Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review 24 August 2019

Center for Vaccine Ethics & Policy (CVEP) This weekly digest targets news, events, announcements, articles and research in the vaccine and global health ethics and policy space and is aggregated from key governmental, NGO, international organization and industry sources, key peer-reviewed journals, and other media channels. This summary proceeds from the broad base of themes and issues monitored by the Center for Vaccine Ethics & Policy in its work: it is not intended to be exhaustive in its coverage. Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review is also posted in pdf form and as a set of blog posts at https://centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.net. This blog allows full-text searching of over 8,000 entries. Comments and suggestions should be directed to

David R. Curry, MS Editor and Executive Director Center for Vaccine Ethics & Policy

david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org Request an email version: Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review is published as a single email summary, scheduled for release each Saturday evening at midnight (EST/U.S.). If you would like to receive the email version, please send your request to david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org.

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Contents [click on link below to move to associated content] A. Milestones :: Perspectives :: Featured Journal Content B. Emergencies C. WHO; CDC [U.S., Africa, China] D. Announcements E. Journal Watch F. Media Watch

Publication of Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review resumes with this edition following annual leave by the editor/publisher.

:::::: :::::: Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research :::::: :::::: Yemen Second round of oral cholera vaccine reaches nearly 400,000 people in Aden, Taiz and Al Dhale’e Sana’a, 21 August 2019 — A 6-day oral cholera vaccination campaign reached almost 400,000 people, including almost 65,000 children under the age of 5 in Aden, Al Dhale’e and Taiz, where high numbers of suspected cholera and acute watery diarrhoea cases have been recorded. The first few months of 2019 saw an increase of reported acute watery diarrhoea cases in over 95% of districts across Yemen. Between January and the end of July 2019, there have been nearly 536 000 suspected cases and 773 associated deaths. Children under 5 represent one quarter of all suspected cases. The vaccination campaign, run by local health authorities, UNICEF and WHO, was made possible thanks to GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance, and to the World Bank’s ‘Emergency Health and Nutrition Project.’ “Amid the fighting in surrounding areas, over 800 health workers, brave men and women, risked their lives to reach communities from cholera — these are the real heroes,” said Altaf Musani, WHO Representative in Yemen. “Thanks to the extraordinary commitment and dedication of Yemen’s local health workforce, hundreds of thousands of people from these priority districts were reached with vaccination against cholera,” said Sara Beysolow Nyanti, UNICEF Country Representative in Yemen. Since April 2017, the cholera and acute watery diarrhoea epidemic in Yemen has caused an estimated 2 million suspected cases and 3500 associated deaths. Almost one third have been in children under 5, including 711 associated deaths. The outbreak in Yemen remains the largest cholera in the world. Health partners throughout Yemen joined forces to control and prevent any future cholera outbreaks. UNICEF and WHO are working closely with the relevant health authorities and other humanitarian partners to respond. :::::: :::::: Opinion

Ebola Could Be Eradicated — But Only if the World Works Together New treatments for Ebola and drug-resistant tuberculosis offer hope, but they won’t be successful on their own. By The Editorial Board New York Times, 16 Aug 2019 The global health community got a few pieces of hopeful news this week. On Monday the World Health Organization announced that two newly developed intravenous drug therapies appear capable of curing Ebola. The medications could help end a continuing epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where nearly 2,800 people have been infected over the past year and more than 1,800 have died. Combined with the recently developed Ebola vaccine, they could even help eradicate a disease that has killed more than 12,000 people over the past four decades. Then, on Wednesday, the Food and Drug Administration effectively endorsed a three-drug treatment that appears to cure so-called extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis — the deadliest version of the world’s deadliest infectious disease. Tuberculosis infects about 10 million people globally every year, and roughly 30,000 to 50,000 people are believed to be infected with the extensively drug-resistant strain, which is usually fatal. Together, these developments could mark a pivotal moment in the century-long quest for global health security. But that quest will only succeed with the help of sustained, cross-border collaboration. For instance, countries need health systems capable of detecting disease outbreaks and delivering and monitoring these new treatments — all of which require substantial funding. International policies must be in place to promote the use of the treatments, and affected communities need to trust the organizations charged with providing their care. The latest effort to stamp out Ebola in Congo has faced some of these problems — there’s been a deep mistrust of global health workers, and the World Health Organization has received only half of the money that donors have promised to devote to the crisis. The fight against tuberculosis faces similar challenges, including a lack of global investment that has prevented medication and innovative diagnostics from reaching the people who need them most. Roughly a quarter of people believed to be infected with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis are properly treated for the disease, a problem that will need to be resolved quickly for the new drugs to have an impact. Each of these challenges has been exacerbated by an increase in xenophobia around the globe. As the journalist Maryn McKenna wrote in The New Republic earlier this year, “the assumption that every nation owes an investment in health to every other nation no longer holds.” Nowhere is this shift more pronounced than in the United States, which until recently was a leader in global health. During the last Ebola outbreak, which spread across West Africa from 2014 to 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention deployed the largest number of personnel in that agency’s history. By the time the crisis had resolved, the Obama administration had begun a global initiative to better protect the world from infectious disease threats. More than 60 countries ultimately participated. In recent years, that leadership has all but evaporated. In the past two years, the Trump administration has dissolved the federal government’s biosecurity directorate, scaled back its

