C., and Schiller, D.M., 1985, Lower Green River Formation in the Pleasant Valley producing area, Duchesne and Uintah Counties, Utah, in Picard, M.D., editor, Geology and energy resources, Uinta Basin, Utah: Utah Geological Association Publication 12, p. 177-186.Crouch, B.W., Hackney, M.L., and Johnson, B.J., 2000, Sequence stratigraphy and reservoir character of lacustrine carbonates in the basal limestone member - lower Green River Formation (Eocene), Duchesne and Antelope Creek fields, Duchesne Co., Utah [abs.]: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Annual Convention Program with Abstracts, p. A34.DOGM (Utah Division of Oil, Gas, and Mining), 2015, Data Research Center – Well Data: Online, oilgas.ogm.utah.gov/Data_Center/DataCenter.cfm, accessed March 2015.Hintze, L.F., Willis, G.C., Laes, D.Y.M., Sprinkel, D.A., and Brown, K.D., 2000, Digital geologic map of Utah: Utah Geological Survey M-179.Keighley, D., Flint, S., Howell, J., Anderson, D., Collins, S., Moscariello, A., and Stone, G., 2002, Surface and subsurface correlation of the Green River Formation in central Nine Mile Canyon, SW Uinta Basin, Carbon and Duchesne Counties, east-central Utah: Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 02-1.Little, T.M., 1988, Depositional environments, petrology, and diagenesis of the basal limestone facies, Green River Formation (Eocene), Uinta Basin, Utah: Salt Lake City, University of Utah, M.S. thesis, 154 p.Morgan, C.D., Chidsey, T.C., Jr, McClure, K.P., Bereskin, S.R., and Deo, M.D., 2003, Reservoir characterization of the Lower Green River Formation, Uinta Basin, Utah: Utah Geological Survey 411, 1–140 p.Newfield, 2011, Uinta Basin / Greater Monument Butte area update: Online, www.newfld.com/assets/pdf/uintaupdate.pdf, accessed March 2013.Osmond, J.C., 1992, Greater Natural Buttes gas field, Uintah County, Utah, in Fouch, T.D., Nuccio, V.F., and Chidsey, T.C., Jr., editors, Hydrocarbon and mineral resources of the Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado: Utah Geological Association Publication 20, p. 143-163.Picard, M.D., 1955, Subsurface stratigraphy and lithology of the Green River Formation in Uinta Basin, Utah: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 39, no. 1, p. 75-102.Remy, R.R., 1992, Stratigraphy of the Eocene part of the Green River Formation in the south-central part of the Uinta Basin, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1787-BB, 79 p.Smith, M.E., Carroll, A.R., and Singer, B.S., 2008, Synoptic reconstruction of a major ancient lake system: Eocene Green River Formation, western United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 120, no. 1-2, p. 54–84.Vanden Berg, M., 2008, Basin-wide evaluation of the uppermost Green River Formation's oil-shale resource, Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado: Utah Geological Survey Special Study 128.Witkind, I.J., 1995, Geologic map of the Price 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series, Map I-2462.
REFERENCES
Well name: 14-1-46 (4301334113)
Operator: Bill Barrett Corp.Location: T4S, R6W, Sec. 1, Duchesne County, UTM E 541444, UTM N 4445336
6640
6645
6650
6655
6660
6665
6670
6675
6680
6685
6690
6695
Dept
h (ft
)
30% 0%Neutron-Density
DPHINPHIGR
CALI
1 1000Resistivity (ohm-m)
LLD
LLS
Permeability (md)0.00001 10
Porosity (%)0 35
0 4
2.2
1.8
1.8
1.6
3.3
1.1
0.9
1.9
2.9
TOC (wt % HC)
6.0
3.2
5.1
4.0
8.8
2.8
1.2
5.9
7.0
0 10S2 (mg HC/g)
276
176
283
246
264
261
135
303
239
0 400HI (S2*100/TOC)
442
447
435
434
446
432
448
435
448
415 515Tmax (⁰C)
0.80
0.89
0.67
0.65
0.87
0.62
0.90
0.67
0.90
0.2 2.6Ro (%)
0.60
0.31
0.68
0.29
0.18
0.57
0.30
0.64
0.19
0 1PI (S1/(S1+S2)
Gas Generation
Imm
ature
Oil Generation Gas GenerationImmature
Oil Gen.
