vaccines and global health_the week in review_1 feb 2014

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Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review1 February 2014Center for Vaccine Ethics & Policy (CVEP)

This weekly summary targets news, events, announcements, articles and research in the vaccine and global healthethics and policy space and is aggregated from key governmental, NGO, international organization and industrysources, key peer-reviewed journals, and other media channels. This summary proceeds from the broad base ofthemes and issues monitored by the Center for Vaccine Ethics & Policy in its work: it is not intended to be exhaustivein its coverage. Vaccines: The Week in Review is also posted in pdf form and as a set of blog posts athttp://centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.wordpress.com/.This blog allows full-text searching of over 3,500 entries.

Comments and suggestions should be directed to

David R. Curry, MSEditor andExecutive DirectorCenter for Vaccine Ethics & [email protected]

The LancetEarly Online Publication, 31 January 2014doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60132-XPolio in Syria

R Bruce Aylwarda,Ala Alwanbhttp://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltextIn war, truth isthe first casualty.

Aeschylus (525 BC 456 BC)Jan 31, 2014, marks the mid-point in the initial phase of the international emergency

response1to the ongoing Middle East polio outbreak, one of the most challenging and visibleoutbreaks the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has tackled since its launch 25 years ago.

The challenges have not been due to the scale or speed of this polio outbreak (figure). Todate, 23 laboratory-confirmed cases of polio have been reported by the Government of Syria.2Even accounting for missed cases, and the additional 13 cases confirmed from opposition-controlled areas but not yet reflected in figures from the Government of Syria, this outbreak issmaller than the explosive outbreaks of polio that left hundreds of people paralysed in countriessuch as Somalia, the Republic of the Congo, and Tajikistan in recent years.3Nonetheless,within 24 hours of the region's Ministers of Health declaring the outbreak an emergency for allMember States,4the outlines of a massive multi-country emergency response were agreed;the Government of Syria approved fast-track registration of bivalent oral polio vaccine for theresponse and to facilitate its delivery across lines of control to all opposition-held areas. Allparties in the crisis rapidly committed to ensure that all children were vaccinated.

FigureFull-size image(65K) Download to PowerPoint
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Fully implementing this response plan, however, has required overcoming immense hurdles toreach every child amid the wreckage of Syria's public infrastructure and health system, theactive conflict and insecurity, the dearth of trust, and one of the largest refugee crises sinceWorld War 2. These challenges have been compounded by erroneous allegations thatratherthan doing everything possible to protect all Syrian children and the huge internationalinvestment in global polio eradicationUN agencies, and WHO in particular, had blocked avaccination campaign,5were obstructing the testing of polio samples,6and by extensiondisregarding fundamental humanitarian principles.

Every day, thousands of local and international public health workers, community members,and volunteers on all sides of this conflict risk their lives to deliver basic services, including andespecially immunisation, to all Syrians. It is essential that the complexities of the environment inwhich they are working are properly understood and that where information is incomplete, or isnot shared for security reasons, it is not replaced with speculation or accusation.

The context of this outbreak is important. With the exception of Egypt, which had its last caseof indigenous polio in 2005, most of the Middle East has been free of the disease since the1990s as the result of a concerted, regionally coordinated effort.7Protecting this achievementfrom importations of wild poliovirus from Pakistan, Nigeria, and, until recently, India has been a

priority. Recognising the increasing risk of polio (and other vaccine-preventable diseases) as theSyrian crisis intensified, WHO, UNICEF, and partners helped organise and support at least fiveimmunisation campaigns within Syria between March, 2011, and the end of 2012. In thesurrounding countries, mass campaigns with oral polio vaccine (OPV) were undertaken in areasof low routine immunisation coverage, while refugees who arrived at registration points orcamps were to be systematically vaccinated by host governments or the United Nations HighCommissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).8

In December, 2012, poliovirus of Pakistan origin was first detected in Cairo's sewage. A massimmunisation response was implemented immediately and the entire region was put on alert.9Recognising the particular vulnerability of Syrian children, surveillance was heightened acrossthat country, including through WHO's Early Warning, Alert and Response Network that nowcomprises more than 450 reporting sites, many of which are in opposition-controlled areas. Atthe same time, 1.5 million children were vaccinated against polio (and 1.3 million againstmeasles) in all of Syria's 14 governorates, including, by January, 2013, Deir al-Zour whereactivities were delayed by 1 month due to insecurity. Despite these efforts, the risk escalated asthis wild poliovirus type 1 was found in Israeli sewage from February, 2013, and then in theoccupied Palestinian territory in mid-2013.10It was while additional, region-wide masscampaigns were being planned for November to December, 2013, that the first polio-paralysedchildren were reported in Syria.

Information from opposition-controlled areas rapidly led to WHO's first international alert onthe polio outbreak within Syria on Oct 19, 2013.11Within 5 days a nationwide vaccinationcampaign was launched, this time reaching a reported 2 million Syrian children, including600,000 from Raqua, Rural Damascus, and Deir al-Zour. Nonetheless, many communities,

particularly in opposition-controlled and besieged areas, were unable to access vaccine. WHOconsolidated information on the major coverage gaps, especially across northern Syria, and hadfrank discussions with the Government of Syria, partners, and surrounding countries onadditional approaches to address these gaps in each subsequent campaign. Preliminary resultsfrom the most recent campaign in Syria suggest that nearly 3 million children were vaccinated,with OPV reaching most if not all districts, more than at any time in the past 2 years.12Preliminary results, consistent from multiple sources, suggest that vaccine coverage was greaterthan 85% in all but three of Syria's governorates, and that coverage was greater than 75% in
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two of those three. Substantial numbers of children are still unreached, however, including inbesieged communities, and further efforts are required to ensure that all parties have thevaccine they need to immunise all Syrian children.

Collecting, reconciling, and disseminating comprehensive surveillance information has been asdifficult as assessing vaccine availability and coverage. All humanitarian organisations andhealth authorities have been encouraged to ensure that any case of polio is immediatelyreported, properly investigated, and rapidly acted upon, irrespective of where it is detected.Substantial negotiations have been required on everything, from ensuring a common caseinvestigation form to agreeing on laboratories from which results will be accepted and recordedby the Government of Syria in its national figures. WHO considers all results from all WHO-accredited laboratories in assessing the international risk posed by this outbreak and additionalresponse requirements; WHO has neither the motive nor the means to block the testing of anyspecimens in any laboratory.As with all of its humanitarian work, WHO is impartial in aiding communities on all sides of

this crisis, despite the restraints placed on all humanitarian actors whether they operate fromwithin Syria or from neighbouring countries. In Syria, we work with local health workers andauthorities, local and international non-governmental organisations (NGOs), UN agencies, civil

society groups, the Syrian Arab Red Crescent, and other humanitarian partners to reach allSyrians, throughout the country, with health interventions and services.13Over the past 12months, and under extremely difficult conditions, WHO has, for example, also distributedmedicines and supplies to meet the needs of 4.6 million people, trained more than 2,500 healthworkers, and supported health services delivery through 36 local NGOs, in both governmentand opposition-controlled areas.14

The prospects for interrupting this polio outbreak in Syria and the Middle East are promising.As a result of high vaccination coverage rates historically, overall susceptibility to polio in Syriais relatively low and concentrated among children younger than 2 years. Syrians remain deeplyconcerned for the welfare of their children and demand for vaccination remains high; no partyto the conflict has voiced opposition to the ongoing OPV campaigns. Furthermore, winter hasarrived in Syria, bringing with it the low season for poliovirus transmission when the impact ofmass vaccination with OPV is usually highest.

