V-Shaped ValleysV-Shaped Valleys

•V-shaped valleys are found in the upper course of the river with fast flowing water.•Erosion is caused by abrasion and hydraulic action in the river channel which makes a steep sided valley.

•Weathering over time weakens the sides of the valley and continued vertical erosion at the base of the valley causing movement of materials down the valley sides. This creates the distinctive V shape.

•The material is then transported away by the river when there is enough energy.

Grand Canyon , an example of a V shaped valley

Interlocking spursInterlocking spurs•Interlocking spurs occur when the river flows through a V shaped valley and is forced from side to side around more resistant rocks and outcrops these are called spurs.

•As there is little energy for lateral erosion the river continues to cut down vertically flowing between spurs of higher land. This creating interlocking spurs.