S2 - Oil Potential - >5 mg HC/g = good/excellent
Cored interval: 6647-6669.7, 6672-6707 ft (core shifted up ~7.5 ft to match logs)Core location: Utah Core Research Center
Remarksclay vf
siltstone
wackestone
packstone f
grainstone m c
Core logCore
photosQuartzK FeldsparPlagioclase
CalciteDolomite & Fe-DolomitePyrite
Total Clay
XRD
6647.10 (6639.60)
6650.80 (6643.30)
6655.05 (6647.55)
6658.95 (6651.45)
6663.35 (6655.85)
6667.05 (6659.55)
6672.40 (6664.90)
6675.70 (6668.20)
6679.00 (6671.50)
6681.70 (6674.20)
6684.00 (6676.50)
6686.20 (6678.70)
6688.20 (6680.70)
6690.00 (6682.50)
6692.25 (6684.75)
6694.00 (6686.50)
6696.00 (6688.50)
6698.00 (6690.50)
6699.45 (6691.95)
6699.75 (6692.25)
6702.95 (6695.45)
6706.95 (6699.45)
Gamma Ray (API)0 150
*core depth (log-corrected depth)*
6647.0-6659.3 (6639.5-6651.8) - Interbedded argillaceous dolostone (dark tan to brown)and calcareous shale (medium to dark grey). Mostly planar to wavy laminated with minorsoft-sediment deformation, several near-vertical open and calcite-filled bed-bound (dolostone)fractures. Brecciated dolostone bed with ostracods near base (6657.75-6658.8 [6650.25-6651.30]).
*core depth (log-corrected depth)*
6659.3-6662.0 (6651.8-6654.5) Interbedded calcareous shale (medium to dark grey) andargillaceous dolostone (dark tan to brown). Mostly planar to wavy laminated.
6662.0-6662.8 (6654.5-6655.3) - Argillaceous limestone, medium grey, with gastropods andpelecypods.
6662.8-6666.0 (6655.3-6658.5) - Interbeded argillaceous dolostone and calcareous shale.Mostly planar to wavy laminated with minor soft-sediment deformation, several near-verticalopen and calcite-filled bed-bound (dolostone) fractures.
6666.0-6668.5 (6658.5-6661.0) - Argillaceous limestone, medium grey, with gastropods and pelecypods.
6668.5-6669.7 (6661.0-6662.2) - Top of “C shale”, calcareous shale, medium grey, thin planarto wavy laminations.
6672.0-6678.3 (6664.5-6670.8) - Interbeded argillaceous dolostone and calcareous shale.Mostly planar to wavy laminated with minor soft-sediment deformation, several near-verticalopen and calcite-filled bed-bound (dolostone) fractures. Ostracods present at 6674.2 (6666.7).
6678.3-6678.6 (6670.8-6671.1) - Argillaceous limestone, medium grey, with gastropods and pelecypods.6678.6-6680.2 (6671.1-6672.7) - Dark grey calcareous shale, thin planar to wavy laminations,thin argillaceous dolostone bed near top.6680.2-6681.2 (6672.7-6673.7) - Tan dolostone with chert nodules and minor ostracods. Chert nodules are coated with calcite and pyrite.6681.2-6683.2 (6673.7-6675.7) - Argillaceous limestone, medium grey, with gastropods and pelecypods.
6683.9-6688.9 (6676.4-6681.4) - “PZ-1”, argillaceous dolostone, medium brown. Abundantostracods near top, brecciation near base, chert nodules and styolites throughout. Smallvertical fractures present, some filled with calcite.
6688.9-6691.9 (6681.4-6684.4) - Argillaceous limestone, medium grey, with gastropods and pelecypods.
6691.9-6695.2 (6684.4-6687.7) - “PZ-1`”, interbeded argillaceous dolostone and calcareousshale. Mostly planar to wavy laminated with minor soft-sediment deformation, severalnear-vertical open and calcite-filled bed-bound (dolostone) fractures.
6695.8-6700.7 (6688.3-6693.2) - Argillaceous limestone, medium grey, with gastropods and pelecypods.
