utoug training day - s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com · • between 3 gb (windows), 3.9 gb (linux32) and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Upgrade to Oracle Database 11g
Daniel T. LiuPrincipal Solution Architect
UTOUG Training DayDate: Wednesday, March 30, 2011 Time: 02:15 PM – 04:30 PM Venue: 9750 South 300 West
Sandy, Utah 84070
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 2
Preparation
Agenda
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 3
Preparation
Agenda
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
InstallationSupport Policy
CertificationDocumentation
ReferencesUpgrade paths
Sanity operationsPreparation
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Oracle10gR1 on Extended Support9i was unsupported in August 2010
Cost & Risk of Older Releases
• Oracle Database 10g Release 1• Extended Support Starts 1/31/2009
• Oracle9i Database• Extended Support Started 7/31/07• Extended Support Ends 7/31/10
• No support for Oracle8i or earlier
Additional Costs:
+ 10% 1st Year+ 20% Year 2 + 3
Presently at riskPresently at risk
Presently at risk
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 5
t2008
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2002
2009
2010
today
Lifetime Support Policy
2011
2012
2013
2014
Sustaining SupportPremier Support
R2July 2007
Extended SupportJuly 2010
January 2009 January 2012
R2 July 2010 July 2013
2015
2016
August 2012 August 2015
July 2008
July 2011
R2
2017
2018
January 2015 January 2018
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 7
Releases – Support-SRs
23%
67%
9%
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 8
Upgrade to Oracle Database 11g
R2
R2≥ 10.2.0.2
10.1.0.5
R2
≥ 7.3.4
≥ 8.0.6
≥ 8.1.7.4
≥ 9.0.1.4
9.2.0.8
≥ 9.2.0.4
"Empty" arrows mean: no specific patch release required
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 9
Oracle Certification• Please see Note:964664.1 for explanations on
products and product group assignments• See: Note:431578.1 on Middleware, Application Server
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 10
Oracle Certification
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 13
Upgrade is easier!• The upgrade to Oracle Database 11g is much easier
than any upgrades to earlier Oracle releases
• Size of Upgrade guides:• 8.1.7 - 512 pages• 9.0.1 - 484 pages – 111 steps for an RDBMS with 9 components
• 9.2.0 - 344 pages• 10.1.0 - 170 pages • 10.2.0 - 140 pages • 11.1.0 - 186 pages• 11.2.0 -178 pages
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 14
Upgrade Length• How long will the upgrade take
to complete?• Independent of:
• Size of the database• Used datatypes
• Dependent mainly on:• The number of installed components and options• Valid and non-stale data dictionary statistics• Number of synonyms – they'll get recompiled (upgrade from 9i)• Number of objects in XDB• At a very low rate, if COMPATIBLE is increased:
• Number of datafiles• Size of redo logs
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 15
Upgrade Length• Speed up your upgrade performance by:
• Truncating the auditing table SYS.AUD$
• Possibly switch off archiving• Make sure this is not against your business rules
• Creating dictionary statistics right before the upgrade• Oracle 9i:
• Oracle 10g/11g:
SQL> truncate SYS.AUD$;
SQL> exec DBMS_STATS.GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS('SYS', options => 'GATHER',estimate_percent =>DBMS_STATS.AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE, method_opt => 'FORALL COLUMNS SIZE AUTO', cascade => TRUE);
SQL> exec DBMS_STATS.GATHER_DICTIONARY_STATS;
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 16
Documentation• Note:601807.1 Upgrade Companion 11g
• Note:785351.1 Upgrade Companion 11g Release 2
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 17
Documentation• Note:785351.1 Upgrade Companion 11g
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 18
Documentation• Note:785351.1 Upgrade Companion 11g
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 19
Documentation• Upgrade Guide
•
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10819/toc.htm
• Important Notes• Note:837570.1
Complete Checklist for Manual Upgrades to 11g Release 2
• Note: 421191.1Complete checklist for manual upgrades from X to Y
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 20
OTN Upgrade Page• http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/database/oracle11g/upgrade/index.html
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 21
OTN Upgrade Page
• Or simply ... ☺
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 22
Upgrade Paths
Stay on same OS?N Y
UPGRADEExport/Import
CTAS, COPY
Transportable Tablespaces
Transportable Database
Oracle StreamsDBUA
Downtime >30min?
Y
N
SQL Apply
CLI SQL> @catupgrd
Oracle Golden Gate
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 23
Sanity Operations• Always check for INVALID objects:
• Fix all INVALID objects BEFORE the upgrade!!!!!!
• There should be no invalid objects in SYS and SYSTEM user schema
• Recompile invalid objects with utlrp.sql before the upgrade• Compare invalid objects from before and after the upgrade
• Beginning with 11.1.0.7 the comparison has been automated• Find invalid objects in registry$sys_inv_objs and registry$nonsys_inv_objs
• Compare before-after: utluiobj.sql• The view DBA_INVALID_OBJS contains a list of invalid objects after the
upgrade
SQL> SELECT UNIQUE object_name, object_type, ownerFROM dba_objects WHERE status='INVALID';
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 24
Sanity Operations• If upgrading from 10g or 11g, purge the recyclebin
SQL> purge DBA_RECYCLEBIN;
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 25
Sanity Operations
init.ora:<...>
_always_semi_join=off_unnest_subquery=false<...>optimizer_features_enable=9.0.1<...>
event = "10061 trace name context forever, level 10" <...>
• Remove "old" parameters, underscores and events from your init.ora/spfile
• Examples:
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 26
Preparation• Preserve performance statistics
• Get accurate performance statistics• Comparison: before ↔ after• Time specific queries and batches
• Test upgrade of the database• Functional tests• Performance tests with real life loads!!!
• Real Application Testing• SQL Performance Analyzer • Database Replay
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 27
Preparation• Collecting sufficient performance data prior
to the upgrade is of vital importance• Sufficient means: Starting at least 4 weeks before the upgrade• Gather accurate performance statistics• In Oracle 8i/9i:
• Use STATSPACK• Export the PERFSTAT user right before the upgrade• Note:466350.1 STATSPACK before/after upgrade
• In Oracle 10g/11g:• Use AWR
• Take snapshots every 30-60 minutes – retention: >30 days• Export the AWR with DBMS_SWRF_INTERNAL.AWR_EXTRACT• Use AWR DIFF reports to compare before & after upgrade performance:DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY.AWR_DIFF_REPORT_HTML
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 28
Preparation
Agenda
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
InstallationInstallation Overview
Oracle Clusterware & ASMInstallation
PatchesTime Zone
Listener
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 29
Installation• How to access the software?
