utilization of ceramic waste and stone dust in concrete
DESCRIPTION
Investigation on ceramic waste and stone dust as aggregatereplacement in concreteTRANSCRIPT
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International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences
www.ijetmas.com March 2015, Volume 3 Special Issue, ISSN 2349-4476
127 Amir Javed, Salman Siddique, Ram Prasad V S
Investigation on ceramic waste and stone dust as aggregate
replacement in concrete
Amir Javed1, Salman Siddique
2, Ram Prasad V S
3
1Assistant Professor, Integral University, Lucknow
2Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology
Jaipur 3Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology
Jaipur
Abstract The sanitary and stone cutting industry inevitably generates wastes. This paper
presents the use of stone dusta byproduct of crushers as replacement of fine aggregate and
ceramic waste as a replacement of coarse
aggregate.
This study was conducted to analyse the
compressive and flexural strength of concrete
when natural sand was replaced with stone dust
at 20%, 40 %, 60%, 80 % and 100% along with
20 % stone aggregate replacement with ceramic
waste. For conducting the study 21 cubes
(150mmx150mmx150mm) and 21 Beams
(500x100x100mm) were tested To increase the
workability of concrete Lyconicsulphate
plasticizer was used as an admixture. The
plasticizer was used as 2% by weight of cement.
The percentage of ceramic waste is kept 20% for
all specimens.
It is found that at 40 % replacements of natural
sand with stone dust along with 20%
replacement of stone aggregate with ceramic
waste, the compressive strength and flexural
strength is maximum.
The study concludes that the stone dust with 20
% of ceramic waste as a coarse aggregate can be
used effectively as an alternative to natural sand
for nominal concreting.
Keywords Ceramic Waste, Stone Dust, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength
1. Introduction
For Past many years construction industry has
been making some progress in the utilisation of
waste materials in concrete. Some of waste
products are fly ash, rice husk, saw dust,
discarded tires, e-waste, glass, bagasse ash,
stone dust and ceramic. Proper use of waste
products provides viable economy and healthy
environment. Each waste product has its specific
effect on properties of fresh and hard concrete.
There has been a long-term growing demand for
aggregates to produce concrete and this has
presented increased problems of supplying of
sand and gravel [10]. Previous researches have
shown crushed stone dust can be used to replace
the natural sand in concrete [2,4]. Recycle
aggregates are also being studied though some
loss in workability and mechanical property is
reported [11,12]. The ceramic industry has about
30% to 50% failed products due to improper
mixing or heating conditions [6]. Present study
has been done to evaluate the suitability of such
waste materials in concrete production.
2. Experimental Work
2.1 Materials
I. Cement The cement used in all mixtures was
commercially available Portland Pozzolana
cement of 43 grade manufactured by Jaypee
cement company confirming to IS 8112:1989
was used in this study.
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International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences
www.ijetmas.com March 2015, Volume 3 Special Issue, ISSN 2349-4476
128 Amir Javed, Salman Siddique, Ram Prasad V S
II. Fine Aggregates a) Locally available river sand passed through 4.75mm IS sieve is used as fine
aggregate. The specific gravity of sand is 2.61
and fineness modulus of 2.21.
b) Stone dust used in the laboratory investigations was procured from a local crushing
plant. The specific gravity of stone dust was 2.5
and fineness modulus was 2.67.
III. Coarse Aggregates a) The Coarse aggregate are obtained from a local quarry is used. The coarse aggregate with
a maximum size 10mm having a specific gravity
2.64 and fineness modulus of 6.90.
b) The ceramic wastes are obtained from a pottery industry waste. The waste ceramics are
crushed into pieces with crushing machine in
laboratory. The specific gravity of ceramic
aggregates is 2.27 and fineness modulus of 5.64.
2.2 Preparation of specimen
The quantities of the constituents of the concrete
were obtained from the Indian Standard Mix
Design method (IS: 10262- 2009). The variation
of strength of hardened concrete using stone
dust as fine aggregate (partial replacement) is
studied by casting cubes, cylinders and beams.
The concrete was prepared in the laboratory
using hand mixing. The cement, fine aggregate
and coarse aggregate were first mixed in dry
state to obtain uniform colour and calculated
amount of water obtained from workability test
was added and the whole concrete was mixed
for five minutes in wet state. Meanwhile the
moulds are screwed tightly to avoid leakage Oil was applied on inner surface of the moulds. The
cast specimens were removed from moulds after
24 hours and the specimens were immersed in a
clean water tank. After curing the specimens for
a period of 28 days, the specimens were
removed from the water tank and allowed to dry
under shade.
3. Experimental Work
3.1 Tests
For each batch of concrete, three cubes of
150mmX150mmX150mm size were tested to
determine compressive strength. Three beams of
100mmX100mmX500mm size were tested to
determine the flexure strength.
SI No. 1 2 3 4
Prope
rty
Specific
Gravity
Initial
setting
Time
Final
Setting
Time
Compressiv
e Strength
Value 3.13 32
min
216
min
44.28 MPa
Table 1: Properties of cement
SI
No
.