6700.7-6703.8 (6693.2-6696.3) - “PZ-2”, argillaceous dolostone, medium brown, with minorinterbedded shale. Multiple, large verticle fractures with smaller calcite-filled vertical fractures.Chert nodules present.
6703.8-6705.3 (6696.3-6697.8) - Argillaceous limestone, medium grey, with pelecypods andminor gastropods.
6705.3-6707.5 (6697.8-6700.0) - Top of “D shale”, calcareous shale, medium grey, thin planarto wavy laminations. Minor ostracods.
Flat/planar lamination
Wavy lamination
Soft-sedimentdeformation
Stylolite
Brecciation
Chert
Fracture
Ostracods
Pelecypods
Gastropods
Argillaceouslimestone
Calcareousshale
Argillaceousdolostone
C-shale
Ro (VR) = 0.97%6656.8 (6649.3)
6683.2-6683.9 (6675.7-6676.4) - Dark grey calcareous shale, thin planar to wavy laminations.
6700
6705
6710
6715
D-shale
Dolomite 3 (PZ-2)
Dolomite 2 (PZ-1`)
Dolomite 1 (PZ-1)
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UINTAH CO.
DUCHESNE CO.
CARBON CO. Ü
0 5 10Miles
Monument Butte
Altamont/Bluebell
Natural Buttes
Newfield - Monument ButteUteland Butte Play
Newfield - Central BasinUteland Butte Play
Cescent Point -Uteland Butte Play
Petroglyph -Uteland Butte Play
LINN -Uteland Butte Play
Bill Barrett -Uteland Butte Play
QEP -Uteland Butte Play
Anadarko -Uteland Butte Play
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Township and Range
Uinta Basin
Active horz. well in Uteland Butte4
surface = colored circle, bottom hole = gray open circle
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Top of GRF outcrop1
Base of GRF outcrop1
Oil field
Gas field
APD horizontal well in GRF4!
EXPLANATION
1From Hintze and others, 20002From USGS, per. comunication3From Anderson and Roesink, 20134Utah Division of Oil, Gas, and Mining, Dec. 2015
Uteland Butte cores
Active/proposed horz. wells
Appox. area of overpressure2
(from DSTs)
Approx. area of overpressure3
(pg >0.50 psi/ft)(mudweights only)
Newfield XL (~5000 ft)Newfield SXL (~11000 ft)
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UCRC
LINN
Bill Barrett
Newfield
QEP
Anadarko
EOG
Petroglyph
"
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" Crescent Point
UINTAH CO.
DUCHESNE CO.
CARBON CO. Ü
0 5 10Miles
Monument Butte
Altamont/Bluebell
Natural Buttes
Newfield - Monument ButteUteland Butte Play
Newfield - Central BasinUteland Butte Play
Cescent Point -Uteland Butte Play
Petroglyph -Uteland Butte Play
LINN -Uteland Butte Play
Bill Barrett -Uteland Butte Play
QEP -Uteland Butte Play
Anadarko -Uteland Butte Play
Township and Range
Uinta Basin
Top of GRF outcrop1
Base of GRF outcrop1
Oil field
Gas field
EXPLANATION
1From Hintze and others, 20002From USGS, per. comunication3From Anderson and Roesink, 20134Utah Division of Oil, Gas, and Mining, Dec. 2014
Appox. area of overpressure2
(from DSTs)
Approx. area of overpressure3
(pg >0.50 psi/ft)(mudweights only)
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First 3 monthsproduction (BOE)4
! 300 - 10,000
! 10,000 - 20,000
! 20,000 - 40,000
! 40,000 - 60,000
! 60,000 - 80,000
! 80,000 - 110,000
! ~11,000 ft lateral(all others ~5000 ft)
UTELAND BUTTE PRODUCTION MAP
14-1-46
Quartz + Clay
Calcite Dolomite
6647.10
6650.80
6655.05
6658.95
6663.35
6667.05 6672.40
6675.70
6679.00
6681.70
6684.006686.20