• http://edelivery.oracle.com/
• Download from OTN:http://otn.oracle.com/software/index.html
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 30
Installation overview
Oracle Clusterware
Oracle ASM
Oracle Database
Oracle Clusterware
Oracle ASM
Oracle Database
Grid Infrastructure
≥ 11.2.0.1≤ 11.1.0.7
1.
2.
3.
$ORACLE_BASE$ORACLE_BASE
ORA_CRS_HOME
$ORACLE_HOME – for ASM
$ORACLE_HOME – for Database $ORACLE_HOME – for Database
same owner
Inventory, ADR etc.
GRID_HOME
Inventory, ADR etc.
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 31
Preparation
Agenda
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
InstallationInstallation Overview
Oracle Clusterware & ASMInstallation
PatchesTime Zone
Listener
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 32
Oracle Clusterware Upgrade 11g and 11.2• Always upgrade Oracle Clusterware first!!!• Upgrading to Oracle Clusterware 11g Release 1:
• Install new software into the existing Clusterware home• In-place software upgrade
• Upgrading to Oracle Clusterware 11g Release 2:• Install new software into new Grid Infrastructure home• Out-of-place software upgrade• Grid Infrastructure home is owned by 'root'
• On 32-bit Windows there'll be no 32-bit Grid Infrastructure and ASM available!
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 33
Oracle Clusterware Upgrade 11g Release 2
R2No ASM, no Oracle Clusterware
ClusterwareR2
Clusterware
Clusterware
ClusterwareR2
Clusterware:Rolling upgradeASM:No rolling upgrade
Clusterware & ASM: rolling upgrade
Clusterware & ASM: ≥ 10.2.0.3
Clusterware & ASM:10.1.0.5
==> Unset ORACLE_HOME, ORACLE_BASE and ORA_CRS_HOME
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 34
If upgrade is not highlighted we did not detect a previous clusterware installation
Oracle Clusterware Upgrade 11g Release 2
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 35
Oracle Clusterware Upgrade 11g Release 2Setup ASM Roles
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 36
Clusterware - ASM - DB Compatibility
Note:337737.1
a) The Matrix is valid after the (rolling) upgrade has been completed.During the upgrade you may use an older ASM version.
b) Linux specific: see Note 781628.1 c) The ASM version needs to be at least 10.1.0.3
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 37
Preparation
Agenda
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
InstallationInstallation Overview
Oracle Clusterware & ASMInstallation
PatchesTime Zone
Listener
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 38
Installation Database Home(1) Install software into a new Oracle Home(2) Apply the newest available patch set(3) Apply the newest available patch set update (PSU)(4) Apply recommended patch bundles and one-off patches
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 39
Installation• Space / resource requirements
• RAM: ≥ 1GB
• Software installation:• 1GB in /tmp or \TEMP necessary• Between 3 GB (Windows), 3.9 GB (Linux32) and 7 GB (HP-UX)
• Seed database: ≥ 1.7 GB• Seed databases (ORCL) are always prebuilt EE databases with all
options!!!
• Swapspace• Between 1 GB and 2 GB: 1.5 times the size of RAM• Between 2 GB and 16 GB: Equal to the size of RAM• More than 16 GB: 16 GB
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 40
Installation 11g Release 2
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 41
Installation 11g Release 2
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 42
Installation 11g Release 2
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 43
Installation 11g Release 2
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 44
Installation 11g Release 2
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 45
Installation 11g Release 2
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 46
Installation 11g Release 2
Oracle Base and Software Locationshould be in different paths!!!
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Installation 11g Release 2
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Installation 11g Release 2
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Installation 11g Release 2
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Installation 11g Release 2
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Installation 11g Release 2
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Installation 11g Release 2
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Installation 11g Release 2
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 54
Preparation
Agenda
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
InstallationInstallation Overview
Oracle Clusterware & ASMInstallation
PatchesTime Zone
Listener
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Patch Set Installation• Install patch sets and patches before you start the upgrade
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Recommended Patches
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Recommended Patches
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Patch Set Update (PSU) Installation• Install PSUs as well
• Note:854428.1: Introduction to Database Patch Set Updates
• Database PSUs include:• Fixes for critical issues that may affect a large number of customers
and that are already proven in the field• Critical Patch Update (CPU) fixes
• Database PSUs do not include:• Changes that require re-certification• Fixes that require configuration changes
• Typically 50-100 new bug fixes - cumulative• Guaranteed to be RAC rolling installable• (Change the fifth digit of the release number from ≥11.2.0.1.1)• Will be released 4x per year such as CPUs on the same schedule
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• Note 161818.1
Important Alerts?
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• Note:880782.1Support Status and Alerts for Oracle 11g Release 2 (11.1.0.X)
Upgrade Information / Alerts
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• Note 880707.1 Known Issues specific to the 11.2.0.1 Base Release
Upgrade Information / Alerts
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• Note 880707.1.1 Known Issues specific to the 11.2.0.1 Base Release
Upgrade Information / Alerts
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Recommended OS patches• Note:169706.1: OS Installation and Configuration
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Preparation
Agenda
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
InstallationInstallation Overview
Oracle Clusterware & ASMInstallation
PatchesTime Zone
Listener
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• Taken from an Oracle internal information email:
time zone Patches
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• Why DST time zone patches? (DST: Daylight Savings Time)
• Since 2007 DST definitions and time zone names have been changed several times
• time zone versions by release:• Oracle 9i: TZ V1• Oracle 10.1: TZ V2• Oracle 10.2.0.1/2: TZ V2• Oracle 10.2.0.3: TZ V3• Oracle 10.2.0.4: TZ V4• Oracle 11.1: TZ V4
• Source release requires TZ V4 – otherwise no upgrade will be possible
• Oracle 11.2: TZ V11• Source release does not have to be patched. time
zone conversion will be done in 11.2
time zone Patches
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Preparation
Agenda
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
InstallationInstallation Overview
Oracle Clusterware & ASMInstallation
PatchesTime Zone
Listener
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Listener Configuration• Best Practices - strongly recommended:
Create a new listener environment with NETCA:
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Agenda
