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Maintaining cerebral blood flowFrom heart to brainBronzwaer, A.-S.G.T.

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List of abbreviations

List of abbreviations 237

ACA Anterior cerebral arteryACE Angiotensin-converting enzymeASL Arterial spin labelingAUC Area under the curveAWF Airway flowAWP Airway pressureA(B)P Arterial (blood) pressureBOLD Blood-oxygen-level dependentBPV Blood pressure variabilityBRS Baroreflex sensitivityCA Cerebral autoregulationCBF Cerebral blood flowCBFv Cerebral blood flow velocityCBV Central blood volumeCI Cardiac indexCO Cardiac outputCO2 Carbon dioxideCPP Cerebral perfusion pressureCrCP Critical closing pressureCV Coefficients of variationDAP Diastolic arterial pressurefMRI Functional magnetic resonance imagingHF Heart failureHf High-frequencyHG HandgripHHb Deoxygenated hemoglobin tissue concentrationHR Heart rateHRV Heart rate variabilityHUT Head-up tiltIBI Inter-beat intervalICC Intraclass correlation coefficientICP Intracranial pressureLBNP Lower body negative pressureLf Low-frequencyMAP Mean arterial pressureMCA Middle cerebral arteryMRI Magnetic resonance imagingMSNA Muscle sympathetic nerve activityMVC Maximum voluntary contraction

238 List of abbreviations

NIRS Near-infrared spectroscopyNYHA New York Heart AssociationO2 OxygenO2Hb Oxygenated hemoglobin tissue concentrationPaCO2 Arterial carbon dioxide partial pressurePaO2 Arterial oxygen partial pressurePCA Posterior cerebral arteryPET Positron emission tomographyPetCO2 End-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressurePLD Post-labeling delayPP Pulse pressurePPV Pulse pressure variationRAP Resistance area productROI Region of interestSAP Systolic arterial pressureSMA Supplementary motor areaSNR Signal-to-noise ratioSPV Systolic pressure variationSV(I) Stroke volume (index)TCD Transcranial Doppler ultrasoundtHb Total hemoglobin tissue concentrationTOF Time-of-flightTPR Total peripheral resistanceTV Tidal volume

Authors and affiliations

Authors and affiliations 241

Bogert lwJDepartment of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Daemen MJAPDepartment of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Dahan ADepartment of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Nether-lands

Ghariq EDepartment of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the NetherlandsC.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medi-cal Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Hoogendoorn SCTechnical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands

Muller MDepartment of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Neth-erlands

Ouweneel DMAMC Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Piek JJAMC Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Stok wJDepartment of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology (department of Medical Biology by January 1, 2017), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Van Buchem MADepartment of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the NetherlandsC.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medi-cal Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

242 Authors and affiliations

Van der walderveen MAADepartment of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

Van lieshout JJDepartment of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Nether-landsMRC/Arthritis Research UK Center for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen’s Medical Center, Notting-ham, United Kingdom

Van Osch MJPDepartment of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the NetherlandsC.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medi-cal Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Verbree JDepartment of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the NetherlandsC.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medi-cal Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

Vernooij ASnDepartment of Instrumental Development, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

Versluis MJDepartment of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the NetherlandsC.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medi-cal Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

westerhof BEEdwards Lifesciences BMEYE, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsCurrent position: Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

PhD portfolio

PhD portfolio 245

PhD student: A.G.T. BronzwaerPhD period: November 2012 - March 2017Promotores: Prof. dr. M.J.A.P. Daemen Prof. dr. J.J. van LieshoutCopromotor: Dr. ir. M.J.P. van Osch

year PhD training ECTS  Graduate School courses  2012 Web of Science 0.52013 AMC World of Science 0.72013 Practical Biostatistics 1.12013 Systemic Reviews 0.72013 Basic Course in Legislation and Organization for Clinical