infectious disease prevention efforts, restricted development aid for countries like Congo, made several attempts to rescind foreign aid, including for global health, and pulled C.D.C. workers from Congo’s outbreak zones without a clear plan to send them back. The administration has also announced policies meant to scare legal immigrants off public assistance programs, including for health care, to which they are legally entitled. Such policies imperil everyone: The more people who don’t have access to vaccines or antibiotics, the greater the risk that an infectious disease will spread. That applies to diseases like Ebola that might arrive on American shores from other countries, but it also applies to diseases that are already here, like flu and measles. The only reliable way for a country to protect itself from these threats is for it to help other countries do the same. The new medications for Ebola and tuberculosis are the product of years of investment and careful work. That investment could continue to pay off, but only if the United States and its partners around the world increase their global health efforts, instead of shrinking away from them. :::::: :::::: Emergencies Ebola – DRC+ Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) Disease Outbreak News (DONs) Ebola virus disease – Democratic Republic of the Congo 22 August 2019 The Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in North Kivu and Ituri provinces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo continued this week with similar transmission intensity (Figure 1). While the last few weeks of the outbreak have been characterized by the geographic expansion of cases to new health zones, we continue to see high case numbers, sustained local transmission, and inter-health zone movement of cases both into and out of the hotspot areas of Beni, Mandima, and Butembo. In the past 21 days from 31 July through 20 August 2019, 69 health areas within 19 health zones reported new cases (Table 1, Figure 2). During this period, a total of 216 confirmed cases were reported, with the majority coming from the health zones of Beni (31%, n=66), Mandima (18%, n=38), and Butembo (8%, n=18). High risks of transmission are also associated with an emerging cluster in the city of Mambasa, which has reported 14 cases in the past 21 days. The response continues to address these hotspots through early case detection and thorough investigation, strong contact identification and follow up, and engagement with the local communities. Two new health zones reported cases in the past week: Mwenga Health Zone in South Kivu and Pinga Health Zone in North Kivu. In Mwenga, four confirmed cases were reported after two individuals (mother and child) had contact with a confirmed case in Beni before travelling south. The father of the child was subsequently confirmed positive as was a co-patient in a community health facility where the first case initially sought care…

…On 19 August 2019, a “ville morte” protest took place in Beni, Butembo, and Oicha in response to recent attacks by armed groups on civilians. This resulted in a temporary suspension of Ebola response activities. Operations resumed on 20 August 2019 with increased caution, and further demonstrations are anticipated. The suspension of Ebola response activities often results in an increase of case numbers and spread of cases to new areas in the subsequent weeks…. :::::: Update on Ebola drug trial: two strong performers identified 12 August 2019 WHO Departmental news Geneva The co-sponsors of the Ebola therapeutics trial in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) have announced advances that will bring patients a better chance of survival. Two out of the four drugs being tested are more effective in treating Ebola. Moving forward, these are the only drugs that future patients will be treated with. Details of the changes are available in this WHO/NIAID/INRB release. This WHO initiative is the first-ever multi-drug randomized control trial aimed at evaluating the safety and efficacy of four drugs used for treatment of Ebola patients. Initially developed as a multi-outbreak, multi-country study, PALM (“Together save lives”) was launched in November 2018. It is part of the emergency response in DRC, in collaboration with a broad alliance of partners, including the DRC’s National Institute for Biomedical Research (INRB), Ministry of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), which is part of the United States’ National Institutes of Health, Alliance for International Medical Action (ALIMA), Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), the International Medical Corps (IMC), and other organizations. In addition to researching the best treatments for Ebola, other efforts by team members and partners in the field are also critical in impacting survival rates. Teams of epidemiologists and community members work with communities to identify cases and provide care as quickly as possible. The teams ensure contacts are vaccinated against the disease and that their health is monitored for three weeks. Active case finding, contact tracing, and community acceptance of these teams are vital to ending the outbreak. WHO is committed to continuing to work closely with the ministries of health of DRC and neighboring countries, and other international partners to ensure the outbreak response remains robust and well-coordinated. We will continue to conduct rigorous research and incorporate findings into the Ebola outbreak response through a variety of prevention and control strategies. :::::: World Bank and WHO Statement on Partnership & Deployment of Financing to WHO for Ebola Response in DRC 22 August 2019 News release The World Bank and the World Health Organization (WHO), along with the Government and other key partners, are working in close partnership on the Ebola Crisis Response in the

Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Central to this partnership is the assessment of the financing needs, and deployment of resources, with the goal to put an end to the current deadly outbreak. The World Bank is today announcing that US$50 million in funding is to be released to WHO for its lifesaving operational work on the frontlines of the outbreak. The WHO is announcing that this US$50 million in funds will close the financing gap for its emergency health response in DRC through to the end of September 2019, and is calling on other partners to mirror this generous support in order to fund the response through to December. The funding comprises US$30 million from the Pandemic Emergency Financing Facility (PEF) and US$20 million from the World Bank. The US$50 million in grant funding is part of the larger financial package of approximately US$300 million that the World Bank announced last month to support the fourth Strategic Response Plan for the DRC Ebola outbreak. “WHO is very grateful for the World Bank’s support, which fills a critical gap in our immediate needs for Ebola response efforts in DRC, and will enable the heroic workers on the frontlines of this fight to continue their lifesaving work,” said Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General, World Health Organization. “We keenly await further funding from other partners to sustain the response through to the end of the year.” The DRC government, working in collaboration with the World Bank, WHO, and other key partners, has finalized the Fourth Strategic Response Plan (SRP4), which outlines the total resources needed for the DRC Ebola Crisis Response from July to December 2019. The financing announced today is part of the World Bank’s previously announced financial package of up to US$300 million and covers over half of SRP4’s needs, with the remainder requiring additional funding from other donors and partners. “The World Bank is working closely with WHO, the Government of DRC, and all partners to do everything we can to put an end to the latest Ebola outbreak,” saidAnnette Dixon, Vice President, Human Development at the World Bank.“The partnership between our organizations and the Government is critical for responding to the emergency as well as rebuilding systems for delivery of basic services and to restoring the trust of communities.” The Government of DRC requested US$30 million from the PEF Cash Window to be paid directly to WHO. The PEF Steering Body approved the request bringing the PEF’s total contribution to fighting Ebola in DRC to US$61.4 million. The PEF is a financing mechanism housed at the World Bank; its Steering Body is co-chaired by the World Bank and WHO, and comprises donor country members from Japan, Germany and Australia. The quick and flexible financing it provides saves lives, by enabling governments and international responders to concentrate on fighting Ebola—not fundraising. :::::: :::::: POLIO Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

Polio this week as of 22 August 2019 :: Nigeria marked three years since the last case of wild poliovirus (WPV) was detected within its borders. Because Nigeria is the last polio-endemic country in Africa, this milestone opens the door for the potential WPV-free certification of the entire WHO AFRO region after the Africa Regional Certification Commission (ARCC) evaluation as early as mid-2020. While this is an important programmatic milestone, the region has not yet been certified polio-free and it will be critical for polio programme to maintain momentum.