6688.20
6690.00 6692.25
6694.00
6696.00
6698.00
6699.45
6699.75
6702.95
6706.95
BBC 14-1-46
argillaceouslimestone
calcareousshale
argillaceousdolostone
shale
>10% porosity
UTELAND BUTTE MEMBER, GREEN RIVER FORMATION
MINERALOGY ANDGEOCHEMISTRY
0
200
400
600
800
1000
400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500
Hyd
roge
n In
dex
(mg
HC
/ g
TOC
)
Tmax (0C)
~ 0.6 % Ro ~ 1.4 % RoImmature Oil Generation Gas Generation
TYPE I KEROGEN
TYPE II KEROGEN
TYPE III KEROGEN
6650.1
6656.8 ft
6665.5
6668.76681.7
6685.3
6689.2
6703.3
6706.4
Bill Barrett 14-1-46 - 6684.4 ft - PZ-1 Dolomite
Lithology Sample ID Depth (ft) Orientation
As Received Bulk Density
(g/cm3)
Confining Pressure (psi)
Peak Effective Compressive Strength
(psi)
Effective Residual Compressive Strength
(psi)
Young’s Modulus (106 psi)
Poisson’s Ratio
tan dolomite
BTR1-1 6684.40 Vertical 2.282 1337 19420 9580 BTR1-6 6684.40 Vertical 2.348 1337 22190 10410 5.390 0.22 BTR1-2 6684.780 Horizontal 2.140 2741 19740 13240 3.829 0.27
Zone 1 Deformation Index: Ratio of Secant E at Peak to E: 1.15 Zone 2 Ductility Index: Amount of Plastic or Strain Hardening Strain: 0.009 Zone 3a: Tang and Kaiser Index (Axial): 0.245 J/tonne Zone 3b: Tang and Kaiser Index (Volumetric): 2.87 J/tonne Zone 4: Peak to Residual Strength Ratio: 1.86
Zone 1 Deformation Index: Ratio of Secant E at Peak to E: 1.23 Zone 2 Ductility Index: Amount of Plastic or Strain Hardening Strain: 0.044 Zone 3a: Tang and Kaiser Index (Axial): 0.69 J/tonne Zone 3b: Tang and Kaiser Index (Volumetric): 3.987 J/tonne Zone 4: Peak to Residual Strength Ratio: 1.59
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
-0.025 -0.015 -0.005 0.005 0.015 0.025
Axi
al S
tress
Diff
eren
ce, p
si
(Radial) Strain (Axial)
404730 UGS, Bill Barrett 14-1-46BTR1-6, 6684.4 ft, Vertical, As-Received
Pc = 1337 psiPp = 0 psi
Peak Axial Stress Difference = 20,853 psiEffective Peak Compressive Strength = 22,190 psi
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
-0.031 -0.021 -0.011 -0.001 0.009 0.019 0.029
Axi
al S
tress
Diff
eren
ce, p
si
(Radial) Strain (Axial)
404730 UGS, Bill Barrett 14-1-46BTR1-2, 6684.70 ft, Horizontal, As-Received
Pc = 2741 psiPp = 0 psi
Peak Axial Stress Difference = 16,995 psiEffective Peak Compressive Strength = 19,736 psi
Bill Barrett 14-1-46 - 6698.3 ft - Argillaceous Limestone
Lithology Sample ID Depth (ft) Orientation
As Received Bulk Density
(g/cm3)
Confining Pressure (psi)
Peak Effective Compressive Strength
(psi)
Effective Residual Compressive Strength
(psi)
Young’s Modulus (106 psi)
Poisson’s Ratio
gray limestone BTR3-1 6698.25 Vertical 2.586 1340 23980 13700 4.038 0.14 BTR3-2 6699.00 Horizontal 2.614 2747 52680 19850 8.657 0.32
Zone 1 Deformation Index: Ratio of Secant E at Peak to E: 1.13 Zone 2 Ductility Index: Amount of Plastic or Strain Hardening Strain: 0.093 Zone 3a: Tang and Kaiser Index (Axial): 0.972 J/tonne Zone 3b: Tang and Kaiser Index (Volumetric): 1.82 J/tonne Zone 4: Peak to Residual Strength Ratio: 1.60
Zone 1 Deformation Index: Ratio of Secant E at Peak to E: 1.12 Zone 2 Ductility Index: Amount of Plastic or Strain Hardening Strain: 0 Zone 3a: Tang and Kaiser Index (Axial): 4.34 Zone 3b: Tang and Kaiser Index (Volumetric): 12.75 Zone 4: Peak to Residual Strength Ratio: 2.58