Researchers (BROK course)1.0

2013 Project Management 0.62014 Oral presentation (in English) 0.82014 Computing in R 0.42015 Advanced Topics in Biostatistics 2.1   Specific courses  2013 Integrative Human Cardiovascular Control, Copenhagen, Denmark 1.82014 Basic Life Support 0.12014 Venipuncture 0.32016 Masterclass of the Heart-Brain Connection (VasCog Conference) 0.3   Presentations and Conferences

International 

2015 Experimental Biology Congress, Boston, USA (poster presentation) 1.52016 Experimental Biology Congress, San Diego, USA (poster presentation) 1.5  National  2012 2nd International Meeting CarNet (poster presentation) 0.82013 TN2 conference - Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders

(oral presentation)0.5

2013 4th Rembrandt Symposium (oral presentation) 0.72014 6th Annual Meeting of the ISMRM Benelux Chapter 0.52014 5th Rembrandt Symposium (poster presentation) 0.52015 6th Rembrandt Symposium (oral and poster presentation) 0.72015 1st Amsterdam Cardiovascular Research Institute Symposium

(poster presentation)0.5

2016 8th International Meeting VasCog Conference (poster presentation) 0.7

Dankwoord

Dankwoord 249

Een proefschrift schrijf je niet alleen maar kan met recht een teamprestatie worden genoemd. Dit deel van het boek gebruik ik graag om iedereen te bedanken die direct of indirect betrokken waren bij de totstandkoming van dit proefschrift. Allereerst gaat mijn dank uit naar de vrijwilligers en patiënten die veelal met groot enthousiasme hebben meegewerkt. Een aantal andere mensen wil ik graag persoonlijk noemen.

Beste Han (prof. van Lieshout), ruim 5 jaar geleden stapte ik voor het eerst je werkkamer op F7 binnen en maakte ik kennis met je enthousiaste en ietwat chaotische manier van werken. Van jou heb ik geleerd hoe je onderzoek doet. Van (knoei)proeven doen in het lab, het schrijven (en herschrijven) van manuscripten tot het samenwerken met de verschillende afdelingen. Uren heb ik bij je op je kamer gezeten en hebben we gepraat over het onderzoek maar ook met grote regelmaat over andere zaken die ons boeide. Ik bewonder je altijd aanwezige drang naar nieuwe kennis en waardeer de tijd die je in mij hebt gestoken om dit promotietraject tot een goed einde te brengen. Je bent de perfecte mentor gebleken en ik wil je hiervoor heel hartelijk danken.

Beste Mat (prof. Daemen) en Mark (prof. van Buchem), elke drie maanden kwamen we bij elkaar om verslag uit te brengen van de gedane zaken. Jullie kritische blik en de interessante discussies die hierop volgden, daagde me steeds weer uit om het verhaal nog krachtiger te formuleren. Veel dank voor jullie input en prettige samenwerking.

Beste Thijs (dr. van Osch), samen met de andere collega’s van het Gorter Centrum in het LUMC heb je mij op weg geholpen binnen de wereld van de MRI. Ik bewonder je relaxte manier van werken en heb je betrokkenheid bij het opzetten van de experimenten en hulp bij het opschrijven van de resultaten zeer gewaardeerd. Veel dank hiervoor!

Beste commissieleden, heel hartelijk dank dat jullie deel wilden uitmaken van mijn promotiecommissie.

Beste Jasper, met recht mijn collega in crime. Vier jaar geleden zijn wij samen dit avon-tuur aangegaan en hebben we vele uren gewerkt aan het opzetten en uitvoeren van allerhande experimenten. De vele rollen duct tape zijn meer dan eens onmisbaar ge-bleken maar onze inspanningen zijn het waard geweest. De gezamenlijke congresreizen naar het buitenland waren erg gezellig en zorgde voor de nodige ontspanning. Bedankt voor deze fijne samenwerking!