Database Upgrade AssistantCommand Line Upgrade
Post UpgradeAlternatives
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)• Features:
• Graphically led upgrade• Lots of important checks• RAC aware - inclusion of all nodes
• for RAC (almost) a must !!!• Offline Backup and Restore possible• ASM upgrade (until 11.1)• Oracle XE upgrade• Patch upgrades
• Logs:• $ORACLE_HOME/cfgtoollogs/dbua
• Documentation:• Oracle® Database Upgrade Guide
11.1: http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28300/toc.htm11.2: http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10819/toc.htm
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 71
Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)• Silent mode:
• $ dbua –help shows all valid options• See doc:
11.1: http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28300/upgrade.htm11.2: http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10819/upgrade.htm#UPGRD12405
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Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)
• dbua [ -silent ] [ -sid SID ] [-oracleHome home_name][-oracleBase base_name] [-diagnosticDest diagnostic_destination][-sysDBAUserName SYSDBA_user] [-sysDBAPassword SYSDBA_pwd] [-upgradeASM] [-autoextendFiles] [-newGlobalDbName db_name][-newSid new_SID] [-generateMapFile] [-useASM][-commonFileLocation common_files] [-omfLocation omf_area] [-databaseMapFile map_file_name] [-newRecoveryArea recover_area][-newRecoveryAreaSize recover_size] [-apexAdminPassword apex_pwd][-disableUpgradeScriptLogging ] [-backupLocation directory][-sysauxTablespace -datafileName name -datafileSize size
-datafileSizeNext size -datafileSizeMax size][-postUpgradeScripts script [, script ] ... ] [-initParam parameter=value [, parameter=value ] ... ] [-disableArchiveLogMode] [-recompile_invalid_objects true | false][-degree_of_parallelism cpu_number] [-emConfiguration {CENTRAL|LOCAL|ALL|NOBACKUP|NOEMAIL|NONE}
-dbsnmpPassword password -sysmanPassword password -asmPassword password -hostUserName hostname-hostUserPassword password -backupSchedule hh:mm [-smtpServer server_name -emailAddress address][-centralAgent location] [-localRacSid SID]]
[-recoveryAreaDestination directory][-h|-help]
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Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)
• Example:
dbua -silent -sid dwh-oracleHome /opt/oracle/product/RDBMS10g-diagnosticDest /opt/oracle/diag
-sysDBAUserName sys-sysDBAPassword manager
-recompile_invalid_objects true-degree_of_parallelism 4
-emConfiguration LOCAL-dbsnmpPassword manager-sysmanPassword manager
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Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)
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Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)
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Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)
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Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)
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Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)
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Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)
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Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)
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Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)
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Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)
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Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)
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Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)
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Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)
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Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)
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Agenda
Database Upgrade AssistantCommand Line Upgrade
Post UpgradeAlternatives
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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Command Line Upgrade• Typical scenario: e.g. changing to a new server
Server(OLD) Server(NEW)
3) Run utlu112i.sql4) Shutdown database5) Copy all relevant files
(dbf, ctl, log, spfile, orapw)
1) Install Oracle11g software2) Copy utlu112i.sql
6) Apply suggested changes7) Start the upgrade process
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Command Line Upgrade• Step-by-step:
1. Complete online backup of the database2. Install 11g Oracle software and apply patch set, PSU etc.3. Analyze the DB using utlu112i.sql and follow all
requirements given by the script 4. Create a new 11g listener with NETCA5. Switch to the new environment, startup the DB (startup
upgrade) and create the SYSAUX tablespace (only if source db is an Oracle 9i db)
6. Run upgrade script catupgrd.sql7. Recompile with utlrp.sql - compare with utluiobj.sql8. Run catuppst.sql if you are upgrading from ≥10g9. Check the post upgrade status: utlu112s.sql
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Command Line Upgrade• Upgrade information script: utlu112i.sql
• Run in the environment of the source database• Checks all init parameters and displays warnings for obsolete and
deprecated parameters• Checks
• Components• Tablespace SYSAUX• National Characterset• time zone file version check• Cluster check
Info
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Command Line Upgrade• Get the current version of utlunmi.sql
• Download it now!
•Note:884522.1
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Command Line Upgrade• utlu112i.sql: DB info
• Time zone conversion should be done after the upgrade has completed• Recommended• Necessary if datatype TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE is used
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Command Line Upgrade•utlu112i.sql: Tablespaces adequate size?
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Command Line Upgrade•utlu112i.sql: Init parameter changes?
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Command Line Upgrade• utlu112i.sql: Components and options?
• Annotation:You'll have to install all options installed for the release you are upgrading from – otherwise some components can’t be upgraded
• To remove (or reinstall) components manually:Note:472937.1 Information On Installed Database Componentsand Schemas Note.300056.1 Debug and Validate Invalid ObjectsNote:753041.1 How to diagnose Components with NON VALID statusNote.733667.1 How to Determine if XDB is Being Used in the Database?
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Command Line Upgrade
• Create Dictionary statistics• Shutdown the database (IMMEDIATE/NORMAL) • Adjust init parameters:
• COMPATIBLE ≥ 10.1.0• SGA_TARGET ≥ 524MB (32-bit) ... ≥ 748MB (64-bit)• PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET ≥ 25MB• LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT must contain %s, %t and %r
• Move init.ora/SPFILE and PWDsid.ora to their new location• Create a new 11g-Listener (use the NETCA)
• Change environment to point to the new $ORACLE_HOME
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Command Line Upgrade• Windows only:
• Delete the old Service:> oradim -DELETE -SID ORCL
• Create a new Service:> oradim -NEW-SID ORCL-SYSPWD passwrd-STARTMODE a-PFILE initfile
ORADIM creates a logfile in %ORACLE_HOME%\database
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SQL> STARTUP UPGRADE;
