v. pinel, a. hooper, s. de la cruz - reyna, g. reyes...

V. Pinel, A. Hooper, S. de la CruzV. Pinel, A. Hooper, S. de la Cruz--Reyna, Reyna, G. ReyesG. Reyes--Davila, M.P. DoinDavila, M.P. Doin

!"#$%&'(&")*&$*('+,-".'/&(.*0$&'(&"1'&-2".3*&4*5.2-/&!"#$%&'(&")*&$*('+,-".'/&(.*0$&'(&"1'&-2".3*&4*5.2-/&6"+-"'3'02-/'*66"+-"'3'02-/'*6 778'9'2-"*9*"08'9'2-"*9*"0 -/$&&-/$&&:'0.,-:'0.,- ;'02-/'<&;'02-/'<&

=%&".,*&6*+.*6&'(=%&".,*&6*+.*6&'( >/!?@>/!?@ $-"-$-"- . .

3850 m

Steep slopes (> 30°) Highly vegetated

Two typical andesitic stratovolcanoes 5426 m

In the past:- Plinian eruptions/pyroclastic flows- Large flank sector collapses

Caracteristiques des strato-volcans andesitiquesTwo typical andesitic stratovolcanoes

Since 1998

Since 1994

Caracteristiques des strato-volcans andesitiquesCurrent activity of Popocatepetl and Colima Volcano

Succession of eruptive cycles- Dome construction- Explosions - Lava or Pyroclastic flows

Since 1998

Since 1994



Fin 2002

Juin 1997

Since 1998



March 2005

July 2001

Since 1998

Since 1994



Lava flowOctober 2004

Pyroclastic flow of January 2001

ENVISAT data (ESA Cat 1 project N° 3312): (11/2002! 02/2007)

!T

B"

Descending Track 255

Ascending Track 148!T

B"

Small activitySmall deformation reversible (EDM)

TLAMACAS-CANARIO

0.25

0.26

0.27

0.28

0.29

0.3

0.31

20-Nov-00

20-Mar-01

18-Jul-01

15-Nov-01

15-Mar-02

13-Jul-02

10-Nov-02

10-Mar-03

8-Jul-03

5-Nov-03

4-Mar-04

2-Jul-04

30-Oct-04

27-Feb-05

27-Jun-05

25-Oct-05

22-Feb-06

22-Jun-06

20-Oct-06

17-Feb-07

17-Jun-07

fecha

2882

+

Descending Tracks 255 and 384

Ascending track 48

B"

103W

!T

B"

!T

B"

!T

B"

Effusive activity : sept!nov. 2004

Explosions : march!sept. 2005

ENVISAT data (ESA Cat 1 project N° 3312): (12/2002! 08/2006)

35

595

385

350

175

70

805

735

59 80 185 216 89 435 409 388 526 450 760

Perpendicular Baseline (B", m)

Tem

pora

l bas

elin

e (!

T, d

ays)

MMeethod usedthod used to to improveimprove signal/noise ratio : signal/noise ratio :

!Interferograms obtained with DORIS.

!Persistent Scatterers : (Hooper et al, 2007)

Optimised for non urban areas.No assumption on the deformation temporal behaviour.

35500





!Small Baseline Method: 24500

35500





!Small Baseline Method: (Using a subset)

35500

41000






! Combination of both pixel data sets. 54950

35500

41000






! Combination of both pixel data sets

! “Spatio-temporal” unwrapping (“3D”)

54950

35500

41000

Unwrapping errorsUnwrapping errors : : -21 mm/y 41.9mm/y

Mean velocity

Phase/elevation correlation.DEM-SRTM

Strong troposphericStrong tropospheric artefacts :artefacts :Colima Volcano.

16/04/2004- 05/05/2005B"=5m

MethodsMethods to correct to correct thisthis effecteffect::

- Temporal filtering.- Continuous GPS data.- Meteorological inputs.- Correlation phase/elevation.

North American Regional Reanalysis North American Regional Reanalysis data data

#tropo = cte * ƒ(k1 (P/T)+ k2 (e/T) + k3 ( e/T2) + k4Wclouds + k5 ne/f2 + nrain ) dz

$#tropo/ $z = (cte/cos(%)) * (k1 (P/T)+ k2 (e/T) + k3 ( e/T2) )

Dry delay Wet delay

P: Total PressureT: Temperaturee : Partial pressure H2O

(k2<<k3)

Total delay !

Wet1st order (k3)

Mean total delay (rad/km)

Dry (k1)

Wet 2nd order (k2)

Ex: Colima Volcano


Tota

l del

ay !

(rad/

km)

Maximum delay 10 rad/km! 4 fringes

Track 384

Track 155


Ex: Colima Volcano

Ex. Colima Volcano

NARR.Estimation on wrapped phase..

Del

ay (r

ad/m

)

Interferogram number

ComparisonComparison NARR / NARR / correlationcorrelation phasephase--elevationelevation..

Ex. Colima Volcano

NARR.Estimation on wrapped phase.Estimation on unwrapped phase.Estimation on unwrapped phase using NARR.

Del

ay (r

ad/m

)

Interferogram number

ComparisonComparison NARR / NARR / correlationcorrelation phasephase--elevationelevation..

MMeethod appliedthod applied : :

- NARR data are used to help “unwrapping” (removed before and add back after).

- 3D Unwrapping

- Estimation of tropospheric delays by phase/elevation correlation

(+ spatially correlated DEM error).

- Correction of the unwrapped phase.