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
-0.04 -0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06
Axi
al S
tress
Diff
eren
ce, p
si
(Radial) Strain (Axial)
404730 UGS, Bill Barrett 14-1-46BTR3-1, 6698.25 ft, Vertical, As-Received
Pc = 1340 psiPp = 0 psi
Peak Axial Stress Difference = 22,639 psiEffective Peak Compressive Strength = 23,979 psi
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
-0.05 -0.03 -0.01 0.01 0.03 0.05
Axi
al S
tress
Diff
eren
ce, p
si
(Radial) Strain (Axial)
404730 UGS, Bill Barrett 14-1-46BTR3-2, 6699.00 ft, Horiztonal, As-Received
Pc = 2747 psiPp = 0 psi
Peak Axial Stress Difference = 49,929 psiEffective Peak Compressive Strength = 52,676 psi
Bill Barrett 14-1-46 - 6706.5 ft - D-shale
Lithology Sample ID Depth (ft) Orientation
As Received Bulk Density
(g/cm3)
Confining Pressure (psi)
Peak Effective Compressive Strength
(psi)
Effective Residual Compressive Strength
(psi)
Young’s Modulus (106 psi)
Poisson’s Ratio
shale BTR5-4 6706.50 Vertical 2.487 1341 14450 9190 1.295 0.18 BTR5-2 6706.65 Horizontal 2.502 2750 17250 13270 3.797 0.26
Zone 1 Deformation Index: Ratio of Secant E at Peak to E: 1.38 Zone 2 Ductility Index: Amount of Plastic or Strain Hardening Strain: 0.48 Zone 3a: Tang and Kaiser Index (Axial): 0.205 J/tonne Zone 3b: Tang and Kaiser Index (Volumetric): 1.576 J/tonne Zone 4: Peak to Residual Strength Ratio: 1.60
Zone 1 Deformation Index: Ratio of Secant E at Peak to E: 1.22 Zone 2 Ductility Index: Amount of Plastic or Strain Hardening Strain: 0.083 Zone 3a: Tang and Kaiser Index (Axial): 0.00527 Zone 3b: Tang and Kaiser Index (Volumetric): 0.196 Zone 4: Peak to Residual Strength Ratio: 1.24
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
-0.05 -0.03 -0.01 0.01 0.03 0.05
Axi
al S
tress
Diff
eren
ce, p
si
(Radial) Strain (Axial)
404730 UGS, Bill Barrett 14-1-46BTR5-4, 6706.5 ft, Vertical, As-Received
Pc = 1341 psiPp = 0 psi
Peak Axial Stress Difference = 13,147 psiEffective Peak Compressive Strength = 14,448 psi
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
-0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03
Axia
l Stre
ss D
iffer
ence
, psi
(Radial) Strain (Axial)
404730 UGS, Bill Barrett 14-1-46BTR5-2, 6706.65 ft, Horizontal, As-Received
Pc = 2750 psiPp = 0 psi
Peak Axial Stress Difference = 14,495 psiEffective Peak Compressive Strength = 17,245 psi
Bill Barrett 14-1-46 - 6703.1 ft - PZ-2 - Tan Dolomite
Lithology Sample ID Depth (ft) Orientation
As Received Bulk Density
(g/cm3)
Confining Pressure (psi)
Peak Effective Compressive Strength
(psi)
Effective Residual Compressive Strength
(psi)
Young’s Modulus (106 psi)
Poisson’s Ratio
tan dolomite
BTR4-4 6703.10 Vertical 2.543 1341 23340 14290 6.422 0.28
BTR4-2 6702.90 Horizontal 2.473 2748 26760 11050 6.223 0.26
Zone 1 Deformation Index: Ratio of Secant E at Peak to E: 1.62 Zone 2 Ductility Index: Amount of Plastic or Strain Hardening Strain: 0.902 Zone 3a: Tang and Kaiser Index (Axial): 0.0039 Zone 3b: Tang and Kaiser Index (Volumetric): 0.0132 Zone 4: Peak to Residual Strength Ratio: 1.44