• Supresses unnecessary error messages likeORA-00942: table or view does not exist -thus logfiles will be easier to read and check
Command Line Upgrade
Please note:This is an excerpt from the alert.log – these parameters will be set implicitely during a STARTUP UPGRADE
ALTER SYSTEM SET _system_trig_enabled=FALSE SCOPE=MEMORY;Autotune of undo retention is turned off. ALTER SYSTEM SET _undo_autotune=FALSE SCOPE=MEMORY;ALTER SYSTEM SET undo_retention=900 SCOPE=MEMORY;ALTER SYSTEM SET aq_tm_processes=0 SCOPE=MEMORY;ALTER SYSTEM SET enable_ddl_logging=FALSE SCOPE=MEMORY;Resource Manager disabled during database migration: plan '' not setALTER SYSTEM SET resource_manager_plan='' SCOPE=MEMORY;ALTER SYSTEM SET recyclebin=‘OFF’ DEFERRED SCOPE=MEMORY;Resource Manager disabled during database migration
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Command Line Upgrade• Create tablespace SYSAUX (only if source is a 9i db) :
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE sysauxDATAFILE 'file' SIZE 500MEXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCALSEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTOONLINE;
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Command Line Upgrade• One upgrade scripts for all releases and all components:
• Useful:
• Database will be shutdown when script has been completed
• Generate fixed object stats (best practice!):
SQL> @catupgrd.sql
SQL> SPOOL c:\temp\upgrade.log
SQL> executedbms_stats.gather_fixed_objects_stats;
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• Recompilation:• utlrp.sql
• Calls utlprp.sql and dertermines the parallel degree for recompilation based on CPU cores
• Recompiles all INVALID objects • Utilizes package utl_recomp• Re-enables functional indexes automatically• utlprp.sql can be called directly like:
• SQL> @utlprp 7
• This can be useful to minimize CPU usage
Command Line Upgrade
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• Progress during recompilation :
Command Line Upgrade
1. Query returning the number of invalid objects remaining.This number should decrease with time.SELECT COUNT(*) FROM obj$ WHERE status IN (4, 5, 6);
2. Query returning the number of objects compiled so far.This number should increase with time.SELECT COUNT(*) FROM UTL_RECOMP_COMPILED;
3. Query showing jobs created by UTL_RECOMP.SELECT job_name FROM dba_scheduler_jobsWHERE job_name like 'UTL_RECOMP_SLAVE_%';
4. Query showing UTL_RECOMP jobs that are running.SELECT job_name FROM dba_scheduler_running_jobsWHERE job_name like 'UTL_RECOMP_SLAVE_%';
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• Post upgrade script: catuppst.sql• Only necessary when upgrading from ≥10.1• Located in ?/rdbms/admin• Database is not in upgrade mode anymore• Can be run concurrently with utlrp.sql
• Upgrade Automatic Workload repository (AWR) baseline information • Upgrade ADDM task metadata• Update Oracle Label security (OLS) policies
Command Line Upgrade
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• Post upgrade script: utlu112s.sql• Run against new database in 11g environment• Checks the upgrade results according to DBA_REGISTRY• Displays duration of the upgrade per component and in total
Command Line UpgradeStatus/Success
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Command Line Upgrade• Post upgrade script: utlu112s.sql
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlu112s.sql
Oracle Database 11.2 Post-Upgrade Status Tool 10-07-2009 11:48:30
Component Status Version HH:MM:SS
Oracle Server VALID 11.2.0.1.0 00:24:32 JServer JAVA Virtual Machine VALID 11.2.0.1.0 00:06:10 Oracle Workspace Manager VALID 11.2.0.1.0 00:01:11 OLAP Analytic Workspace VALID 11.2.0.1.0 00:00:44 OLAP Catalog VALID 11.2.0.1.0 00:01:33 Oracle OLAP API VALID 11.2.0.1.0 00:00:58 Oracle Enterprise Manager VALID 11.2.0.1.0 00:15:19 Oracle XDK VALID 11.2.0.1.0 00:06:11 Oracle Text VALID 11.2.0.1.0 00:01:18 Oracle XML Database VALID 11.2.0.1.0 00:07:43 Oracle Database Java Packages VALID 11.2.0.1.0 00:00:42 Oracle Multimedia VALID 11.2.0.1.0 00:09:57 Spatial VALID 11.2.0.1.0 00:10:34 Oracle Expression Filter VALID 11.2.0.1.0 00:00:23 Oracle Rules Manager VALID 11.2.0.1.0 00:00:20 Gathering Statistics 00:11:31
Total Upgrade Time: 01:39:16
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Agenda
Database Upgrade AssistantCommand Line Upgrade
Post UpgradeAlternatives
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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Post Upgrade Best Practice - SPFILE• Always create an editable init.ora from the current SPFILE
after the upgrade has been finished• Prevents rewrite in case of setting wrong parameters or
forced edit• Keep in mind:
• The SPFILE is binary file!!! Don't edit it!! Default since Oracle 9.0• It simply will exist after using DBUA or DBCA
• Parameter can be changed by:
SQL> create pfile from spfile; <<Now edit init.ora with any editor>>SQL> startup force pfile=initDB.oraSQL> create spfile from pfile;
SQL> alter system set PARAMETER=VALUE scope=both;
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Post Upgrade Task – time zoneOnly in 11g Release 2
• Adjust time zone data in the database to DST V11 or higher:
• For more information see the Globalization Doc:http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10729/ch4datetime.htm#NLSPG261
startup upgrade exec dbms_dst.begin_upgrade(new_version => 11); shutdown immediate;
startup; set serveroutput on; declare num_of_failures number; begin dbms_dst.upgrade_database(num_of_failures); dbms_output.put_line(num_of_failures); dbms_dst.end_upgrade(num_of_failures); dbms_output.put_line(num_of_failures); end; /
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Gather Workload Statistics• Gather system statistics during a regular workload period -
otherwise non-appropriate values for the CBO will be used:
SQL> select pname NAME, pval1 VALUE, pval2 INFOfrom aux_stats$;
NAME VALUE INFO-------------------- ---------- ------------------------------STATUS COMPLETEDDSTART 04-03-2010 12:30DSTOP 05-03-2010 12:30FLAGS 1CPUSPEEDNW 2498,65IOSEEKTIM 11,405IOTFRSPEED 25595,605...
SQL> EXECUTE dbms_stats.gather_system_stats('start');<< Run it for several hours on a workload – does not generate overhead!!! >>
SQL> EXECUTE dbms_stats.gather_system_stats('stop');
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Post Upgrade Best Practice• Create fixed table statistics directly after catupgrd.sql has
been completed:
• Otherwise it can happen that MMON will cause too much CPU load
• Create fixed table statistics again after a week with regular production workload
• This task should be done only a few times per year
SQL> executedbms_stats.gather_fixed_objects_stats;
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Agenda
Database Upgrade AssistantCommand Line Upgrade
Post UpgradeAlternatives
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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Upgrade Alternatives• Migration methods • Minimal downtime methods
• What does "minimal downtime" really mean?• 12 hours?• 60 minutes?• 5 minutes?• Less?• No downtime at all?
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Upgrade Alternatives
Same OS?N Y
UPGRADEExport/Import
CTAS, COPY
Transportable Tablespaces
Transportable Database
Oracle StreamsDBUA
Downtime >30min?
Y
N
SQL Apply
CLI SQL> @catupgrd
Oracle Golden Gate
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Upgrade Alternatives
Same OS?N Y
UPGRADEExport/Import
CTAS, COPY
Transportable Tablespaces
Transportable Database
Oracle StreamsDBUA
Downtime >30min?