Halfway through the Syrian polio outbreak response, many critical programme indicators areimproving, particularly in terms of access to vaccine, coverage, and surveillance performance.

Addressing the remaining gaps in programme implementation in Syria is a deadly serious issue;compounding this challenge with inaccurate information unnecessarily complicates an alreadyvery difficult and dangerous operating environment.RBA is WHO's Assistant Director-General for Polio and Emergencies. AA is Regional Director ofWHO's Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean.References1WHO, UNICEF. Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Strategic plan for polio outbreak response inthe Middle East November, 2013. The Syrian Arab Republic, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey,

West Bank and Gaza Strip. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013.http://polioeradication.org/Portals/0/Document/InfectedCountries/MiddleEast/ME_StrategicPlan.pdf.(accessed Jan 29, 2014).2Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Polio this week.http://polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek.aspx.(accessed Jan 30, 2014).3WHO. Wild poliovirus 20092014.http://www.polioeradication.org/Portals/0/Document/Data&Monitoring/Wild_poliovirus_list_2008_2014_21Jan.pdf.(accessed Jan 30, 2014).
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4WHO. Escalating poliomyelitis emergency in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. DocumentEM/RC60/R.3. 60th Session of the Regional Committee for the Eastern Mediterranean, October,2013. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013.5Reuter C. An apolitical virus: strife fuels polio's return to Middle East. Der Spiegel Nov 21,2013.6Coutts AP, Fouad MF. Syria's raging health crisis. The New York Times Jan 1, 2014.7Aylward RB. An ancient scourge triggers a modern emergency. East Mediterr Health J 2013;19: 903-904.PubMed8UNHCR. Inter-agency regional response for Syrian refugees. Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon,Turkey.http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Inter-

Agency%20Regional%20Response%20-%20Syrian%20Refugees%2020130418.pdf.(accessedJan 29, 2014).9WHO. Global alert and response. Poliovirus detected from environmental samples in Egypt.Disease Outbreak News, Feb 11, 2013. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013.http://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_02_11/en/index.html.(accessed Jan 29, 2014).10WHO. Global alert and response. Poliovirus detected from environmental samples in Israeland West Bank and Gaza Strip. Disease Outbreak News, Sept 20, 2013. Geneva: World Health

Organization, 2013.http://who.int/csr/don/2013_09_20_polio/en/index.html.(accessed Jan 30,2014).11WHO. Global alert and response. Report of suspected polio cases in the Syrian ArabRepublic. Disease Outbreak News, Oct 19, 2013. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013.http://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_10_19_polio/en/index.html.(accessed Jan 29, 2014).12Polio Control Task Force Syria. End polio in Syria. House-to-house polio vaccinationcampaign, first round final report. Jan 28, 2014. Polio Control Task Force Syria, 2014.13United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Syrian Arab RepublicHumanitarian Assistance Response Plan (SHARP).https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/CAP/2014_Syria_SHARP.pdf.(accessed Jan 30, 2014).14WHO. WHO Response to the Syria crisis in the country 2013.http://www.who.int/hac/donorinfo/who_donor_snapshot_2013_a.pdf.(accessed Jan 30, 2014).aWorld Health Organization, CH-1211 Geneva 27, SwitzerlandbWorld Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Nasr City, Cairo,Egypt

Update: Polio this week -As of 29 January 2014Global Polio Eradication InitiativeFull report:http://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek.aspx[Editors extract and bolded text]:: In the Syrian Arab Republic, seven new cases of wild poliovirus type 1 were reported in thepast week. The reporting of new cases is a sign that surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis is

improving in the country, as expected in an outbreak. The response continues country-wide andacross the entire Middle East region, to reach more than 22 million children under the age offive years with oral polio vaccine (OPV).Afghanistan:: Two new wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) cases were reported in the past week, bringing thetotal WPV1 cases for 2013 to 14, and one case reported in 2014 to date, with onset of paralysison 14 January. The first 2014 case was reported from Alingar, Laghman province, EasternRegion.Pakistan
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib4http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib4http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib5http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib5http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib6http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib6http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib7http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib7http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&term=East%20Mediterr%20Health%20J%5bJour%5d+AND+19%5bVolume%5d+AND+903%5bpage%5dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&term=East%20Mediterr%20Health%20J%5bJour%5d+AND+19%5bVolume%5d+AND+903%5bpage%5dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&term=East%20Mediterr%20Health%20J%5bJour%5d+AND+19%5bVolume%5d+AND+903%5bpage%5dhttp://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib8http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib8http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Inter-Agency%20Regional%20Response%20-%20Syrian%20Refugees%2020130418.pdfhttp://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Inter-Agency%20Regional%20Response%20-%20Syrian%20Refugees%2020130418.pdfhttp://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Inter-Agency%20Regional%20Response%20-%20Syrian%20Refugees%2020130418.pdfhttp://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Inter-Agency%20Regional%20Response%20-%20Syrian%20Refugees%2020130418.pdfhttp://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib9http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib9http://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_02_11/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_02_11/en/index.htmlhttp://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib10http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib10http://who.int/csr/don/2013_09_20_polio/en/index.htmlhttp://who.int/csr/don/2013_09_20_polio/en/index.htmlhttp://who.int/csr/don/2013_09_20_polio/en/index.htmlhttp://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib11http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib11http://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_10_19_polio/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_10_19_polio/en/index.htmlhttp://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib12http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib12http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib13http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib13https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/CAP/2014_Syria_SHARP.pdfhttps://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/CAP/2014_Syria_SHARP.pdfhttp://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib14http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib14http://www.who.int/hac/donorinfo/who_donor_snapshot_2013_a.pdfhttp://www.who.int/hac/donorinfo/who_donor_snapshot_2013_a.pdfhttp://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-aff1http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-aff1http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-aff2http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-aff2http://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek.aspxhttp://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek.aspxhttp://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek.aspxhttp://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek.aspxhttp://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-aff2http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960132-X/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-aff1http://www.who.int/hac/donorinfo/who_donor_snapsh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:: Two new WPV1 cases were reported in the past week, one from Peshawar, KhyberPakhtunkhwa with onset of paralysis on 31 December 2013 and one from North Waziristan,FATA with onset of paralysis on 4 January 2014. The total number of WPV1 cases for Pakistanin 2013 is now 92. The total number for WPV1 cases for Pakistan in 2014 is now 5. The mostrecent WPV1 case had onset of paralysis on 5 January (from North Waziristan, FATA).:: Two new cVDPV2 cases were reported in the past week, both from North Waziristan. Thetotal number of cVDPV2 cases is now 45 for 2013 and one for 2014. The most recent cVDPV2case had onset of paralysis on 3 January (from North Waziristan).Horn of Africa:: In Somalia, one new WPV1 cases were reported in the past week. Onset of paralysis was inJune 2013. This case was reported late due to a laboratory processing backlog.Middle East:: In Syria, seven new WPV1 cases were reported in the past week. The total number of WPV1cases is now 23. The cases were reported from Aleppo, Deir-Al-Zour, Edleb and Hasakehgovernorates, all with onset of paralysis in November and December 2013. The most recentcase had onset of paralysis on 17 December and was reported from Mara, Edleb governorate.Before the outbreak wild poliovirus was last reported in Syria in 1999.

