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TEXT & PHOTOGRAPHY / Fong Hong Jian

在冷得結霜的冬天，螞蟻拖出夏天

儲存起來的玉米來晾乾。一隻餓

得快要死蟋蟀，懇求螞蟻給他一些食物

讓他保住性命。螞蟻問蟋蟀：「那你整

個夏天在幹什麼？」蟋蟀回答道：「我

並不閑著，我整個夏天都在歌唱。」螞

蟻笑著關閉了穀倉，說：「你整個夏天

在歌唱，那也可能整個冬天都跳舞。」

──伊索寓言伊索寓言教訓我們，像蟋蟀只顧行

樂的行為要不得，螞蟻積穀防飢的憂患

意識才值得學習；然而螞蟻其實不會唱

歌，想歌唱也無能為力，只好整天忙碌

地走來走去找食物罷。的確，蟋蟀真的

很愛歌唱；在香港，不止夏天，由三月

春天淫雨霖霖至十月秋風颯颯，也能聽

到蟋蜢這一類昆蟲在歌唱──怪不得沒

有時間找食物。

The Chirpy BandLive Show

明月皎．促織鳴

In a frosty cold winter, an ant dried grains which it had stored in summer.

A perished cricket asked the ant for some. The ant said, “What did you do the whole summer?” And the cricket replied “I was busy singing all summer long.” The ant closed the granary and smirked, “As you sang all summer, you shall dance the winter away.”

~ Aesop’s FableThe Aesop’s Fable disapprove of

the cricket’s pastime and credit the ant’s preparation for the days of necessity. Ants, who do not sing and can not sing, busy themselves foraging for food. Truly, crickets love singing. In Hong Kong, insects such as crickets sing all summer long, even through the rainy spring and windy October. No wonder they are left with no time for foraging.

短小精巧的身型，很可愛的小蚱蜢，對嗎？可惜仍查找不到其分類

資料。其實香港直翅目的資料不多，但直翅目的品種卻十分豐富。

希望有一天我們能對這些到處可見的朋友熟悉一點吧。

I have little information on this cute little grasshopper. Hong Kong has a large amount of Orthoptera species but little information on them. Hope someday we can be more acquainted to them.

蟋蟀科 (Teleogryllus sp., Gryllidae)

蟋蟀多為穴居或生活在泥中，愛在地下築巢。

體褐色，複眼細小，頭圓型，有一對細長的觸

鬚。雄性有尾鬚而雌蟲有長而直的。

Crickets live in holes or mud and build their nets underground. Their body is brown, compound eyes are small, head is round and tentacles are long and fine. Males have circus while females have elongated ovipositor.

HK DISCOVERY Vol.34 106

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明月皎．促織鳴

Grasshoppers’ and crickets’ songs are romantic while Katydids are also good music makers. A species of North America genus seems to be singing “Katy did, Katy didn’t” thus giving katydids their name. Male katydids have sound-producing organs on their front legs like bowstrings on violins. They play music under the balcony where the beauty hides behind the window. On mid-summer nights, a light breeze blows and moon light shines, nature’s theater stages the insect love story. Crickets rub their wings or legs over each other, producing a musical chirp.

The gentlemen of Orthoptera are Phytophagous, but they shall draw their sword and fight heroically for their territory and life mates. The song of glory is to the hero. In ancient China, from emperors to hawkers, people kept crickets as fighting pets. Some even used crickets as a gambling tool.

不止蟋蟀愛歌唱。螽斯、蝗蟲、

蚱蜢與蟋蟀，同是直翅目的成員，也

是著名的鳴蟲，更是我們較熟悉的昆

蟲──人類更為牠們改了不少名字，例

如草蜢、蟈蟈、紡織娘等。我最喜歡「

促織」這個稱謂；杜甫有《促織》一詩

云，「促織甚細微，哀音何動人」，其

鳴叫聲教人醉倒。

牠們的歌聲真的很浪漫。不止人

類懂得憑歌寄意，蟋蟀與螽斯也是箇中

能手。雄蟲總愛奏出婉轉清麗的聲調，

藉以博得雌蟲芳心。在仲夏夜晚，或秋

間乘涼時，月光皎皎下，草根林節裡，

大自然裡一幕幕愛情故事紛紛上演。蟋

蟀用一雙翅膀相互摩擦，奏出音量頻率

不同的樂曲；螽斯一邊翅膀上有特別粗

硬的翅脈如琴弦，另一邊如樂弓拉動，

像拉小提琴一般。他們隨身帶備樂器，

隨時隨地獻唱，以求得美人歸。

直翅目的成員一般都是植食性，生

性平和。不過假若兩雄相遇，如蟋蟀，

為了捍衛領域，為了爭奪愛侶，便會劍

“The poetry of earth is ceasing never: On a lone winter evening, when the frost Has wrought a silence, from the stove there shrills The Cricket’s song, in warmth increasing ever, And seems to one in drowsiness half lost, The Grasshopper’s among some grassy hills.”

Katydids, locusts, grasshoppers and crickets are members of the Orthoptera family and are renowned singers. John Keats (1798-1821) composed a poem titled “On the Grasshopper and Cricket”, and used the two insects’ complementary singing periods to illustrate the continuity of “nature’s poetry”.

黑翅細斯（螽斯科）(Conocephalus mela, Tettigoniidae)

螽斯科是直翅目裡最大的一科，最大的特徵就是那可及身長甚至更長的幼細觸

長，故被稱為長角蚱蜢。另外，其頭部較尖，複眼細小，很易辨認。

Tettigoniidae is the largest family of Orthoptera. They are also called Long-horned Grasshoppers as they have a pair of outstanding and delicate tentacles which can be up to as long as their body. Their heads are shape and compound eyes are small, and are easy to recognize.

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黑翅細斯（螽斯科）是香港常見的螽斯品種，體綠色而翅呈黑色；而牠的若蟲外型上與成蟲截然不

同：體鮮紅而腳呈黑色，十分美麗。若蟲很愛在花卉上取食，很易辨認。

Conocephalus melas (Tettigoniidae) is a commonly seen species. Their body is green while wings are black. Their larvae have red body and blacks legs which look absolutely different from adults. The beautiful larvae like to forage on flowers and are easy to recognize.

拔弩張，與對方周旋一番，勝出者便會

奏出聲線最為洪量的凱歌。這種習性惹

來人類關注，飼養蟋蟀以博鬥，在中國

古以有之。帝王將相至販夫走卒，也醉

心於這種玩意。當然，不少人用以賭

博；可憐蟋蟀變作工具來賺取錢。

蟋蟀與螽斯一直為人欣賞，然而

同目的蝗蟲卻留下了種種「污點」。在

《聖經》創世記裡，耶和華用十災懲罰

埃及法老，其中之一便是由蝗蟲引發的

蝗災。一般蝗災每平方米至少有數百隻

蝗蟲，最高甚至有四千隻以上；蝗災所

到之處，甚麼也不賸下，對農作物造成

極大傷害。然而蝗蟲不會無端成災；許

多時候，都是人類種下的禍。人類過度

開拓土地，森林被伐，水土流失，一旦

暴雨旱季出現，便形成蝗蟲良好的產卵

之地，久而久之，大量蝗蟲同時出現，

釀成災害。也許，這是不愛惜自然的後

果，蝗蟲便負責去作一點懲罰吧。

蝗蟲的形態很優美。我最喜歡他

那雙巨大的後足，差不多有身子一半粗

壯，善於跳躍（其他直翅目的成員也有

這種巨足）。的確，他們跳躍比飛行的

時間還多；每次我走近想為牠們拍下倩

影時，害羞的牠們便在我面前沖天躍起

跳到草間匿避起來。在自然界，只有蛙

的彈跳力可堪比擬。這也是蝗蟲等直翅

目成員的生存之道。加上直翅目成員的

體色大部份都是青綠與深褐，在綠意盎

然或石頭處處的大自然，只要牠們一動

不動，真的與萬化融合。

While crickets and katydids sing adorable songs, locusts are considered a plague in the Bible. In the plague of Egypt, a swarm of locusts comprised the eighth plague. In a locust plague, there are a maximum of 4,000 locusts every square meters. Locusts strip every inch of green and destroy crops. However, locusts are not the sole reason for this. Overdevelopment of land, deforestation and loss of water resources cause extreme drought and heaving rain, providing the best breeding ground for locusts. Human behaviour brings disaster on themselves. The result of not respecting nature is the punishment set by locusts.

Locusts, however, are elegant. I like his powerful hind legs which are half as strong as his body and make it a good hopper. Actually, members of Orthoptera have all inherited these huge legs and they spend more time hopping than flying. Every time I am trying to capture their elegance, these camera-shy fellows hop over the grass and retire in the greenery. In nature’s contest, the frog is the only match of the members of Orthoptera. The body colours of the members are either jade green or dark brown, which allow them to melt in perfectly with nature.

綠螽斯（露斯科）(Holochlora sp., Phaneropteridae)

許多螽斯外表都擬態成葉子般，這種綠螽斯就仿如一片綠葉。

Green katydids are well camouflaged among green leaves.

中華劍角蝗（劍角蝗科）(Acrida cinerea, Acrididae)這是另一種樣子吸引的蚱蜢，其頭部呈三角形，觸角呈劍狀，漸漸變幼。

This grasshopper has a triangular head and elongated tentacles.

我在自然裡常見到棉蝗（蝗科）少了一邊後足，相信是給天敵如雀鳥攻擊

而失去。儘管少了一隻後足，棉蝗的跳躍力仍然厲害，絕對傷而不殘。

I always find Chondracris rosea (Acrididae) with a broke leg which I believe was lost when encountering predators such as birds, though this does not harm their ability to hop.

相信自然界若少了蝗蟲螽斯蟋蟀，郊遊上山時定會感到

寂寞；那一聲聲窸窣叫聲，為野外添上不少生氣。花香鳥語

蟲鳴，都顯出造物神奇。若稍有空暇，不妨到自然裡走一趟，

聽聽一曲曲求愛之音吧。

留意這種中華稻蝗（斑腿蝗科）交尾的情況，雄雌之間的體型相差甚遠，

有點像母親背負子女一般。在自然裡，雌性的體型往往比雄性為大，因為

雌性負責生兒育女的重大責任（雄性往往很不負責的）；反而人類的「雌

性」卻總愛「纖體瘦身」，唯恐粗壯一點，真是奇怪。

This pairing Oxya chinensis (Catantopidae) shows a great different in size. In the insect world, the female who takes care of reproducing and feeding offspring is often larger in size while in the human world, the same sex does everything struggling off extra fat on their bodies. Males are less responsible in the insect world.

Without the members of Orthoptera, you will surely feel lonely while hiking. I enjoy the wild live bands by these small things and the five senses from our creator. Remember to spare a day and join the live show!

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