Y
N
SQL Apply
CLI SQL> @catupgrd
Oracle Golden Gate
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"Regular" Database Upgrade• Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA)• Command line upgrade with catupgrd.sql• Usually between 30 and 90 minutes
• Dependent mainly on installed options and componentsComponent HH:MM:SS
Oracle Server 00:16:17
JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 00:05:19
Oracle Workspace Manager 00:01:01
Oracle Enterprise Manager 00:10:13
Oracle XDK 00:00:48
Oracle Text 00:00:58
Oracle XML Database 00:04:09
Oracle Database Java Packages 00:00:33
Oracle Multimedia 00:07:43
Oracle Expression Filter 00:00:18
Oracle Rule Manager 00:00:12
Gathering Statistics 00:04:53
Total Upgrade Time: 00:52:31
Component HH:MM:SS
Oracle Server 00:16:17
JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 00:05:19
Oracle XDK 00:00:48
Oracle Text 00:00:58
Oracle XML Database 00:04:09
Oracle Database Java Packages 00:00:33
Gathering Statistics 00:02:43
Total Upgrade Time: 00:30:47
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Upgrade Alternatives
Same OS?N Y
UPGRADEExport/Import
CTAS, COPY
Transportable Tablespaces
Transportable Database
Oracle StreamsDBUA
Downtime >30min?
Y
N
SQL Apply
CLI SQL> @catupgrd
Oracle Golden Gate
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Export - Import
6.0.36 11.2.0.1
Create newSource DB Dest. DB
$ exp FULL=Y $ imp FULL=Y
Dum
p Fi
le T
rans
fer
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Export - Import• All purpose• Import of all versions ≥ Oracle V5 possible • "exp" is not supported in 11g anymore
• But the utility is still there and can be used• "imp" is still supported for importing older dumpfiles
• Not really fast but well known and reliable• Relation between amount of data and runtime
• Necessary and helpful :• Changing the database charactersets• Changing the OS platform• Schema consolidation• Non-direct-upgrade supported releases such as 8.0.3
• No need to care for source patch release or time zone patches
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Export - Import• Export/Import
• Changing the character set• Changing the Database Character Set
Note: 225912.1• Use Scanner Utility CSscan before altering the DB Character set
Note: 123670.1• Unicode
• Problem can be special characters, e.g.:Umlaut Ä in WE8ISO... = 1 ByteUmlaut Ä in UTF8 = 2 Byte• Workaround: nls_length_semantics=char
• Important Unicode Notes on support.oracle.com:Note: 260893.1 and Note: 788156.1
• WE8ISO8859P1 ==> P15: Note 257722.1• Character Set Migration - White Paper:
• http://www.oracle.com/technology/tech/globalization/pdf/mwp.pdf
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Export - Import• Hints and tricks
• Transfer dump files always in BINARY mode• Do full database export always as user SYSTEM
• GRANTs on SYS's objects have to be exported seperately• Import takes approximately 3x times as long as Export• Export always with the lowest involved database version• Import always with imp of target database
• See also: Note:286775.1
• Export performance• DIRECT=Y ... bypasses SQL-Layer, but no conversions!• Parallelize export by dividing into logical independent chunks of data
• Import performance• Increase BUFFER• INDEXES=N ... build indexes later in parallel ... INDEXFILE=...• Parameter COMMIT_WRITE=NOWAIT (10g) or COMMIT_WAIT=NOWAIT
(11g) during import
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Data Pump• The "new" exp/imp - since Oracle Database 10g
• Faster than exp/imp• Powerful concept and more capabilities than exp/imp
• EXCLUDE• COMPRESS=ALL (Advanced Compression Option ☺)• SQL with WHERE clause• Hint: Use EXCLUDE=STATISTICS while importing
• Compatibility and version changes: Note:553337.1
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Data Pump with NETWORK_LINK
10.2.0.4 11.2.0.1
Create newSource DB Dest. DB
$ impdp FULL=Y
<< TRANSFER >>Database Link
$ impdp USER=abc$ impdp ...
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Data Pump• Data Pump cross database link
• Parameter: NETWORK_LINK• Run impdp on the target system• No expdp necessary
• Does not work with LONG/LONG RAW and object types• No disk-IO and no dump file transfer will be performed
• Limitation: network bandwidth• Example:
$ impdp system/pw NETWORK_LINK=mydblink FULL=Y
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Upgrade Alternatives
Same OS?N Y
UPGRADEExport/Import
CTAS, COPY
Transportable Tablespaces
Transportable Database
Oracle StreamsDBUA
Downtime >30min?
Y
N
SQL Apply
CLI SQL> @catupgrd
Oracle Golden Gate
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Transportable Tablespaces• Concept:
• Create an "empty" database in the new environment• Plug in all data tablespaces from source to target database
- SYSTEM+SYSAUX tablespaces can't be transported- Additional steps necessary to move views, synonyms etc.
• "Possibly" very fast upgrade• Complexity could be constraining• Works cross-platform and cross-Endianness since Oracle
Database 10g
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Transportable Tablespaces• General facts regarding TTS
• Feature available since Oracle 8i
imp meta data
Copy the datafiles
exp meta data
Read Only
Read Write
Dest. DBSource DB
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Transportable Tablespaces• TTS x-platform (v$transportable_platform):
FILE
COPY
FILE
COPY
Big EndianLittle Endian RMANconvert
HP Open VMSHP Tru64 UNIX
Linux IA (32-bit)Linux IA (64-bit)Linux 64-bit for AMD
Microsoft Windows IA (64-bit)Microsoft Windows 64-bit for AMDMicrosoft Windows IA (32-bit)
Solaris Operating System (x86)
Apple Mac OS
HP-UX (64-bit)HP-UX IA (64-bit)
AIX-Based Systems (64-bit)IBM zSeries Based LinuxIBM Power Based Linux
Solaris[tm] OE (32-bit)Solaris[tm] OE (64-bit)
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Transportable Tablespaces
Source DB
Move non-segmenteduser objects
10.2.0.4 11.2.0.1
Dest. DB
Create new
Transport
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 130
Upgrade Alternatives
Same OS?N Y
UPGRADEExport/Import
CTAS, COPY
Transportable Tablespaces
Transportable Database
Oracle StreamsDBUA
Downtime >30min?
Y
N
SQL Apply
CLI SQL> @catupgrd
Oracle Golden Gate
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 131
Transportable Database• Feature since Oracle Database 10g Release 2
• Cross-platform• Unfortunately not cross-Endianness!!!• With RMAN in an automated way
• Database must be switched to READ ONLY mode• Datafiles must be converted with RMAN into target format
• RMAN CONVERT DATABASE command• Either on the source or the target system – in most cases
completes faster on the target system• Not a real minimal downtime concept
• But very comfortable for migrations in between one Endianness group
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 132
RMANconvert
Transportable Database• TDB x-platform (For OS naming conventions see: v$transportable_platform):
Big EndianLittle EndianRMANconvert
HP Open VMSHP Tru64 UNIX
Linux IA (32-bit)Linux IA (64-bit)Linux 64-bit for AMD
Microsoft Windows IA (64-bit)Microsoft Windows 64-bit for AMDMicrosoft Windows IA (32-bit)
Solaris Operating System (x86)
HP-UX (64-bit)HP-UX IA (64-bit)
AIX-Based Systems (64-bit)IBM zSeries Based LinuxIBM Power Based Linux
Solaris[tm] OE (32-bit)Solaris[tm] OE (64-bit)
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Transportable Database
• Transportable Database - Information• Database Upgrades using Transportable Database (RMAN):
http://www.oracle.com/technology/deploy/availability/pdf/MAA_WP_10gR2_PlatformMigrationTDB.pdf
• Note: 413586.1How To Use RMAN CONVERT DATABASE for Cross Platform Migration
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 134
Upgrade Alternatives
Same OS?N Y
UPGRADEExport/Import
CTAS, COPY
Transportable Tablespaces
Transportable Database
Oracle StreamsDBUA
Downtime >30min?