Summary of new viruses this week: :: Afghanistan —one wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) case; :: Pakistan — one WPV1-positive environmental sample; :: Angola — one cVDPV2 case; :: Ghana — one cVDPVE2 case. :::::: :::::: Editor’s Note: WHO has posted a refreshed emergencies page which presents an updated listing of Grade 3,2,1 emergencies as below. WHO Grade 3 Emergencies [to 24 Aug 2019] Democratic Republic of the Congo :: Ebola virus disease – Democratic Republic of the Congo Disease Outbreak News (DONs) 22 August 2019 :: Update on Ebola drug trial: two strong performers identified 12 August 2019 [See DRC Ebola+ above for detail] Nigeria :: Three years without a case of wild polio virus, Government of Nigeria warns against complacency 21 August 2019 :: Nigeria introduces Meningitis A Conjugate Vaccine into Routine EPI Schedule 12 August 2019 Syrian Arab Republic :: Syrian Arabic Republic: tackling NCDs in emergencies through primary health care 5 August 2019 Yemen :: Second round of oral cholera vaccine reaches nearly 400 000 people in Aden, Taiz and Al Dhale’e 21 August 2019 Cyclone Idai - No new digest announcements identified Mozambique floods - No new digest announcements identified Somalia - No new digest announcements identified South Sudan - No new digest announcements identified ::::::

WHO Grade 2 Emergencies [to 24 Aug 2019] Afghanistan :: Afghan women eradicating polio #womenhumanitarians 19 August 2019 Malawi floods :: WHO and MOH brief Malawian journalists about the Ebola Virus Disease outbreak situation in the African Region Cameroon - No new digest announcements identified Central African Republic - No new digest announcements identified Ethiopia - No new digest announcements identified HIV in Pakistan - No new digest announcements identified Iran floods 2019 - No new digest announcements identified Iraq - No new digest announcements identified Libya - No new digest announcements identified MERS-CoV - No new digest announcements identified Myanmar - No new digest announcements identified Measles in Europe - No new digest announcements identified Niger - No new digest announcements identified occupied Palestinian territory - No new digest announcements identified Sudan - No new digest announcements identified Ukraine - No new digest announcements identified Zimbabwe - No new digest announcements identified :::::: WHO Grade 1 Emergencies [to 24 Aug 2019] Angola - No new digest announcements identified Chad - No new digest announcements identified Djibouti - No new digest announcements identified Indonesia - Sulawesi earthquake 2018 - No new digest announcements identified Kenya - No new digest announcements identified Mali - No new digest announcements identified Namibia - viral hepatitis - No new digest announcements identified Tanzania - No new digest announcements identified :::::: :::::: UN OCHA – L3 Emergencies The UN and its humanitarian partners are currently responding to three 'L3' emergencies. This is the global humanitarian system's classification for the response to the most severe, large-scale humanitarian crises. Syrian Arab Republic :: Syrian Arab Republic: Recent Developments in Northwestern Syria Situation Report No. 10 - as of 23 August 2019 Yemen

:: Yemen: Flash Floods Flash Update No. 2 As of 19 August 2019 :::::: UN OCHA – Corporate Emergencies When the USG/ERC declares a Corporate Emergency Response, all OCHA offices, branches and sections provide their full support to response activities both at HQ and in the field. Editor’s Note: Ebola in the DRC has bene added as a OCHA “Corporate Emergency” this week: CYCLONE IDAI and Kenneth - No new digest announcements identified EBOLA OUTBREAK IN THE DRC - No new digest announcements identified :::::: :::::: WHO & Regional Offices [to 24 Aug 2019] 23 August 2019 News release Rising to the challenge of malaria eradication The World Health Organization (WHO) says accelerated research and development (R&D) in new tools for malaria prevention and treatment is key if the world is to eradicate malaria in the foreseeable future: today less than 1% of funding for health R&D investment goes to developing tools to tackle malaria. WHO also flags the urgent need for progress to advance universal health coverage and improve access to services, and better surveillance to guide a more targeted malaria response. The findings have emerged in a report from WHO’s Strategic Advisory Group on Malaria Eradication (SAGme)… 22 August 2019 News release World Bank and WHO Statement on Partnership & Deployment of Financing to WHO for Ebola Response in DRC [See Ebola above for detail] 22 August 2019 News release WHO calls for more research into microplastics and a crackdown on plastic pollution 21 August 2019 News release Three years without a case of wild polio virus, Government of Nigeria warns against complacency 18 August 2019 News release WHO Director-General underscores commitment to strengthening health in Pacific Islands 15 August 2019 News release WHO congratulates new UNAIDS Executive Director 14 August 2019 News release Burundi launches ebola vaccination campaign for health and front-line workers