:: In the Middle East, a comprehensive outbreak response continues to be implemented acrossthe region. A third large-scale supplementary immunization activity commenced on 5 January.Initial reporting indicates that over 2 million children were reached during this third SIA.WHO and UNICEF are committed to working with all organizations and agencies providinghumanitarian assistance to Syrians affected by the conflict. This includes vaccinating all Syrianchildren no matter where they are, whether in government or contested areas, or outside Syria.:: TheWHO/UNICEF Strategic Plan for Polio Outbreak Response in the Middle East outlines theaction plan for Syria and neighbouring countries in response to the circulation of wild poliovirusfollowing importation. The objective is to stop the outbreak in Syria by the end of March 2014and prevent any further international spread.

GAVI Watch[to 1 February 2014]:: Bangladesh launches countrys largest measles-rubella campaign to datetargeting 52 million children. GAVI saidBangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina launchedthe campaign during a ceremony in Dhaka. GAVI is supporting the three-week campaign. DrSeth Berkley, GAVI Alliance CEO, said,This is the largest ever measles-rubella campaignlaunched to date with support from the GAVI Alliance. Investing in rubella will provide a much-needed boost to improving womens and childrens health, and will help accelerate globalprogress in controlling two life-threatening diseases. GAVI plans to support 49 countries tointroduce the combined measles-rubella vaccine immunizing close to 700 million boys and girlsby 2020.This campaign is expected to reach more than 170,000 schools and 150,000 immunisation

centers with a special attention to be given to children without homes and others who aredifficult-to-reach.http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/gavi-features/2014/bangladesh-prime-minister-launches-countrys-largest-ever-measles-rubella-campaign/ :: India commits US$4 million to GAVI Alliance vaccine programmesGAVI said the contribution, which will be spread over four years as part of the Government ofIndias 12th Five Year Plan, marks a milestone in the relationship between India and the GAVI

Alliance. India has receivedsupport for its immunisation programme from GAVI since 2002. The
http://www.polioeradication.org/Portals/0/Document/InfectedCountries/MiddleEast/ME_StrategicPlan.pdfhttp://www.polioeradication.org/Portals/0/Document/InfectedCountries/MiddleEast/ME_StrategicPlan.pdfhttp://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/gavi-features/2014/bangladesh-prime-minister-launches-countrys-largest-ever-measles-rubella-campaign/http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/gavi-features/2014/bangladesh-prime-minister-launches-countrys-largest-ever-measles-rubella-campaign/http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/gavi-features/2014/bangladesh-prime-minister-launches-countrys-largest-ever-measles-rubella-campaign/http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/gavi-features/2014/bangladesh-prime-minister-launches-countrys-largest-ever-measles-rubella-campaign/http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/gavi-features/2014/bangladesh-prime-minister-launches-countrys-largest-ever-measles-rubella-campaign/http://www.polioeradication.org/Portals/0/Document/InfectedCountries/MiddleEast/ME_StrategicPlan.pdf


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announcement comes at a critical time as the GAVI Alliance is stepping up its efforts to savechildrens lives and protect peoples health by increasing access to immunisation in the worldspoorest countries.http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/statements/2014/india-commits-us$-4-million-to-gavi-alliance-vaccine-programmes/ :: New GAVI Advisory Council in India FormedProminent Indian experts to support the GAVI Alliance in reducing child mortality throughimmunisation

The new councilwill provide strategic advice and thought leadership to GAVI for itscommitment to Indiaand involvenine prominent Indians(who) have agreed to support thegoal of increasing access to immunisation and reducing child mortality across the country.They will work with the GAVI Alliance, a public private partnership made up of membersincluding the World Health Organization, UNICEF, the World Bank and the Bill & Melinda GatesFoundation, as members of the GAVI Advisory Council in India. The inaugural members of theCouncil are:- Baijayant Jay Panda, Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha- Nand Kishore Singh, Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha- Harshavardhan Neotia, Chairman, Ambuja Neotia Group- Dr. Vishwajeet Kumar, CEO, Community Empowerment Lab- Shabana Azmi, actor, social activist- Bachi Karkaria, journalist- Yuvraj Singh, cricketer, child health and cancer activist- Sangitha Reddy, Executive Director, Apollo Hospitals Group- Dr C P Bansal, President, South Asia Paediatric AssociationDr Seth Berkley, CEO of the GAVI Alliance, saidGAVI needs Indias partnership and support towork with India to reduce child mortality. These eminent personalities from different fields, willreinforce our efforts in the policy discourses on child health and advise the GAVI secretariat andpartners on the challenges of immunisation and the introduction of new vaccines in India. I amdelighted to be launching this council, and I sincerely welcome and am grateful for theacceptance of its inaugural members.http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/press-releases/2014/prominent-indian-experts-to-support-the-gavi-alliance-in-reducing-child-mortality-through-immunisation/

PATHs board of directors elected four new board members, described asinternational business executives who come from a variety of private-sector backgrounds. Dr.George Gotsadze, chair of PATHs board of directors, commented,As PATH sharpens our focuson improving the health and saving the lives of women and children in the worlds poorestplaces, we welcome the addition of these four outstanding new board members. Their globalexperience and expertise in strategic business management, global health, and public-private

partnership will strengthen PATHs ability to take innovation to scale and increase our impactaround the world.The new members include Kofi Amegashie, MSc; David King, JD; Dr. FelixOlale, MD, PhD; and Raj Vattikuti, MS. Bios on these new members are available in the fullannouncement here:http://www.path.org/news/press-room/667/