Y
N
SQL Apply
CLI SQL> @catupgrd
Oracle Golden Gate
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 135
Oracle Streams• Concept
• Build up a copy of your database and upgrade it• Synchronize it with the source database• Downtime:
• Just reconnecting the clients• Cross platform• Cross version since Oracle 9iR2• Some effort necessary to set it up• Fallback possible• Logminer
• Datatype restrictions• Performance
• How to:Oracle® Streams Concepts and Administration: Appendix Dhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10704/ap_strmnt.htm#CIHJBIAA
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 136
Upgrade Alternatives
Same OS?N Y
UPGRADEExport/Import
CTAS, COPY
Transportable Tablespaces
Transportable Database
Oracle StreamsDBUA
Downtime >30min?
Y
N
SQL Apply
CLI SQL> @catupgrd
Oracle Golden Gate
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Oracle GoldenGate• Concept
• Create a copy of your database with Transportable Tablespaces• GoldenGate CDG mechanism for synchronization• http://www.goldengate.com/
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 138
Agenda
ParametersProcesses
MiscellaneousTools
LOB & SecureFilesFlashback
ADRCompression
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 139
Parameter COMPATIBLE• COMPATIBLE has to be at least 10.1.0 for an 11g database• No way back once ≥11.1.0 has been enabled
• Supported release downgrade to 10.1.0.5, ≥10.2.0.2, ≥11.1.0.6• No ALTER DATABASE RESET COMPATIBILITY command anymore
COMPATIBLE = 10.0/1/2.0
COMPATIBLE = 11.0.0
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Parameter COMPATIBLE• DBUA raises COMPATIBLE only for 9i databases• To enable new features after the upgrade:
• 11.1:
• 11.2 :
• Afterwards: restart the database• New features will be enabled• Datafile headers will be adjusted• Redologfiles will be adjusted during first access
SQL> alter systemset compatible='11.1.0' scope=spfile;
SQL> alter systemset compatible='11.2.0' scope=spfile;
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New 11g Parameters• See the list in the Oracle Reference "New Features"
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10820/whatsnew.htm#sthref6
• New in 11.1.0.6:• ASM_PREFERRED_READ_FAILURE_GROUPS
CLIENT_RESULT_CACHE_LAGCLIENT_RESULT_CACHE_SIZECOMMIT_LOGGINGCOMMIT_WAITCONTROL_MANAGEMENT_PACK_ACCESSDB_LOST_WRITE_PROTECTDB_SECUREFILEDB_ULTRA_SAFEDDL_LOCK_TIMEOUTDIAGNOSTIC_DESTGLOBAL_TXN_PROCESSESJAVA_JIT_ENABLEDLDAP_DIRECTORY_SYSAUTHMEMORY_MAX_TARGETMEMORY_TARGETOPTIMIZER_CAPTURE_SQL_PLAN_BASELINESOPTIMIZER_USE_INVISIBLE_INDEXESOPTIMIZER_USE_PENDING_STATISTICSOPTIMIZER_USE_SQL_PLAN_BASELINES
• New in 11.1.0.7 (for Exadata/SAGE):• CELL_OFFLOAD_PROCESSING
CELL_OFFLOAD_DECRYPTIONCELL_OFFLOAD_PARAMETERS
PARALLEL_IO_CAP_ENABLEDPLSCOPE_SETTINGSREDO_TRANSPORT_USERRESOURCE_MANAGER_CPU_ALLOCATIONRESULT_CACHE_MAX_RESULTRESULT_CACHE_MAX_SIZERESULT_CACHE_MODERESULT_CACHE_REMOTE_EXPIRATIONSEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGONSEC_MAX_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTSSEC_PROTOCOL_ERROR_FURTHER_ACTIONSEC_PROTOCOL_ERROR_TRACE_ACTIONSEC_RETURN_SERVER_RELEASE_BANNERXML_DB_EVENTS
CELL_OFFLOAD_COMPACTIONCELL_OFFLOAD_PLAN_DISPLAY
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New 11g Release 2 Parameters• See the list in the Oracle Reference "New Features"
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10820/whatsnew.htm#sthref6
• New in 11.2.0:• DEFERRED_SEGMENT_CREATIONDST_UPGRADE_INSERT_CONVLISTENER_NETWORKSPARALLEL_DEGREE_LIMITPARALLEL_DEGREE_POLICYPARALLEL_FORCE_LOCALPARALLEL_MIN_TIME_THRESHOLDPARALLEL_SERVERS_TARGET
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 143
New Parameters 11g - Selection• CONTROL_MANAGEMENT_PACK_ACCESS
• Default: DIAGNOSTIC+TUNING• Values: DIAGNOSTIC+TUNING
DIAGNOSTICNONE
• Purpose:Controls access to several functionalties of Diagnostic and Tuning Pack
• Example: CONTROL_MANAGEMENT_PACK_ACCESS=NONE
select count(*) from v$active_session_history;==> 0 rows
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 144
New Parameters 11g - Selection• DIAGNOSTIC_DEST
• Default: $ORACLE_BASE• Value: OS path/directory• Layout: <diagnostic_dest>/diag/rdbms/<dbname>/<instname>
• Purpose:Substitutes background_dump_dest,user_dump_dest, listener trace etc. and specifies theADR home (Automatic Diagnostic Repository)
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New Parameters 11g - Selection
• MEMORY_TARGET and MEMORY_MAX_TARGET• Default: 0• Value: integer [K | M | G] • Purpose:Specifies the complete plus the maximum memory
available to the Oracle server
SGA_TARGET
SGA_MAX_SIZE
MEMORY_MAX_TARGET
MEMORY_TARGET
PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 146
New Parameter Defaults 11g• AUDIT_TRAIL
• Default: NONE or DB• Values: NONE
OSXMLDBDB_EXTENDED
• Purpose:Will help auditing security relevant statements.Upon an upgrde AUDIT_TRAIL keeps its defaultfrom 9.2/10.1/10.2 (NONE). If a 11g database iscreated from scratch then it'll set to DB andstatements get logged in SYS.AUD$
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 147
Agenda
ParametersProcesses
MiscellaneousTools
AutomationLOB & SecureFiles
FlashbackADR
Compression
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 148
• Example:
Background Processes
select name, description from v$bgprocess, v$processwhere paddr=addr;
NAME DESCRIPTION----- -----------------------ARC0 Archival Process 0ARC1 Archival Process 1ARC2 Archival Process 2ARC3 Archival Process 3CJQ0 Job Queue CoordinatorCKPT checkpointDBRM Resource Manager processDBW0 db writer process 0DIA0 diagnosibility process 0DIAG diagnosibility processDSKM slave DiSKMon processFBDA Flashback Data Archiver Pr.GEN0 General Task Execution Pr.LGWR Redo etc.
