uzma haque gp reg.. education & lifestyle adjustments glucose control oral medications ...
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Uzma HaqueGP Reg.
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Education & Lifestyle Adjustments Glucose control
Oral medications Insulin therapy
CV risk estimation Blood pressure Lipid modification End organ damage
Eye Kidney Nerve
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Education Maintain blood glucose levels-diet Lipid modifications Smoking cessation Obesity advice Maintain psychological well being
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Targets Renal/eye/CV damage- <130/80mmhg Others < 140/80 mmhg
If on Anti-hypertensives r/v 1-2 monthly until consistently below target
If stable Monitor 4-6 omnthly Monitor for SE
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Age (40 years) CV risk (over 20%/10 years UKPDS) Total cholesterol <4.0 mmol/litre
HDL ≤ 1.4 mmol/litre LDL-C < 2.0 mmol/litre
If TG high check causes If >4.5 mmol/litre persistently Offer Fibrates
Assess lipid profile 1-3 months at first Then Annually
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Offer Low-dose ( 75mg ) aspirin/clopidogrel
Age 50+ & BP <145/90 mmhg
Age < 50 & significant CV risk
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Monitoring Investigation Interpretation Action
Annually, regardless of presence of nephropathy:● arrange ACR estimationon first-pass urinesample (or spot sample if necessary)● measure serumcreatinine● estimate GFR
If abnormal ACR1(in absence ofproteinuria/UTI):● repeat test at nexttwo clinic visits andwithin 3–4 months● microalbuminuria is confirmed if at least one out of two ormore results is alsoabnormal1.
Suspect renal disease other thandiabetic nephropathy andconsider further investigation/referral if ACR is raised and:● no significant or progressiveretinopathy, or● BP is particularly high orresistant to treatment, or● heavy proteinuria (ACR> 100 mg/mmol) but ACRpreviously documented asnormal, or● significant haematuria, or● GFR has worsened rapidly,or● the person is systemically ill.
If diabetic nephropathyconfirmed, offer ACEinhibitor with dosetitration to maximumdose (unless nottolerated).Substitute an A2RB ifACE inhibitors arepoorly tolerated.Maintain BP< 130/80 mmHg ifabnormal ACR
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Gastropresis Erratic BGC/bloating/vomiting Metoclopramide/domperidone or refer
Erectile dysfunction r/v annually with men Phosphodiesterase-5 inh. If ineffective then refer
Foot problems- r/v annually Signs of Autonomic Neuropathy
Loss of warning signs for hypos Unexplained diarrhoea Unexplained bladder emptying
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Diabetic symptomatic neuropathy management - a therapeutic summary
Enquire annually for neuropathic symptoms(paraesthesiae, burning sensations, shooting pains, other)
Assess severity if present(sleep disturbance, depression, interference with normal activities)
Maintain good blood glucose control
Non-severeOffer simple analgesiaMonitor for worsening
Monitor for worsening or remission
Add a trial of the cheapest (at maximum dose) of duloxetine, gabapentin, or pregabalin – monitor for response
controlled controlledUncontrolled*
SevereOffer local measures and trial of
tricyclic medication;monitor for response
Monitor for worsening or remission
controlled Uncontrolled*
Consider a trial of another of duloxetine, gabapentin, or pregabalin – titrate dose and monitor for response
Monitor for worsening or remission
controlled Uncontrolled*
Review for opiate analgesia, pain clinical referral and psychological support
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