*2

-21 mm/y 41.9mm/y

Without helping unwrapping

-22.6 mm/y 43.3mm/y

Helping unwrapping

Colima Colima volcanovolcano

Mean displacement rate in LOS (mm/y)

19.8

19.6

-103.8

19.4

19.2-103.4-103.6 -103.2

-12.1 44.9

Descending track 384

-103.8 -103.4-103.6 -103.2

Ascending track 48

-4.9 37.2

Colima Colima volcanovolcano-- SummitSummit subsidencesubsidence


19.8

19.6

-103.8

19.4

19.2-103.4-103.6 -103.2

-12.1 44.9


-103.8 -103.4-103.6 -103.2

Ascending track 48

-4.9 37.2

Tamazula fault

Guzman

Summit

19.6

19.5

-103.619.4

-103.5

-12.1 44.9 -10.2 33.7 -5 37.2

-103.6 -103.5 -103.6 -103.5



Descending track 384 Ascending track 48Descending track 155

1.63 cm/y

0.07 cm/y

2.81 cm/y

1.68 cm/y

-0.27 cm/y



14 µrad11 µrad

9 µrad

Distance from crater center (m)Dis

plac

emen

etra

te (c

m/y

)Colima Colima volcanovolcano-- SummitSummit subsidencesubsidence

Distance from crater center (m)Distance from crater center (m)

Dis

plac

emen

etra

te (c

m/y

)

Dis

plac

emen

etra

te (c

m/y

)


- Load and compaction of eruptive products.

- Dome load.

- Withdrawal of a magma storage zone.

Explanation …

Maximum of Maximum of displacement isdisplacement is observedobserved aroundaroundthethe 1998 lava 1998 lava flowflow..

(Navarro-Ochoa et al., JVGR, 2002)39*106 m3 (!2.8 km from the crater center, 20 m thick)

DomeDome loadload ? ?

R=130m

=40m

&=2500 kg/m3

E=0.87GPaRMS=5.9mm

Elastic model :

Residual velocity -18.5 44.2

19.6

19.5

-103.619.4

-103.5

-12.1 44.9Data



1.68 cm/y

03/2003 09/2004 01/2005

Subsidence

Subsidence

2 domes of 2*106m3

removed in 3 years

DomeDome loadload ? ?

Time (since 1st Jan. 2003)

Disp

lace

men

t in

L OS

(cm

)

LoadLoad of of thethe redistributedredistributed domesdomes? ?

R=1 km

=0.4m

&=2500 kg/m3

Elastic model:

E=3GPaRMS=8.6 mm

V=1.3 million m3/y

19.6

19.5

-103.619.4

-103.5

-12.4 44.8

19.6

19.5

-103.619.4

-103.5

-12.1 44.9Data


Residual velocity


Withdrawal superficialWithdrawal superficial magma magma reservoirreservoir??

!V=-1.3*106m3/y, H=4700mRMS=5.35mm

H

19.6

19.5

-103.619.4

-103.5

-12.1 44.9 -13.2 44.8

19.6

19.5

-103.619.4

-103.5

Elastic model (Mogi):

Residual velocity


Data


Chamber withdrawal Chamber withdrawal + + load load of of redistributed domesredistributed domes?

!V=-0.9*106m3/yRMS=5.26mm

1km

250m

Elastic model :

19.6

19.5

-103.619.4

-103.5

-12.1 44.9 -12.6 44.9

-103.6 -103.5

Residual velocity


Data


After After correction (correction (ddoome redistribume redistributedted domesdomesloadload + + chamberchamber deflationdeflation))

Disp

lace

men

t rat

e (c

m/y

)

Distance from the crater center (m)

Overcorrected

-0.07cm/y

-0.39cm/y

0.93 cm/y

Descending track 384D

ispla

cem

ent r

ate

(cm

/y)


Disp

lace

men

t rat

e (c

m/y

)


PopocatepetlPopocatepetl –– No No significant deformation significant deformation

19.2

18.9

19

19.1

-98.8 -98.7 -98.6 -98.5

-8 7.9

-98.8 -98.7 -98.6 -98.5

-10.4 11.2


Descending track 255 Ascending track 148

-98.8 -98.7 -98.6 -98.5


1 cm/y

0.47 cm/y

Time (since 1st Jan. 2003)

Disp

lace

men

t in

L OS

(cm

)

-10.4 11.2

Small Small and localised displacementand localised displacement on on the the SW SW flank flank ? ?

2 cm of displacement measured by EDMin 1999.

PPX - PPX5

0.0000

0.0500

0.1000

0.1500

0.2000

0.2500

27/11/95

6/03/96

14/06/96

22/09/96

31/12/96

10/04/97

19/07/97

27/10/97

4/02/98

15/05/98

23/08/98

1/12/98

11/03/99

19/06/99

27/09/99

5/01/00

14/04/00

23/07/00

31/10/00

8/02/01

19/05/01

27/08/01

fecha

2420

+

PPX - PPX6

0.5400

0.5500

0.5600

0.5700

0.5800

0.5900

0.6000

0.6100

0.6200

0.6300

27/11/95

6/03/96

14/06/96

22/09/96

31/12/96

10/04/97

19/07/97

27/10/97

4/02/98

15/05/98

23/08/98

1/12/98

11/03/99

19/06/99

27/09/99

5/01/00

14/04/00

23/07/00

31/10/00

8/02/01

19/05/01

fecha

2071

m +PPX

PPX6

PPX5Small Small and localised displacement and localised displacement

on on the the SW SW flank flank ? ?

ConclusionsConclusions

Main difficulty is to removed tropospheric artefacts.

! difficult to detect: - small and reversible displacements.- displacements of the same wavelength of the edifice.

No evidence of magma injection during period 2003-2006 for the two Mexican strato-volcanoes.

Summit deflation at Colima might be explained by the 1998 lava flow load and withdrawal of a magma reservoir at sea level before the last effusive period.

v. pinel, a. hooper, s. de la cruz - reyna, g. reyes...

Documents