NAME DESCRIPTION----- --------------------------MMAN Memory ManagerMMNL Manageability Monitor Pr 2MMON Manageability Monitor PrPMON process cleanupPSP0 process spawner 0QMNC AQ CoordinatorRECO distributed recoverySMCO Space Manager ProcessSMON System Monitor ProcessVKRM Virtual sKeduler for RMgrVKTM Virtual Keeper of TiMe pr
BLUE: New in 11gR2RED: New in 11gR1
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Agenda
ParametersProcesses
MiscellaneousTools
AutomationLOB & SecureFiles
FlashbackADR
Compression
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 150
• The CONNECT Role has been changed since 10gR2:
CONNECT Role
GRANTEE PRIVILEGE----------------------- -------------------CONNECT CREATE VIEWCONNECT CREATE TABLECONNECT ALTER SESSIONCONNECT CREATE CLUSTERCONNECT CREATE SESSIONCONNECT CREATE SYNONYMCONNECT CREATE SEQUENCECONNECT CREATE DATABASE LINK
GRANTEE PRIVILEGE----------------------- -------------------CONNECT CREATE SESSION
R2
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• Hash Group by aggregation which allows a hash algorithm to process group by statements
• For sorts ORDER BY has to be used
• Description see Note:345048.1• _gby_hash_aggregation_enabled=false
• See also:Note:295819.1 Potential Query Tuning Related Issues
GROUP BY results: unsorted
select sum(sal), deptno from scott.emp group by deptno;
SUM(SAL) DEPTNO---------- ----------
8750 1010875 209400 30
SUM(SAL) DEPTNO---------- ---------
9400 3010875 208750 10
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 152
RMAN - Recovery Manager• RMAN Compatibility Matrix
• Note:73431.1
• Rules:• The RMAN executable version should be the same as the target database• The RMAN catalog schema version must be greater than or equal to the
RMAN executable• The RMAN catalog is backwards compatible with target databases from
earlier releases• Upgrade the catalog:
RMAN> upgrade catalog
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Agenda
ParametersProcesses
MiscellaneousTools
AutomationLOB & SecureFiles
FlashbackADR
Compression
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 154
Enterprise Manager 11g• Database Control for all database administration tasks
•
• Grid Control as an IT system administration tool• Supports Oracle and non-Oracle IT infrastructures • GC patch set 10.2.0.5 + 10.2.0.5.2 PSU contains 11g functionality
• Patch the agents as well to 10.2.0.5• GridControl 11g is available since 22-APR-2010
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 155
SQL Developer 1.5.5• Developer tool at no extra cost
http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/database/sql_developer/index.html
• Key-Features:• Excellent PL/SQL development and debugging• Extremely fast object browser• Schema copy and diff• Supports Oracle 9iR2 and above• Migration workbench for:
• MS SQL-Server• MS Access• MySQL
• No extra license costs!
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 156
APEX 3.2• APEX = Application Express = ex-HTMLDB
• GUI development environment• Easy to use - wizard driven• Forms conversion assistant
• APEX is available by default• No additional installation or license necessary• Current release: 3.2.1
• HTTP via "Embedded Gateway"
• Two configuration steps:• $ORACLE_HOME/apex/apxconf.sql• ALTER USER anonymous ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
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Agenda
ParametersProcesses
MiscellaneousTools
LOB & SecureFilesFlashback
ADRCompression
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 158
SecureFiles• Securefiles = new LOB storage technology
• Better performance• Additional features: deduplication, encryption
• Examples:
• Tablespace must be ASSM managed
• Additional init.ora parameter
CREATE TABLE t1 (a CLOB) LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE;
CREATE TABLE t2 (a CLOB) LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE(DEDUPLICATE);
CREATE TABLE t3 (a CLOB ENCRYPT USING 'AES128')LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE (CACHE);
DB_SECUREFILE = [NEVER | PERMITTED | ALWAYS | IGNORE]
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 159
LONG LOB Conversion• LONG data type is still supported, but Oracle
recommends conversion to LOB types
• Disadvantages of LONG:• Maximum number of LONG columns per table : 1• No replication possible with LONG und LONG RAW • Attention:
• LONG LOB conversion is irreversible
LONG
CLOB NCLOB
LONG RAW
BLOB
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LONG LOB Conversion• Conversion:
• Online Table Redefinition• Available for LONG/LOB since 10g• Package: DBMS_REDEFINITION • Regulation:
• LONG CLOB• LONG RAW BLOB
• Conversion is done implicitly• More information: Note:251417.1 and 1012454.7 (including examples)
• Advantage:Source table is available during the whole process
ALTER TABLE long_tab MODIFY ( long_col CLOB );
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SecureFiles• Securefiles are fully transparent
• Data type still a BLOB/CLOB• Definition per storage clause or controlled by init Parameter• No functional differences
• Even "deduplication" is fully transparent for developers
• API access: PL/SQL (DBMS_LOB), JDBC, .NET, PHP, ...
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Agenda
ParametersProcesses
MiscellaneousTools
LOB & SecureFilesFlashback
ADRCompression
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 163
Undo
Flashback• Different types of flashback and its sources
• Flashback Query• Versions Query• Transaction Query• Flashback Table
• Flashback Drop
• Flashback Database
• Total Recall Flashback Data Archive
Undo
Flashback Logs
Enabled by default
Enabled by default
Has to be enabled
Has to be enabled
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 164
Agenda
ParametersProcesses
MiscellaneousTools
LOB & SecureFilesFlashback
ADRCompression
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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• ADR: systemwide logging and tracing directory• Set via diagnostic_dest parameter• Default: ORACLE_BASE
Automatic Diagnostic Repository
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 166
Agenda
ParametersProcesses
MiscellaneousTools
LOB & SecureFilesFlashback
ADRCompression
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 167
Agenda
Object StatisticsMonitoring
SQL Tuning
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 168
Tuning with the right tools ...