:::::: Weekly Epidemiological Record, 23 August 2019, vol. 94, 34 (pp. 381–388) :: Progress towards poliomyelitis eradication – Afghanistan, January 2018–May 2019 Weekly Epidemiological Record, 16 August 2019, vol. 94, 33 (pp. 365–380) :: fever in Africa and the Americas, 2018 :: Monthly report on dracunculiasis cases, January- June 2019 Weekly Epidemiological Record, 9 August 2019, vol. 94, 32 (pp. 345–364) :: Review of the 2018–2019 influenza season in the northern hemisphere :::::: WHO Regional Offices Selected Press Releases, Announcements WHO African Region AFRO :: WHO supports Cross River State in administering polio vaccines to Cameroonian refuge... 22 August 2019 :: Restoring people’s trust in medical facilities an essential prescription for achievi... 22 August, Brazzaville - Populations across the 47 Member States of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) African Region only utilize an average 48% of their available health services. But only an average 34% of those same populations even has access to essential services. And health systems in those countries only perform, on average, at 49% of their possible level of functionality. :: WHO and Africa CDC agree on joint actions to improve health security in Africa 22 August 2019 :: African health ministers agree to an all-fronts push to control the rise in vector-b... 22 August 2019 With countries in Africa experiencing increased cases and deaths due to malaria and other vector-borne diseases, 47 health ministers endorsed the region’s first aggressive plan for vector control across the continent that recognizes the need for an all-fronts push on eliminating the disease transmitters. :: Countries launch synchronized cross border campaign to fight against polio: Somali region of Ethiopia alone to vaccinate over half million under 5 children 21 August 2019 :: Africa today heads into the last mile to be free of wild polio 21 August 2019 :: Burundi launches ebola vaccination campaign for health and front-line workers 14 August 2019 :: Driving levers of change for improved immunization coverage in weak performing LGAs Abuja, 8 August, 2019 - The World Health Organization (WHO) is currently providing guidance to intensifying Routine Immunization (RI) strategies in low performing Local Government Areas (LGAs) in priority States in Nigeria. WHO Region of the Americas PAHO :: Youth leaders to share ideas with PAHO on improving adolescent health in the Americas (08/12/2019) :: Which are the key medical devices for primary health care services (08/06/2019)

:: Birth defects registries expanding in Latin America (08/06/2019) WHO South-East Asia Region SEARO No new digest content identified. WHO European Region EURO :: Remembering Professor Lowell Levin, pioneer of health promotion 21-08-2019 :: Low risk of Ebola virus disease in the WHO European Region 19-08-2019 :: On World Humanitarian Day, WHO recognizes women at the forefront of humanitarian work 16-08-2019 :: International Youth Day 2019: Role of mentors in nursing and midwifery education 12-08-2019 :: Syrian Arab Republic: tackling noncommunicable diseases in emergencies through primary health care 08-08-2019 WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region EMRO :: WHO trains Libyans to prevent and control deadly diseases 22 August 2019 :: Oral cholera vaccine reaches nearly 400 000 people in Yemen 21 August 2019 :: Stamping out leprosy in Libya 8 August 2019 WHO Western Pacific Region :: Parliamentarians: Climate crisis one of the most critical threats to health in the Asia-Pacific region 23 August 2019 :::::: :::::: CDC/ACIP [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.cdc.gov/media/index.html https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/index.html Latest News Thursday, August 22, 2019 An Estimated 92% of Cancers Caused by HPV Could be Prevented by Vaccine During 2012-2016, an average of 43,999 HPV-associated cancers were reported each year, according to a new study published today in CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). Among the estimated 34,800 cancers probably caused by HPV, 92 percent are attributable to the HPV types that are included in the HPV vaccine and could be prevented if HPV vaccine recommendations were followed, according to the report. MMWR News Synopsis for Friday, August 23, 2019 National, Regional, State, and Selected Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13–17 Years — United States, 2018 2018 data show that adolescent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates increased slightly, but more work needs to be done to protect more people against HPV-associated cancers. A new report from the CDC shows little progress toward increasing HPV vaccination rates among teenagers 13-17 years old. HPV vaccination rates increased slightly for boys, but there was no increase in rates among girls, highlighting the need for continued efforts to ensure

all boys and girls are vaccinated on time. The percentage of teen boys and girls who received all recommended doses of the HPV vaccine increased from 49% to 51%. The increase in HPV vaccination rates was due to increases in boys only. The percentage of boys who received all recommended doses increased by 4 percentage points compared to 0.6 percentage points among girls. HPV vaccination rates were higher among teens whose parents reported receiving a recommendation from their child’s healthcare professional. Human Papillomavirus–Attributable Cancers — United States, 2012–2016 Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that can lead to certain types of cancer later in life. The current HPV vaccine could prevent 92% percent of cancers attributable to HPV. A new CDC study found that there were 43,999 HPV-associated cancers (cancers in organ sites where HPV often causes cancer) from 2012 through 2016. CDC researchers estimated the annual number of cancers that can potentially be prevented by the current vaccine for the nation and for each state. The current HPV vaccine protects against 92% or 32,100 of the 34,8000 cancers thought to be caused by HPV from 2012 through 2016. In addition to HPV vaccination, cervical cancer screening is routinely recommended for women ages 21-65 regardless of HPV vaccination status. Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication — Afghanistan, January 2018–May 2019 To achieve polio eradication in Afghanistan, the vaccination program needs to reach approximately 10 million children, the majority of whom are currently not receiving oral poliovirus vaccine through house-to-house polio campaigns. This could be achieved by regaining access to communities and building community trust. A new report describes the progress toward polio eradication in Afghanistan during January 2018-May 2019. Afghanistan and Pakistan are the only two countries with reported cases of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) since 2016. The number of WPV1 cases in Afghanistan has been increasing yearly since 2017. While circulation has remained confined to the Southern and Eastern regions of the country, the geographic range of WPV1 in Southern districts increased in 2019. A nationwide ban on house-to-house campaigns by antigovernment groups that has been in effect since April 2019 has left millions of children unvaccinated. To achieve polio eradication, the program needs to regain access to house-to-house campaigns and increase community demand for polio vaccine. Recommendations and Reports: Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2019–2020 Influenza Season This issue of MMWR Recommendations and Reports summarizes the latest data on influenza vaccination and lays out CDC and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations related to influenza vaccination. CDC recommends that everyone age 6 months and older should get a flu vaccine every year, with rare exceptions. There are many different types of flu vaccines available for different age groups and health indications. CDC does not recommend one flu vaccine over another. The most important thing is for all people 6 months and older to get a flu vaccination every year. If you have questions about which vaccine is best for you, talk to your doctor or other health care professional. MMWR News Synopsis for Friday, August 16, 2019

Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination of Adults CDC recommends vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) at age 11 to 12 years, and now also recommends catch-up vaccination through age 26 years for all genders. Although CDC does not recommend catch-up vaccination for all adults ages 27 through 45 years, some people in this age range who are at risk for new HPV infection might benefit from vaccination. HPV vaccine prevents new HPV infections that can cause cancers and other health problems. Because vaccination provides the most benefit when given before exposure to any HPV, it is recommended for all 11- to 12-year-olds. Catch-up recommendations apply to people not vaccinated as preteens. This report updates CDC recommendations for adults in the United States.I It harmonizes the catch-up age through age 26 years for all genders and adds guidance about HPV vaccination for adults ages 27 through 45 years who are at risk for new HPV infection and might benefit from vaccination. Although 9-valent HPV vaccine is licensed for use through age 45 years, CDC does not recommend it for all such adults, and clinicians need not discuss HPV vaccination with all adults over the age of 26 years because most people in this age range are unlikely to benefit from vaccination. :::::: Africa CDC [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.africacdc.org/ News MARKET ENGAGEMENT: REQUEST FOR INFORMATION (Design, building, supply and installation of Biosafety Level 3 (BSL3) laboratory in Lusaka, Zambia) 20-08-2019 Name of Project: Africa CDC Regional Investment Financing Program Sector: Health Sector Project ID: P167916 The Government of the Republic of Zambia has applied for financing from the World Bank towards the cost of the Africa Centres for Disease Control and... :::::: China CDC http://www.chinacdc.cn/en/ No new digest content identified. National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China http://en.nhc.gov.cn/ Selected Updates and Press Releases Law enforcement campaign to target drug monopolies 2019-08-23 China will launch a nationwide law enforcement campaign in the pharmaceutical sector this year targeting drug monopolies to improve security of supply, a top health official said on Thursday. Healthcare cooperation with Arab countries to be expanded 2019-08-20 China will expand healthcare cooperation with the Arab world through more medical assistance, information sharing and joint research, the health minister said on Aug 16.

Medics on way to help curb Ebola outbreaks among African countries 2019-08-14 China will send public health experts to Uganda and South Sudan at those countries' request to help prevent outbreaks of Ebola, director of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention said. Education and testing may rein in HIV rates 2019-08-02 Number of infected to likely keep rising, but prevalence expected to remain low. :::::: :::::: Announcements Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group [to 24 Aug 2019] https://alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/frontiers-group/news-press/ News News from The Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group: August 2019 August 6, 2019 Highlights include a roundup of our recent Exploring Frontiers symposiums on modeling and morphogensis, a funding initiative for new cancer initiatives and more. BMGF - Gates Foundation [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases No new digest content identified. Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute [to 24 Aug 2019] https://www.gatesmri.org/ The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world's poorest people No new digest content identified. CARB-X [to 24 Aug 2019] https://carb-x.org/ CARB-X is a non-profit public-private partnership dedicated to accelerating antibacterial research to tackle the global rising threat of drug-resistant bacteria. 08.20.2019 | CARB-X funds Vaxxilon AG to develop a new vaccine to prevent carbapenem-resistant superbug Klebsiella pneumoniae infections

Multivalent conjugate vaccine aims to prevent deadly hospital-acquired respiratory, urinary-tract and other infections that kill thousands of patients each year (BOSTON, USA) – CARB-X, a global partnership led by Boston University, is awarding Vaxxilon AG of Reinach, Switzerland, up to $1.4 million in non-dilutive funding with the possibility of $3.1 million more if certain project milestones are met, to develop a multivalent vaccine to prevent infections caused by carbapenem-resistant bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, an invasive Gram-negative superbug associated with life-threatening intensive-care and hospital-acquired infections and high mortality rates. “Vaccines are vital tools in the fight against disease and drug-resistant bacteria, with the potential to prevent infections and reduce the spread of life-threatening bacteria,” said Kevin Outterson, Executive Director of CARB-X and Professor of Law at Boston University. “Vaxxilon’s vaccine, if approved for use in patients, could prevent deadly infections and save the lives of thousands of patients in hospitals worldwide who might otherwise contract infections and die.”… 8.15.2019 | CARB-X funds Integrated Biotherapeutics to expand the development of its Staphylococcus aureus vaccine to facilitate use in the developing world CARB-X, a global partnership led by Boston University, is awarding Integrated Biotherapeutics (IBT) of Rockville, Maryland, USA, $1.6 million to expand the development of its vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) superbugs, so that the vaccine can be used to prevent infections in developing nations, as well as in the developed world. Under this initiative, IBT will expand its R&D to evaluate the efficacy of its vaccine, IBT-V02, against strains of the bacteria found in developing nations, and will also explore development of a freeze-dried version of the vaccine so that it can be used where cold storage systems are not available. CEPI – Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations [to 24 Aug 2019] http://cepi.net/ 21 August 2019 CEPI and Africa CDC to host panel event at TICAD 7 How can we strengthen epidemic preparedness and response in Africa? This is the topic CEPI and the Africa CDC will be exploring on Wednesday, August 28, at the seventh Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD 7). We will be hosting a high-level panel event to discuss the challenges of epidemic preparedness in Africa and how CEPI, the Africa CDC, and its partners in Africa can and should be working together… Clinton Health Access Initiative, Inc. (CHAI) [to 24 Aug 2019] https://clintonhealthaccess.org/about/ No new digest content identified. EDCTP [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.edctp.org/