WHO: Humanitarian Health ActionSouth Sudan humanitarian medical assistance
http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/statements/2014/india-commits-us$-4-million-to-gavi-alliance-vaccine-programmes/http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/statements/2014/india-commits-us$-4-million-to-gavi-alliance-vaccine-programmes/http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/statements/2014/india-commits-us$-4-million-to-gavi-alliance-vaccine-programmes/http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/press-releases/2014/prominent-indian-experts-to-support-the-gavi-alliance-in-reducing-child-mortality-through-immunisation/http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/press-releases/2014/prominent-indian-experts-to-support-the-gavi-alliance-in-reducing-child-mortality-through-immunisation/http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/press-releases/2014/prominent-indian-experts-to-support-the-gavi-alliance-in-reducing-child-mortality-through-immunisation/http://www.path.org/news/press-room/667/http://www.path.org/news/press-room/667/http://www.path.org/news/press-room/667/http://www.path.org/news/press-room/667/http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/press-releases/2014/prominent-indian-experts-to-support-the-gavi-alliance-in-reducing-child-mortality-through-immunisation/http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/press-releases/2014/prominent-indian-experts-to-support-the-gavi-alliance-in-reducing-child-mortality-through-immunisation/http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/statements/2014/india-commits-us$-4-million-to-gavi-alliance-vaccine-programmes/http://www.gavialliance.org/library/news/statements/2014/india-commits-us$-4-million-to-gavi-alliance-vaccine-programmes/


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http://www.who.int/hac/en/index.html28 January 2014 -- New figures indicate that 646 000 people have been internally displaced(IDPs) and another 123,400 people have fled to neighbouring countries. WHO supportedvaccination of over 20,000 children in the IDP camps of Bor, Juba and Nimule. WHO continuedto support health cluster partners with life-saving drugs and medical supplies to extendemergency health services to the affected population.Read the Health Cluster Response Plan - January 2014pdf, 964kb

WHO: Global Alert and Response (GAR)Disease Outbreak Newshttp://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_03_12/en/index.html:: Human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virusupdate31 January 2014:: Human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virusupdate30 January 2014:: Human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virusupdate29 January 2014:: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)update27 January 2014

UNICEF Watchhttp://www.unicef.org/media/media_67204.htmlNo new relevant content

CDC/MMWR Watch [to 1 February 2014]http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwr_wk.htmlMMWR January 31, 2014 / Vol. 63 / No. 4::CDC Grand Rounds: Reducing the Burden of HPV-Associated Cancer and Disease::Rapidly Building Global Health Security CapacityUganda Demonstration Project, 2013::Strengthening Global Health Security CapacityVietnam Demonstration Project, 2013::Notes from the Field: Rotavirus Vaccine Administration ErrorsUnited States, 20062013

European Medicines Agency Watch[to 1 February 2014]http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/No new relevant content

UN Watch[to 1 February 2014]Selected meetings, press releases, and press conferences relevant to immunization, vaccines,infectious diseases, global health, etc.http://www.un.org/en/unpress/

No new relevant content

World Bank/IMF Watch[to 1 February 2014]Selected media releases and other selected content relevant to immunization, vaccines,infectious diseases, global health, etc.http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/allNo new relevant content.
http://www.who.int/hac/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/hac/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/hac/crises/ssd/sitreps/south_sudan_health_cluster_response_plan_january2014.pdf?ua=1http://www.who.int/entity/hac/crises/ssd/sitreps/south_sudan_health_cluster_response_plan_january2014.pdf?ua=1http://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_03_12/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_01_31/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_01_31/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_01_31/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_01_30/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_01_30/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_01_30/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_01_29/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_01_29/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_01_29/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_01_27mers/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_01_27mers/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_01_27mers/en/index.htmlhttp://www.unicef.org/media/media_67204.htmlhttp://www.unicef.org/media/media_67204.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwr_wk.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwr_wk.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a1.htm?s_cid=mm6304a1_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a1.htm?s_cid=mm6304a1_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a1.htm?s_cid=mm6304a1_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a2.htm?s_cid=mm6304a2_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a2.htm?s_cid=mm6304a2_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a2.htm?s_cid=mm6304a2_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a2.htm?s_cid=mm6304a2_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a2.htm?s_cid=mm6304a2_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a3.htm?s_cid=mm6304a3_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a3.htm?s_cid=mm6304a3_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a3.htm?s_cid=mm6304a3_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a3.htm?s_cid=mm6304a3_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a3.htm?s_cid=mm6304a3_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a4.htm?s_cid=mm6304a4_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a4.htm?s_cid=mm6304a4_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a4.htm?s_cid=mm6304a4_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a4.htm?s_cid=mm6304a4_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a4.htm?s_cid=mm6304a4_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a4.htm?s_cid=mm6304a4_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a4.htm?s_cid=mm6304a4_whttp://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/http://www.un.org/en/unpress/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/allhttp://www.worldbank.org/en/news/allhttp://www.worldbank.org/en/news/allhttp://www.worldbank.org/en/news/allhttp://www.un.org/en/unpress/http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a4.htm?s_cid=mm6304a4_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a3.htm?s_cid=mm6304a3_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a2.htm?s_cid=mm6304a2_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6304a1.htm?s_cid=mm6304a1_whttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwr_wk.htmlhttp://www.unicef.org/media/media_67204.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_01_27mers/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_01_29/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_01_30/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/csr/don/2014_01_31/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_03_12/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/hac/crises/ssd/sitreps/south_sudan_health_cluster_response_plan_january2014.pdf?ua=1http://www.who.int/entity/hac/crises/ssd/sitreps/south_sudan_health_cluster_response_plan_january2014.pdf?ua=1http://www.who.int/hac/en/index.html


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Reports/Research/Analysis/Commentary/Conferences/Meetings/BookWatchVaccines and Global Health: The Week in Reviewhas expanded its coverage of new reports,

books, research and analysis published independent of the journal channel covered in JournalWatch below. Our interests span immunization and vaccines, as well as global public health,health governance, and associated themes. If you would like to suggest content to be includedin this service, please contact David Curry at:[email protected]

Research Report : Assessing the Value of Biopharmaceutical Innovation in KeyTherapy Areas in Middle Income CountriesIndependent study conducted by Charles River Associates (CRA) commissionedinIFPMA.January 2014,

The study demonstratesthat there is clear evidence that innovative medicines havedelivered significant value by reducing healthcare costs and benefitting both patients and wider

society. However, there remains enormous untapped potential of adopting innovative medicinesmore widely in middle-income countries (MICs). This can be achieved by national prioritization,investments in healthcare infrastructure and building better epidemiological and cost databasesfor effective evaluation of therapies.The study examined the value of innovation in five keytherapy areas: coronary heart disease (CHD), depression, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and rotavirusinfection.