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 169
Agenda
Object StatisticsMonitoring
SQL Tuning
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 170
Optimizer Statistics Gathering
• Default maintenance job
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 171
Optimizer Statistics Gathering• Configure maintenance schedule
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Optimizer Statistics Gathering• Configure settings and parameters
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 173
GATHER_STATS_JOB
No# of DMLs in: DBA/USER_TAB_MODIFICATIONS:
Tables without statistics:EMPTY
Table changed >10%:STALE
Table-Monitoring ON SMON manually:
SQL> exec DBMS_STATS.FLUSH_DATABASE_MONITORING_INFO();
every 15min
manually:SQL> exec DBMS_STATS.GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS('SCOTT');
Automatic Job – once a day:
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 174
GATHER_STATS_JOB
Statistics: EMPTY
Statistics: STALE
Statistics: OK
54%
Objects: Analysis order:high
low
Priority
27%
54%27%
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 175
Optimizer without statistics• What happens if there are no object statistics?
The optimizer (CBO) will estimate (at parsing time) the statistics for tables and indexesPrerequisite:OPTIMIZER_DYNAMIC_SAMPLING=2 [Default since 10g]
• Level 0 - Dynamic Sampling off (~OLTP)• Level 2 – Optimizer checks first 64 blocks of object
• For descriptions of all levels:Performance Tuning Guide
• Example:http://www.oracle.com/technology/oramag/oracle/09-jan/o19asktom.html
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Agenda
Object StatisticsMonitoring
SQL Tuning
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 177
• STATISTICS_LEVEL=TYPICAL [default]• Alternative Settings:
• BASIC• ALL
• TYPICAL (recommended setting) will enable:• Automatic SGA Tuning• Automatic Statistics Collection• Active Session History • DML Monitoring
Requirements for Diagnostics & Tuning
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Diagnostics & Tuning Concept since 10g
Snapshots
ADDMADDMresults
MMON
Alerts
In-memorystatistics AWR
SGA
Reactive
ProactiveDBA
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 179
Tuning Basics since 10g• AWR (Automatic Workload Repository)
• Statistics repository in SYSAUX tablespace for AWR snapshots• Self managing• Data stored in the AWR is collected by MMON
• Every 60 minutes and kept for 7 days [default]• Query AWR contents: DBA_HIST-Views
• The automatic removal of certain snapshots can be supressed for later analysis by defining them as a baseline
• Snapshots can be created on demand at every time:• EXEC dbms_workload_repository.create_snapshot();
• AWR size and analysis:• @?/rdbms/admin/awrinfo.sql
• Report:• SI: SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/awrrpt.sql
• RAC: SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/awrrpti.sql
• Single statements: SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/awrsqrpt.sql
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Tuning Basics since 10g• AWR
• Recommendation: Change retention:
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Tuning Basics since 10g• AWR
• Typical production database values• Interval: 30-60 minutes ... retention: 20-31 days
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 184
DB Management Pack Enhancements 11g• Diagnostic Pack
• ADDM for RAC• AWR Baselines and Adaptive Thresholds• Transportable AWR
• Tuning Pack• Automatic SQL Tuning Advisor• Partition Advisor• Real-time SQL Monitoring• SQL Plan Management's Plan Evolution
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Agenda
Object StatisticsMonitoring
SQL Tuning
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 187
Manual SQL Tuning Challenges
• Complex - requires expertise in several domains• SQL optimization: adjust the execution plan• Access design: provide fast data access• SQL design: use appropriate SQL constructs
• Time consuming• Each SQL statement is unique• Potentially large number of statements to tune
• Never ending task• SQL workload always evolving• Plan regressions can happen
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 188
SQL Tuning Automation in 11g• Fully automatic SQL Tuning task
• Runs automatically in the Maintenance Window• Identifies, ranks and tunes candidate SQL• Leverages SQL Tuning Advisor
• Candidate SQL automatically chosen• Excluded: parallel queries, DML/DDL, recursive, ad-hoc (infrequent)
• Tests and (optionally) implements SQL profiles• Only implements significantly improved plans (3x) • Time budgeted to avoid run-away plans
• DBA can still invoke the advisor manually for reactive tuning, like in 10g
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SQL Tuning Automation in 11g• Configure Automatic SQL Tuning
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SQL Tuning Automation in 11g• Configure Automatic SQL Tuning
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 191
It’s Automatic!
Choose Candidate
SQLone
week
Automatic SQL Tuning in 11g
Workload
SQL Tuning Candidates
Test SQL ProfilesImplementSQL Profiles
GenerateRecommendations
AWRDBA
View Reports / Control Process
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SQL Tuning Advisor
• Can be used in EM or on CLI (via DBMS_SQLTUNE)• 2 Different tuning modes are available:
• “Limited mode” will not generate a SQL Profile• “Comprehensive mode” runs through all possible analysis options
• SQL Profiles contain information that lead to improved execution plans without changing the application code
• Use different optimizer settings• Correct wrong/missing statistics and wrong estimates• SQL Profiles are persistent • SQL Profiles don’t change the original SQL statement• SQL Profiles can be transported within SQL Tuning Sets (STS)
• See Note:751068.1 for an example• SQL Profiles can be tested and verified without any risk
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SQL Tuning• Example: Results „Tuning Advisor“ SQL Profile
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SQL Tuning• Example: Compare original to new explain plan
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Agenda
ChallengesReal Application Testing
Database ReplaySQL Performance Analyzer
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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Agenda
Fallback StrategiesGuidelines
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 198
Fallback Strategy• In any case: Take a backup!!!• Then make clear:
• If anything unforeseen happens and you'll have to step back, will you be allowed to lose data(i.e. changes done to the data in the system after the upgrade):YES or NO?• If YES: restore a backup, flashback (since 10g) • If NO: export/import, downgrade, Oracle Streams, Oracle
Golden Gate
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Agenda
Fallback StrategiesGuidelines
Preparation
Upgrade
Diagnostics & Tuning
Best Practices
News and Task List
Performance Testing
Installation
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© 2010 Oracle Corporation 200
Guidelines• Never ever change too many system components at once!• Document all changes detailed and clearly into a change log!• Always (!!!) use real world data for testing!• Don't underestimate the test efforts. Reserve enough time and
resources for testing.• ALWAYS collect as much performance data BEFORE the
upgrade will be started!!• Create a fallback strategy!• PLEASE test your fallback strategy - does it really work??
• Please remember:Upgrade has never been easier - but you still have to test!!!
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<Insert Picture Here>
&
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Thanks For Coming !!
Daniel Liu Contact InformationEmail: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
Company Web Site:http://www.oracle.com
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