The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials Latest news 21 August 2019 Invitation to apply for membership of the EDCTP Audit Committee The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) invites suitable candidates to apply for membership of its Audit Committee. EDCTP is a public-public partnership of, currently, 16 African and 14 European countries, and the European Union. The Delegation Agreement… 14 August 2019 EC invites feedback on next EDCTP programme The European Commission seeks feedback from citizens and stakeholders on its outline for an EDCTP successor programme. This is one of the early steps in the process of creating a future EDCTP programme under the umbrella of the next European… Emory Vaccine Center [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.vaccines.emory.edu/ No new digest content identified. European Medicines Agency [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/ News and press releases News: EMA/FDA analysis shows high degree of alignment in marketing application decisions between EU and US Last updated: 16/08/2019 European Vaccine Initiative [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.euvaccine.eu/news-events No new digest content identified. FDA [to 24 Aug 2019] https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/default.htm No new digest content identified. Fondation Merieux [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.fondation-merieux.org/ No new digest content identified. Gavi [to 24 Aug 2019]

https://www.gavi.org/ Latest news Using drones to reach remote communities with vaccines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 09 August 2019 During a recent visit to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Gavi spoke to Freddy Nkosi, Senior Manager of Advocacy and Communications at VillageReach, about the planned vaccine delivery drone launch in Équateur Province in the north of the DRC. Nkosi is based in the DRC capital, Kinshasa, and is part of the regional and global VillageReach team GHIT Fund [to 24 Aug 2019] https://www.ghitfund.org/newsroom/press GHIT was set up in 2012 with the aim of developing new tools to tackle infectious diseases that devastate the world’s poorest people. Other funders include six Japanese pharmaceutical No new digest content identified. Global Fund [to 24 Aug 2019] https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/ News European Union Announces Major Increase to the Global Fund 24 August 2019 … President of the European Council Donald Tusk announced on behalf of the EU a pledge of €550 million for the Global Fund’s Sixth Replenishment during the G7 Summit in Biarritz. This represents an increase of 16 percent over their previous contribution… News Canada Steps Up Fight Against Epidemics with a Major Increase to Global Fund 22 August 2019 GENEVA – The Global Fund warmly welcomed today’s announcement by Canadian Minister of International Development and Minister for Women and Gender Equality, Maryam Monsef, of a new pledge of CAD 930.4 million to the Global Fund for the next three years. The new pledge – representing a 15.7% increase from Canada’s previous pledge – is a tremendous investment in global efforts to end the epidemics of HIV, TB and malaria… News Switzerland Increases Contribution to Global Fund 21 August 2019 … In its meeting today in Bern, the Swiss Federal Council approved a contribution of CHF64 million to the Global Fund’s Sixth Replenishment. This is the highest contribution ever granted by Switzerland to the Global Fund… News Patricia Moser Elected Chair of Technical Review Panel 20 August 2019 GENEVA − The Technical Review Panel, a group of independent experts who review requests for funding to the Global Fund, has elected Dr. Patricia Moser as its new chair.

Dr. Moser is a distinguished public health economist from the United States, with more than three decades of experience improving access to health services and health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Dr. Moser has worked extensively on efforts to remove HIV, tuberculosis and malaria as major impediments to improved health, and supporting stronger health systems that are an indispensable component of ending epidemics… Hilleman Laboratories [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.hillemanlabs.org/ No new digest content identified. Human Vaccines Project [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.humanvaccinesproject.org/media/press-releases/ Press Release Four Distinguished Global Leaders Join Efforts to Decode the Human Immune System New York – August 13, 2019 – Four distinguished global leaders are joining the Human Vaccines Project to help push forward its effort to solve one the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century, the decoding of the human immune system. A 21-year member of Australia’s Parliament who spent five years as Foreign Minister, the Honorable Julie Bishop will join the Board of Directors. Internationally recognized Dutch virologist Jaap Goudsmit takes the helm as Chief Scientific Officer and Senior Vice President, while Soumya Swaminathan of the World Health Organization and Jerome Kim of the International Vaccine Institute join the Project’s Scientific Steering Committee… IAVI [to 24 Aug 2019] https://www.iavi.org/newsroom No new digest content identified. International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities (ICMRA) http://www.icmra.info/drupal/en/news Statements and Press Releases No new digest content identified. IFFIm http://www.iffim.org/library/news/press-releases/ No new digest content identified. IFRC [to 24 Aug 2019] http://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/news/press-releases/ Selected Press Releases, Announcements Asia Pacific, Bangladesh, Myanmar

Press release: Rakhine crisis – Two years on, the struggle for safety, privacy and dignity Tens of thousands of people who fled violence in Rakhine to camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh are living their lives in cramped tents and shelters, in conditions that fall well below international standards. IVAC [to 24 Aug 2019] https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/index.html Updates Four takeaways from iHEA 2019, a Swiss summit on health economics August 2019 Last month, representatives from the IVAC Economics and Finance (E&F) team attended the International Health Economics Association (iHEA) Congress in Basel, Switzerland. As new members of Immunization Economics, a specialized group of economists working on immunization, Bryan Patenaude, Cristina Garcia, Gatien de Broucker, and Elizabeth (Libby) Watts had several significant contributions to the biannual conference. […] IVI [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.ivi.int/ IVI News & Announcements IVI Director General Dr. Jerome Kim to join the Human Vaccines Project’s Efforts as One of Four Distinguished Global Leaders to Decode the Human Immune System August 16, 2019 – SEOUL, South Korea – Dr. Jerome Kim, Director General of the International Vaccine Institute (IVI), joins the Human Vaccines Project as one of four distinguished global leaders to help push forward its effort to solve one the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century, the decoding of the human immune system. Dr. Kim will join the Project’s Scientific Steering Committee, together with Dr. Soumya Swaminathan of the World Health Organization. The Honorable Julie Bishop, a 21-year member of Australia’s Parliament who spent five years as Foreign Minister will join the Project’s Board of Directors and internationally recognized Dutch virologist Jaap Goudsmit takes the helm as Chief Scientific Officer and Senior Vice President…. JEE Alliance [to 24 Aug 2019] https://www.jeealliance.org/ Selected News and Events No new digest content identified. MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.msf.org/ Selected News; Project Updates, Reports Cameroon A multidisciplinary approach to stem the spread of cholera Project Update 21 Aug 2019