In the case of rotavirus, the most common cause of severe diarrhoea among children in bothindustrialized and developing countries, Tim Wilsdon, CRA Vice President, said,We comparedthe value that two recently-launched vaccines yielded in Brazil and Australia. The major benefitseen in both countries was a direct drop in hospitalization costs, but in Brazil we also witnesseda major decline in related mortality rates. So obviously both benefitted from these innovations,

but given the nature of the disease burden the added value was greater for Brazil.Commenting on the study findings, Eduardo Pisani, IFPMA Director General, added that Wenow have evidence that in MICs innovative therapies have the potential to create significantvalue that goes far beyond pricing and reimbursement. Both the social and economic benefitsshould be taken into account in any calculation of value.[Full report]and [CRAkey findings]http://www.ifpma.org/news/news-releases/news-details/article/new-study-captures-the-value-of-new-medicines-in-m.html

WHO: Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on immunization: Request fornominations

22 January 2014http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/sage_requests_nominations_intro/en/index.html

WHO is soliciting proposals for nominations for current vacancies on its Strategic AdvisoryGroup of Experts (SAGE) on immunization. Nominations should be submitted no later than 7May 2014. In view of the current SAGE membership, nominations are solicited for experts fromthe African, American, Eastern Mediterranean, South East Asian, and Western Pacific regions.Nominations will then be carefully reviewed by the SAGE membership selection panel, which willpropose the selection of nominees to the WHO Director-General for appointment.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/Publication/2014/value_of_innovation.pdfhttp://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/Publication/2014/value_of_innovation.pdfhttp://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/Publication/2014/value_of_innovation.pdfhttp://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/Publication/2014/CRA_-_2013_key_findings_web.pdfhttp://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/Publication/2014/CRA_-_2013_key_findings_web.pdfhttp://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/Publication/2014/CRA_-_2013_key_findings_web.pdfhttp://www.ifpma.org/news/news-releases/news-details/article/new-study-captures-the-value-of-new-medicines-in-m.htmlhttp://www.ifpma.org/news/news-releases/news-details/article/new-study-captures-the-value-of-new-medicines-in-m.htmlhttp://www.ifpma.org/news/news-releases/news-details/article/new-study-captures-the-value-of-new-medicines-in-m.htmlhttp://www.who.int/immunization/sage/sage_requests_nominations_intro/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/immunization/sage/sage_requests_nominations_intro/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/immunization/sage/sage_requests_nominations_intro/en/index.htmlhttp://www.ifpma.org/news/news-releases/news-details/article/new-study-captures-the-value-of-new-medicines-in-m.htmlhttp://www.ifpma.org/news/news-releases/news-details/article/new-study-captures-the-value-of-new-medicines-in-m.htmlhttp://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/Publication/2014/CRA_-_2013_key_findings_web.pdfhttp://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/Publication/2014/value_of_innovation.pdfmailto:[email protected]


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SAGE is the principal advisory group to WHO for vaccines and immunization. SAGE reportsdirectly to the Director-General and advises WHO on overall global policies and strategies,ranging from vaccine and technology research and development, to delivery of immunizationand its linkages with other health interventions. Its remit is not restricted to childhoodimmunization but extends to all vaccine-preventable diseases as well as to all age groups.Please see this link for further information:http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/en/

Journal WatchVaccines and Global Health: The Week in Reviewcontinues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews andother content supporting our focus on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watchis notintended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is activelytracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that arespecifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may requiresubscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.

If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact DavidCurry at:[email protected]

The American Journal of BioethicsVolume 14,Issue 1, 2014http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/uajb20/current#.Uhk8Az_hflYSpecial Issue Focus: The SUPPORT Controversy and the Debate Over ResearchWithin the Standard of Care[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

American Journal of Infection ControlVol 42 | No. 2 | February 2014 | Pages 93-214http://www.ajicjournal.org/current[No relevant content]

American Journal of Preventive MedicineVol 46 | No. 2 | February 2014 | Pages 103-218http://www.ajpmonline.org/current[Reviewed earlier]

American Journal of Public HealthVolume 104, Issue S1 (February 2014)http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current[Reviewed earlier]

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
http://www.who.int/entity/immunization/sage/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/immunization/sage/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/entity/immunization/sage/en/index.htmlmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uajb20?open=14#vol_14http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uajb20?open=14#vol_14http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/uajb20/current#.Uhk8Az_hflYhttp://www.tandfonline.com/toc/uajb20/current#.Uhk8Az_hflYhttp://www.ajicjournal.org/currenthttp://www.ajicjournal.org/currenthttp://www.ajpmonline.org/currenthttp://www.ajpmonline.org/currenthttp://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/currenthttp://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/currenthttp://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/currenthttp://www.ajpmonline.org/currenthttp://www.ajicjournal.org/currenthttp://www.tandfonline.com/toc/uajb20/current#.Uhk8Az_hflYhttp://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uajb20?open=14#vol_14mailto:[email protected]://www.who.int/entity/immunization/sage/en/index.html


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January 2014; 90(1)http://www.ajtmh.org/content/current[Reviewed earlier]

Annals of Internal Medicine21 January 2014, Vol. 160. No. 2http://annals.org/issue.aspx[Reviewed earlier]

BMC Public Health(Accessed 1 February 2014)http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpublichealth/contentResearch articleTimeliness of childhood vaccine uptake among children attending a tertiary healthservice facility-based immunisation clinic in Ghana

Dennis Odai Laryea, Emmanuel Abbeyquaye Parbie, Ebenezer Frimpong BMC Public Health2014, 14:90 (29 January 2014)

Abstract|BackgroundChildhood immunisation is a cost-effective activity in health. Immunisation of children hascontributed to reducing child morbidity and mortality. In the last two decades, global deathsfrom vaccine-preventable illnesses have decreased significantly as a result of immunisation.Similar trends have been observed in Ghana following the introduction of the ExpandedProgramme on Immunisation. The administration of vaccines is based on the period of highestsusceptibility among others. Ghana has long used the proportion of children receiving vaccinesand the trends in vaccine preventable illness incidence as performance indicators forimmunisation. The addition of timeliness of vaccine uptake as an additional performanceindicator has been recommended. This study evaluated the timeliness of vaccine uptake amongchildren immunised at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.MethodsThe study was conducted at the Maternal and Child Health clinic of the hospital betweenFebruary and March 2012. A representative sample of 259 respondents was selected by simplerandom sampling. Data collection was by a structured questionnaire and included theexamination of Child Health records booklet. Data was entered into a Microsoft Office Accessdatabase and analysed using Epi Info Version 3.5.1 2008.ResultsThe majority of mothers attended antenatal clinics during pregnancy. An overwhelming majorityof babies (98.8%) were delivered in a hospital. About 85% of babies were less than 12 months

of age. Mean time taken to reach the clinic was 30 minutes. Vaccine uptake was generallytimely for initial vaccines. The proportion of children receiving the vaccines later increased withlatter vaccines. Overall, 87.3% of babies received vaccines on time with only 5.3% receivingvaccines beyond 28 days of the scheduled date. Children receiving immunisations services inthe same facility as they were born were more likely to receive the BCG vaccine on time.Conclusions

Vaccine uptake is mostly timely among respondents in the study. The BCG vaccine in particularwas received on time among children born in the same facility as the immunisation clinic. There
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/currenthttp://www.ajtmh.org/content/currenthttp://annals.org/issue.aspxhttp://annals.org/issue.aspxhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpublichealth/contenthttp://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpublichealth/contenthttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/90http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/90http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/90http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/90/abstracthttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/90/abstracthttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/90/abstracthttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/90http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/90http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpublichealth/contenthttp://annals.org/issue.aspxhttp://www.ajtmh.org/content/current


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is the need to further examine the timeliness of vaccine uptake among children deliveredoutside health facilities in Ghana.

British Medical BulletinVolume 108 Issue 1 December 2013http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/current[Reviewed earlier]

British Medical Journal01 February 2014 (Vol 348, Issue 7943)http://www.bmj.com/content/348/7943[No relevant content]

Bulletin of the World Health Organization

Volume 92, Number 1, January 2014, 1-76http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/1/en/index.html[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

Clinical TherapeuticsVol 36 | No. 1 | 01 January 2014 | Pages 1-150http://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/current[Reviewed earlier]

Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation(Accessed 1 February 2014)http://www.resource-allocation.com/[No new relevant content]

Current Opinion in Infectious DiseasesFebruary 2014 - Volume 27 - Issue 1 pp: v-vi,1-114http://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/pages/currenttoc.aspx[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

Developing World BioethicsDecember 2013 Volume 13, Issue 3 Pages iiii, 105170http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dewb.2013.13.issue-3/issuetoc[Reviewed earlier]

Development in PracticeVolume 23,Issue 8, 2013
http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.bmj.com/content/348/7943http://www.bmj.com/content/348/7943http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/1/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/1/en/index.htmlhttp://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/currenthttp://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/currenthttp://www.resource-allocation.com/http://www.resource-allocation.com/http://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/pages/currenttoc.aspxhttp://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/pages/currenttoc.aspxhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dewb.2013.13.issue-3/issuetochttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dewb.2013.13.issue-3/issuetochttp://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cdip20?open=23#vol_23http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cdip20?open=23#vol_23http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cdip20?open=23#vol_23http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dewb.2013.13.issue-3/issuetochttp://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/pages/currenttoc.aspxhttp://www.resource-allocation.com/http://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/currenthttp://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/1/en/index.htmlhttp://www.bmj.com/content/348/7943http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/current


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http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cdip20/current[No new revenant content]

Emerging Infectious DiseasesVolume 20, Number 2February 2014http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/index.htm[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

The European Journal of Public HealthVolume 24 Issue 1 February 2014http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/current[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

Eurosurveillance

Volume 19, Issue 4, 30 January 2014http://www.eurosurveillance.org/Public/Articles/Archives.aspx?PublicationId=11678[No relevant content]

Forum for Development StudiesVolume 40, Issue 3, 2013http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/sfds20/current[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

Globalization and Health[Accessed 1 February 2014]http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/[No new relevant content]

Global Health GovernanceSummer 2013http://blogs.shu.edu/ghg/category/complete-issues/summer-2013/[No new relevant content]

Global Health: Science and Practice (GHSP)November 2013 | Volume 1 | Issue 3http://www.ghspjournal.org/content/current[Reviewed earlier]

Global Public HealthVolume 8, Issue 10, 2013
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cdip20/currenthttp://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cdip20/currenthttp://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/content/20/2/contents.htm?s_cid=eid_cover_imghttp://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/content/20/2/contents.htm?s_cid=eid_cover_imghttp://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/content/20/2/contents.htm?s_cid=eid_cover_imghttp://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/content/20/2/contents.htm?s_cid=eid_cover_imghttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/index.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/index.htmhttp://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.eurosurveillance.org/Public/Articles/Archives.aspx?PublicationId=11678http://www.eurosurveillance.org/Public/Articles/Archives.aspx?PublicationId=11678http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/sfds20/currenthttp://www.tandfonline.com/toc/sfds20/currenthttp://www.globalizationandhealth.com/http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/http://blogs.shu.edu/ghg/category/complete-issues/summer-2013/http://blogs.shu.edu/ghg/category/complete-issues/summer-2013/http://www.ghspjournal.org/content/currenthttp://www.ghspjournal.org/content/currenthttp://www.ghspjournal.org/content/currenthttp://blogs.shu.edu/ghg/category/complete-issues/summer-2013/http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/sfds20/currenthttp://www.eurosurveillance.org/Public/Articles/Archives.aspx?PublicationId=11678http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/index.htmhttp://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/content/20/2/contents.htm?s_cid=eid_cover_imghttp://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cdip20/current


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http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rgph20/current#.Uq0DgeKy-F9[Reviewed earlier]

Health AffairsJanuary 2014; Volume 33, Issue 1http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/currentTheme: Exploring Alternatives To Malpractice Litigation[No relevant content]

Health and Human RightsVolume 15, Issue 2http://www.hhrjournal.org/[Reviewed earlier]

Health Economics, Policy and LawVolume 9 - Issue 01 - January 2014http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=HEP&tab=currentissue[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

Health Policy and PlanningVolume 29 Issue 1 January 2014http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/current[Reviewed earlier]

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics(formerly Human Vaccines)February 2014 Volume 10, Issue 2http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/toc/volume/10/issue/2/ReviewJapanese encephalitis: The virus and vaccinesSang-Im Yun and Young-Min Leehttp://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.26902

AbstractJapanese encephalitis (JE) is an infectious disease of the central nervous system caused byJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a zoonotic mosquito-borne flavivirus. JEV is prevalent inmuch of Asia and the Western Pacific, with over 4 billion people living at risk of infection. In theabsence of antiviral intervention, vaccination is the only strategy to develop long-term

sustainable protection against JEV infection. Over the past half-century, a mouse brain-derivedinactivated vaccine has been used internationally for active immunization. To date, however,JEV is still a clinically important, emerging, and re-emerging human pathogen of globalsignificance. In recent years, production of the mouse brain-derived vaccine has beendiscontinued, but three new cell culture-derived vaccines are available in various parts of theworld. Here we review current aspects of JEV biology, summarize the four types of JEV vaccine,and discuss the potential of an infectious JEV cDNA technology for future vaccine development.Commentary
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rgph20/current#.Uq0DgeKy-F9http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rgph20/current#.Uq0DgeKy-F9http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/currenthttp://content.healthaffairs.org/content/currenthttp://www.hhrjournal.org/http://www.hhrjournal.org/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=HEP&tab=currentissuehttp://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=HEP&tab=currentissuehttp://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/toc/volume/10/issue/2/http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/toc/volume/10/issue/2/http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/article/26902/http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/article/26902/http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.26902http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.26902http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.26902http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/toc/volume/10/issue/2/#abstract_0http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/toc/volume/10/issue/2/#abstract_0http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/toc/volume/10/issue/2/#abstract_0http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.26902http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/article/26902/http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/toc/volume/10/issue/2/http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=HEP&tab=currentissuehttp://www.hhrjournal.org/http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/currenthttp://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rgph20/current#.Uq0DgeKy-F9


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Adult immunization: The need to addressBharti Mehta, Sumit Chawla, Vijay Kumar, Harashish Jindal and Bhumika

