utilization of biomechanics in human...
TRANSCRIPT
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Utilization of Biomechanics in Human Performance
By Gideon Ariel, Ph.D.
International Symposium on Sports Medicine – Israel 2004
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Biomechanics of the 21st Century
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The Spectrum of Athletic Performances
• Explosive events – Throwing
– Sprinting
– Jumping
• Endurance events – Long distance run
– Swimming
– Cycling
• Accuracy events – Golf
– Archery
– Tennis
• Team sports – Soccer – Basketball
– Hockey
• Esthetic events – Figure skating
– Gymnastics – Diving
• Multi events
– Decathlon
– Pentathlon
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Camera Views
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The world record in triple jump of 18.29m
by J. Edwards, UK
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Biomechanical Analysis of Discus Throwing at Olympic
Games
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Methods
The track & field project involved collecting video records of the
preliminaries and final performances of various events for the immediate development of digital movies to be
uploaded on the internet.
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There Were 18 Throwers During the Qualifying Round and the Best 8 Athletes Competed for the Gold Medal in the Final
Round.
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Video Cameras Were Placed in Several Locations to Maximize the Data
Obtained for the Event
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3-D DLT Composite Control Cube
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Results
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Washington Throwing Kinematics
Attempt Distancem.
Velocity
cmsec-1
Projection Anglerad (deg)
Release HTcm
Move Timesec
BestThrow
65.4 2541Vr
2134 Vx
.52 (29.9) 120 1.2
WorstThrow 61.3
2441 Vr
1222 Vx1.05 (59.9) 140 1.4
%Change -6.3% -4.0% Vr
-43.0% Vx
+100% +17% +12%
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DISCUS THROW DISTANCE m.
COMPETITOR
TH
RO
W D
IST
m
.
69.466.6 65.8 65.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Riedel
Dubrov
Kap
Wash
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DISCUS PROJECTION VELOCITY cm/sec
COMPETITOR
PR
OJ
VE
L cm
/sec
3,080.1
2,7182,599
2,498
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
Riedel
Dubrov
Kap
Wash
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DISCUS RELEASE ANGLE deg
COMPETITOR
PR
OJ
AN
GL
E deg
21.9
29.1
37.3
29.9
0
10
20
30
40
Riedel
Dubrov
Kap
Wash
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DISCUS RELEASE HEIGHT m.
COMPETITOR
RE
LE
AS
E H
T m
.
1.5
1.8
1.6
1.2
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Riedel
Dubrov
Kap
Wash
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DISCUS MOVEMENT TIME sec.
COMPETITOR
MO
VE
TIM
E se
c.
3
2.3
1.9
1.6
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Riedel
Dubrov
Kap
Wash
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Throwing Kinematics for Top Four Discus
Performers at 1996 Atlanta Olympics
Place Performer Dist M
Vel Rel Cm/sec
Proj ang deg
Rel Ht Mov T
1 Riedel (Ger) 69.4 3080.1 21.9 1.5 3.0
2 Dubrovschchik
(Blr)66.6 2718.5 29.1 1.8 2.3
3 Kaptyukh (Blr) 65.8 2599.0 37.3 1.6 1.9
4 Washington (USA)
65.4 2498.0 29.9 1.2 1.6
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THE CASE OF THE LONG JUMP:
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Velocity of the Center of Mass
Horizontal
component
Vertical
component
Mike Powell 8.95m - World Record
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Change of the Height of CMChange of the Height of CMlast strides of the approach
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Height of the Center of Mass
Mike Powell 8.95m - World Record
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Comparative Kinematic CharacteristicsComparative Kinematic Characteristics
Param eters of the Long Jum p M.Pow ell C.Lew is
General Information
Off icial Distance [m] 8.95 8.91
Effective Distance [m] 8.98 8.91
Favorable Wind Velocity [m/s] 0.3 2.9
The Approach
Average Speed: 11-6m to the Board [m/s] 10.79 11.23
Average Speed: 6-1m to the Board [m/s] 10.94 11.26
The Length of the Third-Last Stride [m] 2.4 2.23
The Length of the Second-Last Stride [m] 2.47 2.7
The Length of the Last Stride [m] 2.28 1.88
The Take-Off
CM Horizontal Velocity [m/s] 9.27 9.11
CM Vertical Velocity [m/s] 4.21 3.37
Angle of Projection [deg] 24.1 20.3
Angle of body Lean at Touch-Dow n [deg] 71.8 77
Angle of body Lean at Take-Off [deg] 73.9 67.5
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Video
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