Rohingya refugee crisis Two years on: No solutions in sight for the Rohingya Project Update 20 Aug 2019 Democratic Republic of Congo A deadly measles outbreak is spreading like wildfire Project Update 16 Aug 2019 Tuberculosis Promising new tuberculosis drug pretomanid approved, but will it be affordable? Press Release 15 Aug 2019 Brazil The struggle of Venezuelan migrants and asylum seekers in northern Brazil Project Update 14 August 2019 NIH [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases August 21, 2019 NIH funds genetic counseling resource ahead of million-person sequencing effort — Genetic counseling and technological infrastructure for the All of Us Research Program to be provided by Color. August 14, 2019 Leaders of NIH’s All of Us Research Program recap progress and next steps — Strong progress has been made in efforts to advance precision medicine Monday, August 12, 2019 Independent monitoring board recommends early termination of Ebola therapeutics trial in DRC because of favorable results with two of four candidates The Pamoja Tulinde Maisha (PALM [together save lives]) study is a randomized, controlled trial of four investigational agents (ZMapp, remdesivir, mAb114 and REGN-EB3) for the treatment of patients with Ebola virus disease. The study began on Nov. 20, 2018 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as part of the emergency response to an ongoing Ebola outbreak in the North Kivu and Ituri Provinces. As of Aug. 9, 2019, the trial had enrolled 681 patients toward an enrollment total of 725. Patients were enrolled at four Ebola Treatment Centers (ETCs) in Beni, Katwa, Butembo and Mangina. These ETCs have been overseen by staff from the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB); the DRC Ministry of Health; and three medical humanitarian organizations: the Alliance for International Medical Action (ALIMA), the International Medical Corps (IMC), and Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF). The trial is monitored by an independent data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) that meets periodically to review interim safety and efficacy data and to make recommendations to the study team and the sponsors. As a result of their Aug. 9, 2019 review, the DSMB recommended that the study be stopped and that all future patients be randomized to receive either REGN-EB3 or mAb114 in what is being considered an extension phase of the study. This recommendation was based on the fact that an early stopping criterion in the protocol had been

met by one of the products, REGN-EB3. The preliminary results in 499 study participants indicated that individuals receiving REGN-EB3 or mAb114 had a greater chance of survival compared to participants in the other two arms. The principal investigators of the study, its statistician and its co-sponsors accepted this recommendation, and the ETC staff at the sites were promptly informed. In addition to limiting future patient randomizations to REGN-EB3 and mAb114, patients who were randomized to ZMapp or remdesivir in the last 10 days now have the option, at the discretion of their treating physician, to receive either REGN-EB3 or mAb114… August 8, 2019 NIH-funded study will test seasonal flu vaccines with two experimental adjuvants — Adjuvants are compounds added to vaccines to induce stronger and longer-lasting immune responses PATH [to 24 Aug 2019] https://www.path.org/media-center/ August 14, 2019 by PATH In new Living Labs initiative, health care workers will co-create solutions to increase immunization coverage in sub-Saharan Africa Seattle, WA, August 14, 2019 – PATH and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation have launched a new partnership to develop innovative approaches that engage and build on the motivation of frontline immunization workers for improved performance. The Living Labs initiative will put health care workers at the center of defining the challenges they face in their daily work and being the architects of creative solutions. This project is a new way for PATH, the Gates Foundation, and health care workers to partner as co-creators in the rapid designing, prototyping, and testing of new solutions to increase immunization coverage and equity… Sabin Vaccine Institute [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases August 13, 2019 Sabin Vaccine Institute Elects New Trustees Bringing Expertise to Support Program Growth WASHINGTON, D.C. – The Sabin Vaccine Institute (Sabin) announces the appointment of three new members to its Board of Trustees. Joining the Board are Drs. Elizabeth Fox, Saad Omer and Jacqueline Shea, well-respected leaders whose range of skills and experience promise to advance Sabin’s aim to ensure all people, everywhere get the vaccines they need. August 6, 2019 GSK Grants Exclusive Technology License For Clinical-Stage Ebola Vaccines To Sabin Vaccine Institute Transfer from GSK and partnership with NIAID will enable Sabin to advance development of the candidate vaccines LONDON / WASHINGTON, D.C. – GSK and the Sabin Vaccine Institute (Sabin) today announced exclusive agreements for Sabin to advance the development of the prophylactic candidate vaccines against the deadly Ebola Zaire, Ebola Sudan and the closely related, but lesser known, Marburg virus.