Zone 1 Deformation Index: Ratio of Secant E at Peak to E: 1.06 Zone 2 Ductility Index: Amount of Plastic or Strain Hardening Strain: N/A Zone 3a: Tang and Kaiser Index (Axial): N/A Zone 3b: Tang and Kaiser Index (Volumetric): N/A Zone 4: Peak to Residual Strength Ratio: 3.17
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
-0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03
Axi
al S
tress
Diff
eren
ce, p
si
(Radial) Strain (Axial)
404730 UGS, Bill Barrett 14-1-46BTR4-4, 6703.1 ft, Vertical, As-Received
Pc = 1341 psiPp = 0 psi
Peak Axial Stress Difference = 24,998 psiEffective Peak Compressive Strength = 26,339 psi
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
-0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03
Axi
al S
tress
Diff
eren
ce, p
si
(Radial) Strain (Axial)
404730 UGS, Bill Barrett 14-1-46BTR4-2, 6702.90 ft, Horizontal, As-Received
Pc = 2748 psiPp = 0 psi
Peak Axial Stress Difference = 24,007 psiEffective Peak Compressive Strength = 26,755 psi
GEOMECHANICS
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Perm
eabi
lity
(mD
)
Porosity (%)
Well Name: 14-1-46Operator: Bill Barrett Corp.
Argillaceous dolostone
Argillaceous limestone
Calcareous shale
shale
Exponential trend in the dolomites
R2 = 0.63
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UINTAH CO.
DUCHESNE CO. Ü0 2 4 6 81Miles
PRELIMINARY
UTELAND BUTTE - PZ-1 THICKNESS
! Well with picked tops
Outcrop - Green River Fm. base
Outcrop - Green River Fm. top
Low : 1.6 ft
High : 8.5 ft
PZ-1 isopach
UTELAND BUTTE - C-SHALE TO D-SHALE THICKNESS
UINTAH CO.DUCHESNE CO.
CARBON CO.
Ü0 4 8 12 162
Miles
! Well with picked tops
Outcrop - Green River Fm. base
Outcrop - Green River Fm. top
Isopach betweenC and D shale
High : 45 ft
Low : 13 ft Transition from proximal facies(south) to distal facies (north)
A
A`Shallow (proximal) “Fresher” water >ostracodal grainstones Fish, ooids, >gastropods
Sunnyside delta
Deeper (distal) No sand/silt No ostracodal grainstones
14-1-46
PRELIMINARY
5850
5860
5870
5880
5890
5900
5910
5920
5930
43013338278190
8200
8210
8220
8230
8240
8250
8260
8270
8280
4301351006 4301350156
6970
6980
6990
7000
7010
7020
7030
7040
7050
7060
4301332088
4950
4960
4970
4980
4990
5000
5010
5020
5030
4304731505
4670
4680
4690
4700
4710
4720
4730
4740
4750
4304752584
4820
4830
4840
4850
4860
4870
4880
4890
GRporosity
A A`
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
Cum
ulati
ve P
rodu
ction
(BO
E)
Average daily production - 1st month (BOE/day)
Normal-pressured
Overpressured
Super-long Laterals -Overpressured
12
20
9
1
1
3
4
2
8
11
4
1
3
3
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
Cum
ulati
ve P
rodu
ction
(BO
E)
Cumulative production during first three full months (BOE)
25
15
11
1
6
10
6
7
3
12
4
Ro (VR) = 1.00%6706.4 (6698.9)
Core on display
BBC 14-3-45 (7365.1 ft) - Limestone w/ bivalves
replacementcalcite
Dolomiticpeloids
BBC 14-3-45 (7374.5 ft) - PZ-1 zone - Dolomite
Chert
BBC 14-3-45 (7374.5 ft) - PZ-1 - Dolomite
Micropores
replacementcalcite
replacementchert
BBC 14-3-45 (7374.5 ft) - PZ-1 - Dolomite
chert
replacementcalcite
BBC 14-3-45 (7374.5 ft) - PZ-1 - Dolomite (UV light)
micropores in early chert cement
Thin section micrographs from adjacent Bill Barrett core (14-3-45). Photos and interpretations from Core Lab.
Core and data provided by Bill Barrett Corporation
14-3-45
N