Beste Wim, hierbij wil ik je heel hartelijk danken voor alle hulp die je me de afgelopen jaren hebt geboden bij het opzetten en uitvoeren van de studies. Je was mijn vertrou-wde baken in de hoek van verdieping M01 en zeer regelmatig liep ik bij je binnen voor

250 Dankwoord

weer een vraag of een technisch probleem. Ik hoop dat vele anderen na mij nog jaren gebruik mogen maken van jouw expertise.

Beste Berend, ook jij bent al vanaf het prille begin betrokken geweest bij mijn onder-zoek. Je altijd luisterende oor en goede adviezen hebben mij regelmatig een duwtje in de goede richting gegeven. Veel dank hiervoor. Beste John, je aanwezigheid tijdens de wekelijkse werkbesprekingen en je waardevolle input op het onderzoek heb ik zeer gewaardeerd en ik wil je hiervoor hartelijk danken.

Speciale dank gaat uit naar mijn collega’s uit kamer M01.217; een groot deel van mijn werkplezier werd bepaald door jullie. Beste Björn, je uitgebreide Matlab kennis heeft mij vele malen gered en altijd was je er toe bereid me weer op weg te helpen. Beste Niek, pas kort geleden heb jij een vaste intrek genomen in onze kamer. Niet alleen bracht je een hoop gezelligheid mee, door jou is de after-lunch-puzzle-break een rotsvast ge-geven geworden. Ook wil ik graag alle Technische Geneeskunde studenten (Erik, Tessa, Frank, Tom, Emile, Stephanie, Stijn, Carola, Petra, Laurens en Mathilde) bedanken die de afgelopen jaren hebben meegewerkt aan het onderzoek en hebben bijgedragen aan het gezellige werkklimaat in de kelder van het AMC. Daarnaast gaat mijn dank uit naar mijn collega’s van de afdelingen cardiologie en radiologie die betrokken zijn geweest bij de uitvoer van de verschillende studies. In het bijzonder bedank ik Ronak en Wieneke. Samen hebben we een complexe maar mooie patiënt studie op touw kunnen zetten wat zonder jullie hulp en inzet niet mogelijk was geweest.

Lieve vrienden en (schoon)familie, bedankt voor jullie vriendschap, steun en altijd luis-terende oor. De broodnodige ontspanning tijdens de afgelopen jaren vond ik mede bij jullie. Van gezellige koffiemomenten in het AMC tot aan gezamenlijke vakanties in het buitenland, ik heb genoten van elk moment en hoop dit nog heel lang samen met jullie te kunnen blijven doen!

Lieve papa en mama, dit proefschrift was er niet geweest zonder jullie steun en be-trokkenheid. Vanaf de dag dat ik het ouderlijk huis verliet en mama me naar het verre Enschede bracht, hebben jullie me alle ruimte gegeven om me te ontwikkelen en mijn eigen keuzes te maken. Jullie zeggen vaak zo trots als een pauw te zijn en regelmatig slingerde er in huis een kopie van een van mijn artikelen rond. Ik weet dat jullie er altijd voor mij zullen zijn en ik wil jullie bedanken voor de beste basis die ik van jullie heb mogen krijgen.

Lieve Jeroen en Isabelle, als enige zus werkzaam in de gezondheidszorg ben ik een wat vreemde eend in de bijt tussen al dat bedrijfskundige en fiscale geweld. Ondanks dat

Dankwoord 251

hebben jullie altijd oprechte interesse getoond in waar ik nu precies mee bezig was. Ik ben blij met onze fijne en sterke band en ik ben er trots op dat jullie mijn broer en zusje zijn.

En als laatste, lieve Koos. Al tien jaar ben jij mijn steun en toeverlaat. Het is een hele fijne gedachte te weten dat jij altijd voor mij klaar staat, wat er ook gebeurt. Ik kan in geen woorden omschrijven hoe blij ik ben dat jij in mijn leven bent en ik kijk met heel veel plezier uit naar een mooie toekomst samen.