UNAIDS [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.unaids.org/en Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements 22 August 2019 Osh signs the Paris Declaration Osh, Kyrgyzstan, has become the latest city to sign the Paris Declaration to end the AIDS epidemic in cities, becoming the second city in the country to commit to reaching the 90–90–90 targets by the end of 2020. 15 August 2019 Preparedness, proactiveness and speed are key to tackling humanitarian emergencies 15 August 2019 Preventing HIV and sexual and gender-based violence in peacekeeping and humanitarian operations 14 August 2019 Redefining HIV prevention messages for young people in Latin America UNICEF [to 24 Aug 2019] https://www.unicef.org/media/press-releases Selected Statements, Press Releases, Reports Statement G7 leaders must prioritize children in Syria as violence mounts in the northwest Statement by UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore 23/08/2019 Press release Venezuela: UNICEF seeks US$70 million to provide humanitarian assistance to 900,000 children NEW YORK/PANAMA, 20 August 2019 – UNICEF appealed for more than US$70 million to provide life-saving humanitarian assistance to 900,000 children across Venezuela through the end of the year. New funding in the coming weeks is essential for UNICEF and its partners to meet the critical humanitarian needs of children and families inside the country. “Some 3.2 million children in Venezuela need humanitarian aid as conditions across the country continue to deteriorate,” said UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore. “We are ramping up our work to help children and families who are struggling against food shortages and limited access to essential services like healthcare, safe water and education.” At least 4.3 million people across Venezuela do not have access to safe drinking water; vaccine-preventable diseases including measles and diphtheria have re-emerged, while yellow fever and malaria are on the rise. An estimated 1.3 million children and adolescents need protection services, while over 1 million children are out of school.

In line with the 2019 Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) for Venezuela launched by the United Nations and its partners, UNICEF’s priorities for the remainder of the year include: :: Providing 800,000 people with access to safe drinking water; :: Continuing to rehabilitate the vaccine cold chain; :: Vaccinating more than 1,200,000 children under 5 years against measles; :: Ensuring treatment for 7,000 children under 5 years suffering from severe or moderate malnutrition; :: Distributing education materials to 680,000 children aged 4-18 years; :: Reaching 216,000 children with psychosocial and protection support; and :: Providing over 170,000 pregnant women and newborn babies with health assistance. These efforts build on UNICEF’s existing programmatic reach which has increased steadily over the past year to meet the growing needs of the most vulnerable children. Since 2018, UNICEF has shipped nearly 200 tons of basic health, nutrition, education, water and sanitation relief supplies to Venezuela… Press release Number of children orphaned or left unaccompanied by Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo rising fast 13/08/2019 Press release UNICEF welcomes Government of Colombia decision to prevent statelessness for thousands of children born in Colombia to Venezuelan parents 06/08/2019 Vaccination Acceptance Research Network (VARN) [to 24 Aug 2019] https://vaccineacceptance.org/news.html#header1-2r No new digest content identified. Vaccine Confidence Project [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.vaccineconfidence.org/ No new digest content identified. Vaccine Education Center – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center No new digest content identified. Wellcome Trust [to 24 Aug 2019] https://wellcome.ac.uk/news News | 23 August 2019 Four new appointments to Wellcome’s Board of Governors

Four leaders with significant experience across the finance, advertising, NGO and banking sectors have been appointed to our Board of Governors. Opinion | 13 August 2019 The most important healthcare tool is trust by Jeremy Farrar Wellcome Global Monitor shows that 70% of people trust scientists, doctors, and nurses. Opinion | 5 August 2019 Asking better questions: how we're using the discovery process in public engagement Haidee Bell, Strategic Design and Innovation Lead Wellcome Discovery can be a useful process to start thinking about how, when and why a challenge should be approached. Haidee Bell explains how we’re using discovery to understand opportunities for public engagement in areas as diverse as mental health research and online health information. The Wistar Institute [to 24 Aug 2019] https://www.wistar.org/news/press-releases Press Release Aug. 21, 2019 Repeated Semen Exposure Promotes Host Resistance to Infection in Preclinical Model of HIV Changes in systemic and local tissue responses reduce susceptibility but do not block infection. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/2019/ No new digest content identified. :::::: BIO [to 24 Aug 2019] https://www.bio.org/insights/press-release No new digest content identified. DCVMN – Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.dcvmn.org/ No new digest content identified. IFPMA [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.ifpma.org/resources/news-releases/ Selected Press Releases, Statements, Publications

22 August 2019 IFPMA Statement on WHO Afro 69 agenda item 12 Framework for provision of essential health

… IFPMA believes that structured, collaborative action on UHC is needed to meet the shared goals of expanding patient access to medicines through innovative solutions, and achieving long-term sustainability of the health sector. This is all the more necessary given the complex mix of interconnected threats to global health which we increasingly face —from poverty and pandemics to conflict and environmental issues. In the run-up to the UN High Level Meeting in September and as a Core Member of the Private Sector Constituency of UHC 2030, we are pleased to see the Key Asks from the UHC movement going in the right direction. We support in particular the need to uphold quality primary health care, drive forward sustainable financing, and provide an enabling environment to promote improved access to medicines and vaccines, facilitating continued innovation to find new treatments and cures that ensure no-one is left behind. Now is the time to take action and step forward together in expanding quality, essential health coverage – and to see it not as a cost but as a genuine investment in our human capital, as the drivers of economic development and growth. The opportunities are great in the AFRO region, particularly given the demographic dividend, and we look forward to continuing a constructive and inclusive debate on how to help countries move forward on achieving UHC. PhRMA [to 24 Aug 2019] http://www.phrma.org/press-room No new digest content identified. Industry Watch [to 24 Aug 2019] :: Pfizer Invests Half Billion Dollars to Advance State-of-the-Art Gene Therapy Facility in Sanford, North Carolina August 21, 2019 NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Pfizer announced today an additional half billion dollar investment for the construction of its state-of-the-art gene therapy manufacturing facility in Sanford, North Carolina. This facility is anticipated to support Pfizer’s continuing investment in gene therapy research and development, similar to Pfizer’s Chapel Hill and Kit Creek, North Carolina research and development sites. This facility would expand the company’s presence in North Carolina, where there are currently more than 3,600 Pfizer colleagues, including 650 in Sanford. The expanded facility is projected to add approximately 300 new jobs… * * * *

Journal Watch Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focu-s on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher. If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

American Journal of Infection Control September 2019 Volume 47, Issue 9, p1039-1160 http://www.ajicjournal.org/current Major Articles Characteristics associated with human papillomavirus vaccination initiation and completion among young adults Xiaofei Ding, Changwei Tian, Hua Wang, Wenming Wang, