utilization of drones for pipeline and oil field infrastructure inspection
TRANSCRIPT
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Authors: Chris Tonish, P.G., Consulting Project Manager, Oil & Gas Industry Professional Larry Tonish, UAS Regulations Consultant, Retired FAA Air Traffic Operations Support
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• 2.5 Million Miles of Gas Pipelines
• 150,000 Miles of Oil Pipelines
• 45,000 Miles of Pipelines in Colorado
• 23,090 Miles of Pipeline Planned
or Under Construction in the U.S.
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ALL STATES (1986-2014) • TOTAL INCIDENTS - 8,382 • FATALITIES - 532 • INJURIES - 2,475 • DAMAGE COST - $7.5 BILLION
COLORADO (1996-2015) • TOTAL INCIDENTS - 72 • FATALITIES - 1 • INJURIES - 24 • DAMAGE COST - $30.5 MILLION
Source Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA)
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OIL PRICES ARE AT 11 YEAR LOWES
• FORCING BUDGET CUTS TO PIPELINE MAINTAINANCE
• DELAYING OR CANCELLING PIPELINE CONSTUCTION AND
EXPANSION PROJECTS, THEREBY FURTHER STRESSING
EXISTING INFRASTRCTURE
• ASSET SALES, MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS AND
BANKRUPTCIES ADVERSELY CONTRIBUTING TO PIPELINE
SAFETY
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Above Ground Physical Inspections • External Visual Inspection for corrosion and anomalies • Ultrasonic Corrosion and Thickness tests • Soil and Vegetation Characteristics • Thermal Imaging Cameras
In-Line Inspection • Smart Pigs - Equipped with robotic cameras and sensors • Hydrostatic Testing • Camera Inspection • Acoustic Sensor Listening for leak • Integrity Digs • Advanced Software Program Models that create a profile, monitor
sensors and detect changes
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Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Fixed Wing vs Rotary
Electric vs Gas Powered
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OPTIONS TO LAWFULLY EXACUTE A COMMERCIAL UAS OPERATION
NEW RULES PART 107 as of August 29, 2016 • Pass and Initial Aeronautical Knowledge Test at an FAA
Knowledge Testing Center • Obtain an Unmanned Aircraft Operator Certificate with an sUAS
rating • Comply with Operational Limitations • Register Aircraft with FAA
• Pilots must be 16 years of age or older and able to speak
English
THE 333 EXEMPTION
• Authorizes the FAA to grant exemptions • Required a minimum Sport Pilots License • Other factors include size, weight, speed, type of operation,
proximity to airports/people and line of sight
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PART 107 OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS EFFECTIVE August 29, 2016
• Operator must hold a remote pilot airman certificate or be under direct supervision
• Weigh less than 55 pounds, including instrumentation
• Must remain within visual line-of-sight of the remote pilot or visual observer • May not operate over any persons not directly participating in the operation • Daylight-only operations, or civil twilight with appropriate anti-collision lighting • Must yield right of way to other aircraft
• Maximum groundspeed of 100 mph
• Maximum altitude of 400 feet AGL
• Minimum weather visibility of 3 miles from control station
• Operations near airports, and general controlled airspace are allowed with Air Traffic Control (ATC) permission
• Operations in uncontrolled airspace are allowed without ATC permission. • No operations from a moving vehicle unless over a sparsely populated area
• Report to the FAA within 10 days of any serious injury or property damage of at
least $500 • Conduct a preflight inspection to ensure the small UAS is in a condition for safe
operation Restrictions above are waivable. The certificate of waiver/authorization (COA) issued by the FAA will specify the operational limitations that are waived and state the procedures that must be used to provide an equivalent level of safety.
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Regulations subject to waiver or airspace authorization
• Operation in certain airspace • Operations from a moving vehicle or aircraft • Daylight operation • Visual line of sight aircraft operation • Visual observer • Operation of multiple UAS’s • Yielding the right of way • Operation over people • Operation in certain airspace • Operating limitations: ground speed • Operating limitations: altitude • Operating limitations: minimum visibility • Operating limitations: minimum distance from clouds
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• High Resolution Cameras
• FLIR Thermal Imaging Cameras
• Methane-Sniffer Sensors
• Magnetometers
• LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)
• Soil and Vegetation Characterization
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For Pilots Heads Up Display • Image and Video Recording • A wide variety of high resolution
cameras on the market
• Weight < 1 lb.
• $400-1,000
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Workswell WIRIS (Prague, Czech Republic) • Radiometric Thermal Imaging Camera • Image and Video Recording
• Resolution up to 640 x 512 pixels
• Temperature Range -40°C to + 550°C • Accuracy ±2°C
• 32 GB Flash Drive
• Weight 0.88 lbs.
• $10,660
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FLIR VUE PRO R • Radiometric Thermal Imaging Camera
• Resolution image 640 x 512 pixels • Video – Analog Output
• Temperature Range -25°C + 350°C
• Accuracy ±5°C
• Weight 0.25 lbs.
• $4,500
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• Colorado State University Ventures Real-time measurement of methane emissions • University of Colorado/Lasen Company
small scale methane detection • Ball Corp Leak Detector LiDAR system • A NASA Open Path Laser detect
methane by parts-per-billion • LMC Laser Methane Copter
Methane concentration over oil well
NASA Laser system
LMC Laser Copter
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Quadcopter, battery operated drones
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Quadcopter, battery operated drones
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Yeair Quadcopter, • Combustion engines
• Payload Weight 12 lbs.
• Flight Time up to 60 minutes, range 34 miles
• Cost: Company is looking for funding …buy now for $1,520
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Horizon Unmanned Systems, Singapore
• Hycopter stores 4.2 ounces of hydrogen gas at 5,076
psi inside the structural tubing of its hull
• Payload Weights 3.3 lbs. for 4 hours
• Hydrogen gas is converted into electricity by a lightweight lithium polymer hybrid fuel cell
• Delivery in 2017 • Cost ?
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• Multiple Onboard Detection and Monitoring Systems • Pipelines and Oil Field Infrastructure • Thermal Imaging Steam Injection Wellsites • Methane Release Monitoring • Locating Abandon Wellsites • Air Quality Surveys • Generate Field Base Maps • Productivity and Safety • Access in Remote Areas • Emergency Response • Low Operating Cost
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• A drone platform with onboard instrumentation can safely and efficiently inspect pipelines and detect leaks
• Drone technology and onboard instrumentation will continue to be innovative
• The government will continue to transfer drone technologies to industry
• Success will be based on how well we utilize the technology and manage field operations