utilitarianism. main claim: utilitarianism main claim: something is right to the degree that it...
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Utilitarianism
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UtilitarianismMain claim:
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UtilitarianismMain claim:Something is right to the degree that it increases overall well-being, and wrong to the degree that it decreases overall well-being.
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UtilitarianismMain claim:Something is right to the degree that it increases overall well-being, and wrong to the degree that it decreases overall well-being.
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UtilitarianismMain claim:Something is right to the degree that it increases overall well-being, and wrong to the degree that it decreases overall well-being.
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UtilitarianismMain claim:Something is right to the degree that it increases overall well-being, and wrong to the degree that it decreases overall well-being.
Impartial
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UtilitarianismMain claim:Something is right to the degree that it increases overall well-being, and wrong to the degree that it decreases overall well-being.
Impartial
Long-term consequences
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UtilitarianismMain claim:Something is right to the degree that it increases overall well-being, and wrong to the degree that it decreases overall well-being.
Impartial
Long-term consequences
Duty to be informed
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UtilitarianismMain claim:Something is right to the degree that it increases overall well-being, and wrong to the degree that it decreases overall well-being.
Impartial
Long-term consequences
Duty to be informed
Indifference to distribution
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UtilitarianismMain claim:Something is right to the degree that it increases overall well-being, and wrong to the degree that it decreases overall well-being.
Impartial
Long-term consequences
Duty to be informed
Indifference to distribution
Results vs. intent
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Arguments against:
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Arguments against:
Against hedonism
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Arguments against:
Against hedonism
Happiness not the end
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Arguments against:
Against hedonism
Happiness not the end
"A doctrine worthy only of swine"
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Arguments against:
Against hedonism
Happiness not the end
"A doctrine worthy only of swine"
Against impartiality
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Arguments against:
Against hedonism
Happiness not the end
"A doctrine worthy only of swine"
Against impartiality
Supererogatory acts
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Arguments against:
Against hedonism
Happiness not the end
"A doctrine worthy only of swine"
Against impartiality
Supererogatory acts
Personal relationships
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Arguments against:
Against hedonism
Happiness not the end
"A doctrine worthy only of swine"
Against impartiality
Supererogatory acts
Personal relationships
Against consequentialism
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Arguments against:
Against hedonism
Happiness not the end
"A doctrine worthy only of swine"
Against impartiality
Supererogatory acts
Personal relationships
Against consequentialism
Complexity
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Arguments against:
Against hedonism
Happiness not the end
"A doctrine worthy only of swine"
Against impartiality
Supererogatory acts
Personal relationships
Against consequentialism
Complexity
Backward-looking obligations
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Arguments against:
Against hedonism
Happiness not the end
"A doctrine worthy only of swine"
Against impartiality
Supererogatory acts
Personal relationships
Against consequentialism
Complexity
Backward-looking obligations
Justice
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Cecilia is a surgeon who specializes in organ transplants. She is distraught about four prominent citizens at the top of the waiting list for organ donations, all of whom perform valuable services to society, all of whom have large families who depend on them, and all of whom will soon die unless organ donors are found.
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Cecilia is a surgeon who specializes in organ transplants. She is distraught about four prominent citizens at the top of the waiting list for organ donations, all of whom perform valuable services to society, all of whom have large families who depend on them, and all of whom will soon die unless organ donors are found. Cecilia also volunteers in a community clinic once a month. One day while she is alone there, Jeb walks in. Jeb is new in town, has no friends or family, no job, no place to live, and is a high-school dropout. He asks to be given a routine physical examination. As Cecilia analyzes his blood sample, she realizes that Jeb is an excellent tissue match for the four people who need organs (they all need different organs, so Jeb by himself has the organs that could save them).
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Cecilia is a surgeon who specializes in organ transplants. She is distraught about four prominent citizens at the top of the waiting list for organ donations, all of whom perform valuable services to society, all of whom have large families who depend on them, and all of whom will soon die unless organ donors are found. Cecilia also volunteers in a community clinic once a month. One day while she is alone there, Jeb walks in. Jeb is new in town, has no friends or family, no job, no place to live, and is a high-school dropout. He asks to be given a routine physical examination. As Cecilia analyzes his blood sample, she realizes that Jeb is an excellent tissue match for the four people who need organs (they all need different organs, so Jeb by himself has the organs that could save them).
Assume that Cecilia has exactly two choices of action: Allow Jeb to leave the clinic, and let the four people die;
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Cecilia is a surgeon who specializes in organ transplants. She is distraught about four prominent citizens at the top of the waiting list for organ donations, all of whom perform valuable services to society, all of whom have large families who depend on them, and all of whom will soon die unless organ donors are found. Cecilia also volunteers in a community clinic once a month. One day while she is alone there, Jeb walks in. Jeb is new in town, has no friends or family, no job, no place to live, and is a high-school dropout. He asks to be given a routine physical examination. As Cecilia analyzes his blood sample, she realizes that Jeb is an excellent tissue match for the four people who need organs (they all need different organs, so Jeb by himself has the organs that could save them).
Assume that Cecilia has exactly two choices of action: Allow Jeb to leave the clinic, and let the four people die; Kill Jeb, harvest his organs, and save the four people (assume she can do this without getting caught).
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Cecilia is a surgeon who specializes in organ transplants. She is distraught about four prominent citizens at the top of the waiting list for organ donations, all of whom perform valuable services to society, all of whom have large families who depend on them, and all of whom will soon die unless organ donors are found. Cecilia also volunteers in a community clinic once a month. One day while she is alone there, Jeb walks in. Jeb is new in town, has no friends or family, no job, no place to live, and is a high-school dropout. He asks to be given a routine physical examination. As Cecilia analyzes his blood sample, she realizes that Jeb is an excellent tissue match for the four people who need organs (they all need different organs, so Jeb by himself has the organs that could save them).
Assume that Cecilia has exactly two choices of action: Allow Jeb to leave the clinic, and let the four people die; Kill Jeb, harvest his organs, and save the four people (assume she can do this without getting caught).
Which action would produce the best consequences if Cecilia were to perform it?
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Defenses:
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Defenses:
Examples calculate consequences wrongly
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Defenses:
Examples calculate consequences wrongly
Rejection of moral intuitions as standard
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Defenses:
Examples calculate consequences wrongly
Rejection of moral intuitions as standard
Overgeneralizing
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Defenses:
Examples calculate consequences wrongly
Rejection of moral intuitions as standard
Overgeneralizing
Rule utilitarianism
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Cecilia is a surgeon who specializes in organ transplants. She is distraught about four prominent citizens at the top of the waiting list for organ donations, all of whom perform valuable services to society, all of whom have large families who depend on them, and all of whom will soon die unless organ donors are found. Cecilia also volunteers in a community clinic once a month. One day while she is alone there, Jeb walks in. Jeb is new in town, has no friends or family, no job, no place to live, and is a high-school dropout. He asks to be given a routine physical examination. As Cecilia analyzes his blood sample, she realizes that Jeb is an excellent tissue match for the four people who need organs (they all need different organs, so Jeb by himself has the organs that could save them).
Assume that Cecilia has exactly two choices of action: Allow Jeb to leave the clinic, and let the four people die; Kill Jeb, harvest his organs, and save the four people (assume she can do this without getting caught).
Which action would produce the best consequences if one million doctors in roughly the same situation were to perform it?
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Against consequentialism
Complexity
Backward-looking obligations
Justice
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Defenses:
Examples calculate consequences wrongly
Rejection of moral intuitions as standard
Overgeneralizing
Rule utilitarianism
Problem of exceptions to rule