Sieve Desi
gnation
Percentage passing
Fine aggregates Coarse aggre
gates
Natura
l sand
Stone
Dust
Natura
l aggre
gates
Cer
ami
c
Wa
ste
1 12.5 mm --- --- 100 100
2 10 mm 100 100 98.25 97.
35
3 4.75 mm 100 100 10 9.9
8
4 2.36 mm 99.30 81 1 1
5 1.18 mm 96.70 39.70 0 0
6 600 56.20 9.6 --- ---
7 300 21.90 4.2 --- ---
8 150 5.30 1.1 --- ---
Table 2: Details of Sieve analysis of fine and co
arse aggregate
3.1 Mix Selection
The grade of concrete adopted for investigation
was M20. The mix proportion of concrete for
laboratory investigations was arrived by
designing as per Indian standard method. The
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International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences
www.ijetmas.com March 2015, Volume 3 Special Issue, ISSN 2349-4476
129 Amir Javed, Salman Siddique, Ram Prasad V S
final mix used was 1:1.33:2.73 with water
cement ratio of 0.48. The details of mix
designations and specimens used in
experimental programme are given in Table 3. SI
N
o.
Mix
Desig
nation
Fine aggregate Coarse aggreg
ate
Numbe
r of spe
c-
imens
Sand Stone Dust
Conven
tion-al
Ceram
ic
Waste
Cu
bes
B
ea
ms
1 MC 100% 0% 100% 0% 3 3
2 MC0 100% 0% 80% 20% 3 3
3 MC1 80% 20% 80% 20% 3 3
4 MC2 60% 40% 80% 20% 3 3
5 MC3 40% 60% 80% 20% 3 3
6 MC4 20% 80% 80% 20% 3 3
7 MC5 0% 100% 80% 20% 3 3
Table 3: Details of Mix designations and specimens
4. Results and Discussions
After comparison properties presented in Table
2, it is observed that the stone dust can be used
as conventional fine aggregate. Whereas
ceramic waste can be used in place of
conventional coarse aggregate. The Samples
were tested and analysed after curing for 28
days.
The experimental test results are presented in
Table 4. It can be observed from the Table 4 that
the strength of concrete is increased at some
point due to usage of stone dust as fine
aggregate. But strength is reducing due to usage
of ceramic waste as coarse aggregate. Hence in
concrete with ceramic waste as coarse aggregate
upto 20%, conventional fine aggregate can be
replaced partially by stone dust upto 40%. SI No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mix
Designat
ion
MC MC
0
MC
1
MC
2
MC
3
MC
4
M
C
5
Compres
sive
strength
(MPa)
28.
45
18.
44
20.
13
22.
00
17.
27
16.
17
1
4.
2
4
Flexural
strength
(N/mm2)
6.8
3
6.5
8
7.6
0
8.5
8
6.5
8
4.3
0
4.
0
4
Table 4: The experimental test results
% resplacement of stone dust as a fine aggregate
0 20 40 60 80 100
Comp
ressiv
e stre
ngth
at 28
days
0
5
10
15
20
25
Fig 1: Variation of compressive strength with
percentage replacement of Stone dust alongwith
20 % ceramic waste as a coarse aggregate.
% replacement of sand with stone dust
0 20 40 60 80 100
Flex
ural st
reng
th at
28 da
ys
0
2
4
6
8
10
Fig 2: Variation of Flexural strength with
percentage replacement of Stone dust along with
20 % ceramic waste as a coarse aggregate.
5. Conclusion
The following conclusions are drawn from the
present study:
1. The compressive and flexural strength of concrete with 40% replacement of natural sand
by stone dust along with 20% replacement of
coarse aggregate by ceramic waste reveals
higher strength as compared to 0 % replacement
of natural sand by stone dust along with 20%
replacement of coarse aggregate by ceramic
waste.
2. It is found that as compare to flexural strength the compressive strength greatly
decreased when only ceramic waste is used as a
20% replacement of coarse aggregate (i.e.at 0%
stone dust and 20 % ceramic waste).
3. It is advised on the basis of present study that ceramic waste alone could not be used as a
replacement of coarse aggregate because it has
an adverse effect on the properties of concrete.
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International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences
www.ijetmas.com March 2015, Volume 3 Special Issue, ISSN 2349-4476
130 Amir Javed, Salman Siddique, Ram Prasad V S
On the other hand if it is used along with the
stone dust it gives satisfactory results and upto
40 % of replacement of fine aggregate with
stone dust the properties of concrete is found to
be enhanced and after that it decreases.
4. Thus we found out the optimum percentage for replacement of stone dust with
fine aggregate along with 20% replacement of
coarse aggregate by ceramic waste is almost
40% for both cubes and beams.
5. Stone dust has a potential to provide alternative to natural sand and helps in
maintaining the environment as well as
economical balance. Non-availability of Natural
sand at reasonable cost, forces to search for
alternative material. Stone dust qualifies itself as
a suitable substitute for natural sand at
reasonable cost.
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