Bhatthttp://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.26797AbstractVaccination is recommended throughout life to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases and theirsequel. The primary focus of vaccination programs has historically been directed to childhoodimmunizations. For adults, chronic diseases have been the primary focus of preventive andmedical health care, though there has been increased emphasis on preventing infectiousdiseases. Adult vaccination coverage, however, remains low for most of the routinelyrecommended vaccines. Though adults are less susceptible to fall prey to traditional infectiousagents, the probability of exposure to infectious agents has increased manifold owing toglobalization and increasing travel opportunities both within and across the countries. Thus,there is an urgent need to address the problem of adult immunization. The adult immunizationenterprise is more complex, encompassing a wide variety of vaccines and a very diverse targetpopulation. There is no coordinated public health infrastructure to support an adultimmunization program as there is for children. Moreover, there is little coordination amongadult healthcare providers in terms of vaccine provision. Substantial improvement in adult

vaccination is needed to reduce the health consequences of vaccine-preventable diseasesamong adults. Routine assessment of adult patient vaccination needs, recommendation, andoffer of needed vaccines for adults should be incorporated into routine clinical care of adults.CommentaryTuberculosis vaccine: Time to look into futureSumit Chawla, Dinesh Garg, Ram Bilas Jain, Pardeep Khanna, Satvinder Singh Choudhary,

Soumya Sahoo and Inderjeet Singhhttp://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.27108

AbstractGlobal burden of tuberculosis is nearly 12 million. As per the WHO Global TB Report 2013, therewere an estimated 8.6 million incident cases of TB globally in 2012. Tuberculosis is an issue thataffects development through its effect on the health of individuals and families. In humans,neither prior latent infection nor recovery from active TB confers reliable protection againstreinfection or reactivation disease. The power of vaccines as a public health intervention lies intheir ability to reduce onward transmission of disease as much as in their ability to protectvaccinated individuals; a feature generally referred to as herd immunity. MVA85A is a boostervaccine, used in con-junction with BCG as part of a prime-boost strategy. BCG serves as theprime vaccination and MVA85A as the boost, operating under the theory that the addition ofMVA85A will produce a better immune response and more protection against TB than BCGvaccination alone. There is a critical need to raise the profile of TB vaccine research at thecommunity, national, regional, and global levels in order to generate support and political will,increase investment, create an enabling and supportive environment for clinical trials, and laythe groundwork for acceptance and adoption of new TB vaccines once licensed.

Infectious Agents and Cancerhttp://www.infectagentscancer.com/content[Accessed 1 February 2014][No new relevant content]
http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/article/26797/http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/article/26797/http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.26797http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.26797http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.26797http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/toc/volume/10/issue/2/#abstract_4http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/toc/volume/10/issue/2/#abstract_4http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/article/27108/http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/article/27108/http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.27108http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.27108http://www.infectagentscancer.com/contenthttp://www.infectagentscancer.com/contenthttp://www.infectagentscancer.com/contenthttp://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.27108http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/article/27108/http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/toc/volume/10/issue/2/#abstract_4http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.26797http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/article/26797/


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Infectious Diseases of Povertyhttp://www.idpjournal.com/content[Accessed 1 February 2014][No new relevant content]

International Journal of EpidemiologyVolume 42 Issue 6 December 2013http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/current[Reviewed earlier]

International Journal of Infectious DiseasesVol 17 | No. 12 | December 2013http://www.ijidonline.com/current[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

JAMAJanuary 22/29, 2014, Vol 311, No. 4http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx[No relevant content]

JAMA PediatricsJanuary 2014, Vol 168, No. 1http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx[Reviewed earlier]

Journal of Community HealthVolume 39, Issue 1, February 2014http://link.springer.com/journal/10900/39/1/page/1[Reviewed earlier]

Journal of Health Organization and ManagementVolume 27 issue 6 - Latest Issuehttp://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=1477-7266&show=latest [Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

Journal of Infectious DiseasesVolume 209 Issue 4 February 15, 2014http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/currentEDITORIAL COMMENTARIESMassive Benefits of Antiretroviral Therapy in AfricaSten H. Vermund1,2
http://www.idpjournal.com/contenthttp://www.idpjournal.com/contenthttp://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.ijidonline.com/currenthttp://www.ijidonline.com/currenthttp://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspxhttp://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspxhttp://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspxhttp://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspxhttp://link.springer.com/journal/10900/39/1/page/1http://link.springer.com/journal/10900/39/1/page/1http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=1477-7266&show=latesthttp://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=1477-7266&show=latesthttp://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://jid.oxfordjournals.org/search?author1=Sten+H.+Vermund&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://jid.oxfordjournals.org/search?author1=Sten+H.+Vermund&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=1477-7266&show=latesthttp://link.springer.com/journal/10900/39/1/page/1http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspxhttp://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspxhttp://www.ijidonline.com/currenthttp://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.idpjournal.com/content


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http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/209/4/483.extractExtractOne of the most positive, life-affirming, and transformational public health efforts in modernhistory is the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) [14]. This bilateralprogram (which involves the United States and individual partner nations) has had anunprecedented $44.3 billion appropriated from the US Congress from fiscal year 2004 throughfiscal year 2012 (as of 31 March 2013), including over $7 billion to its multilateral partner, theGlobal Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria [5]. Additional funds have been providedby other donor nations, typically through the Global Fund, and by national governments of low-and middle-income countries. These resources have gone toward the global effort to preventhuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to offer lifesaving antiretroviral therapy(ART)-based care to HIV-infected persons [6]. With its many partners, PEPFAR has directlysupported >6 million persons, most in sub-Saharan Africa, among the >10 million personsestimated to have begun ART as of 2013. Since South African legal rulings and the change ingovernment in 2009, the Government of South Africa has been an enthusiastic partnerwith itspeople and with the global communitymaking up for lost time in the effort to address theepidemic and cooperate with its neighbors in southern Africa [79]. No nation has a higher

number of infected persons than South Africa, and the southern African nations have thehighest prevalence of HIV infection in the world, ranging to over half of the adult population incertain venues and age groups [10]. The Government of South Africa, with support fromPEPFAR and the Global Fund, has supported the Herculean efforts of health workers, activists,and patients to reverse the Editor's choice: The Survival Benefits of Antiretroviral Therapy in South AfricaMichael D. April, Robin Wood, Bethany K. Berkowitz, A. David Paltiel, Xavier Anglaret, ElenaLosina, Kenneth A. Freedberg, and Rochelle P. WalenskyJ Infect Dis. (2014) 209 (4): 491-499 doi:10.1093/infdis/jit584

AbstractFull Text (HTML)Full Text (PDF)Supplementary Data

AbstractBackground. We sought to quantify the survival benefits attributable to antiretroviral therapy(ART) in South Africa since 2004.Methods. We used the Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS ComplicationsInternationalmodel (CEPAC) to simulate 8 cohorts of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected patientsinitiating ART each year during 20042011. Model inputs included cohort-specific mean CD4+T-cell count at ART initiation (112178 cells/L), 24-week ART suppressive efficacy (78%),second-line ART availability (2.4% of ART recipients), and cohort-specific 36-month retentionrate (55%71%). CEPAC simulated survival twice for each cohort, once with and once without

ART. The sum of the products of per capita survival differences and the total numbers of

persons initiating ART for each cohort yielded the total survival benefits.Results. Lifetime per capita survival benefits ranged from 9.3 to 10.2 life-years across the 8cohorts. Total estimated population lifetime survival benefit for all persons starting ART during20042011 was 21.7 million life-years, of which 2.8 million life-years (12.7%) had been realizedby December 2012. By 2030, benefits reached 17.9 million life-years under current policies,21.7 million life-years with universal second-line ART, 23.3 million life-years with increasedlinkage to care of eligible untreated patients, and 28.0 million life-years with both linkage tocare and universal second-line ART.
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Conclusions. We found dramatic past and potential future survival benefits attributable to ART,justifying international support of ART rollout in South Africa.

Journal of Global EthicsVolume 9, Issue 3, 2013http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rjge20/current#.UqNh2OKy_Kc[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

Journal of Global Infectious Diseases (JGID)October-December 2013 Volume 5 | Issue 4 Page Nos. 125-186http://www.jgid.org/currentissue.asp?sabs=n[No relevant content]

Journal of Medical Ethics

February 2014, Volume 40, Issue 2http://jme.bmj.com/content/current[No relevant content]

Journal of Medical MicrobiologyFebruary 2014; 63(Pt 2)http://jmm.sgmjournals.org/content/current[No relevant content]

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (JPIDS)Volume 2 Issue 4 December 2013http://jpids.oxfordjournals.org/content/current[Reviewed earlier]

Journal of PediatricsVol 164 | No. 2 | February 2014 | Pages 223-430http://www.jpeds.com/current[No relevant content]

Journal of Public Health PolicyVolume 35, Issue 1 (February 2014)http://www.palgrave-journals.com/jphp/journal/v35/n1/index.htmlSpecial Section: Preventing Addictions[No relevant content]]

Journal of the Royal SocietyInterface
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rjge20/current#.UqNh2OKy_Kchttp://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rjge20/current#.UqNh2OKy_Kchttp://www.jgid.org/currentissue.asp?sabs=nhttp://www.jgid.org/currentissue.asp?sabs=nhttp://jme.bmj.com/content/currenthttp://jme.bmj.com/content/currenthttp://jmm.sgmjournals.org/content/currenthttp://jmm.sgmjournals.org/content/currenthttp://jpids.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://jpids.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.jpeds.com/currenthttp://www.jpeds.com/currenthttp://www.palgrave-journals.com/jphp/journal/v35/n1/index.htmlhttp://www.palgrave-journals.com/jphp/journal/v35/n1/index.htmlhttp://www.palgrave-journals.com/jphp/journal/v35/n1/index.htmlhttp://www.jpeds.com/currenthttp://jpids.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://jmm.sgmjournals.org/content/currenthttp://jme.bmj.com/content/currenthttp://www.jgid.org/currentissue.asp?sabs=nhttp://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rjge20/current#.UqNh2OKy_Kc


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March 6, 2014; 11 (92)http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/current[No relevant content]

Journal of VirologyJanuary 2014, volume 88, issue 2http://jvi.asm.org/content/current[No relevant content]

The LancetFeb 01, 2014 Volume 383 Number 9915 p383486 e9 - 10http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/currentSeriesHealth in the Arab world: a view from withinChanging therapeutic geographies of the Iraqi and Syrian wars

Omar Dewachi, Mac Skelton, Vinh-Kim Nguyen, Fouad M Fouad, Ghassan Abu Sitta, ZeinaMaasri, Rita GiacamanPreview|Summary|Full Text|PDFThe health consequences of the ongoing US-led war on terror and civil armed conflicts in the

Arab world are much more than the collateral damage inflicted on civilians, infrastructure,environment, and health systems. Protracted war and armed conflicts have displacedpopulations and led to lasting transformations in health and health care. In this report, weanalyse the effects of conflicts in Iraq and Syria to show how wars and conflicts have resulted inboth the militarisation and regionalisation of health care, conditions that complicate therebuilding of previously robust national health-care systems.Health and ecological sustainability in the Arab world: a matter of survival

Abbas El-Zein, Samer Jabbour, Belgin Tekce, Huda Zurayk, Iman Nuwayhid, Marwan Khawaja,Tariq Tell, Yusuf Al Mooji, Jocelyn De-Jong, Nasser Yassin, Dennis HoganPreview|Summary|Full Text|PDFDiscussions leading to the Rio+20 UN conference have emphasised the importance ofsustainable development and the protection of the environment for future generations. The

Arab world faces large-scale threats to its sustainable development and, most of all, to theviability and existence of the ecological systems for its human settlements. The dynamics ofpopulation change, ecological degradation, and resource scarcity, and development policies andpractices, all occurring in complex and highly unstable geopolitical and economic environments,are fostering the poor prospects.ViewpointHealth and contemporary change in the Arab world

Samer JabbourPreview|Full Text|PDFIn the past 10 years, but especially since the desperate act by Mohamed Bouazizi (a 26-year-old street vendor who set himself on fire on Dec 17, 2010, in protest against the confiscation ofhis cart and his humiliation by police) sparked popular uprisings in Tunisia that toppledPresident Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in January, 2011, huge ongoing changes have gripped severalcountries in the Arab world and affected almost all others. From the invasion and occupation ofIraq to the empowerment of previously silenced masses (claiming new spaces for dissent,
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toppling presidents, and redrafting constitutions), the separation of South Sudan, and persistentinsecurities and violence in some countries, these changes affect every domain of social life andhave important effects on health.EssayState formation and underdevelopment in the Arab worldTariq TellPreview|Full Text|PDFA revisionist view of Arab underdevelopment has gained popularity because of the hegemony ofneoliberal beliefs over development policy in the region. It stresses the inadequacies of the Arabstate and the shortcomings of the dirigiste (state-led) development policies associated with so-called Arab socialism, and was given popular support by President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egyptwho dominated the politics of the Arab world from 1952 to 1970.1,2 Little effort has been madeto understand the historical forces that produced this turn to the state, and an internalistexplanation of the lack of Arab progress is offered instead.Importance of research networks: the Reproductive Health Working Group, Arabworld and TurkeyRita Giacaman, Asya Al-Ryami, Hyam Bashour, Jocelyn DeJong, Noha Gaballah, Atf Gherissi,

Belgin Tekce, Huda ZuraykPreview|Full Text|PDFA meeting of the Reproductive Health Working Group's Consultative Committee was due to takeplace at the Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, on June1718, 2013. This Committee plans the activities of the Reproductive Health Working Group,

Arab World and Turkey, a 25-year-old capacity-building research network for the Arab countriesand Turkey. The Consultative Committee members are based in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman,occupied Palestinian territory, Syria, Tunisia, and Turkey, where, with the exception of Oman,conflicts, wa

vaccines and global health_the week in review_1 feb 2014

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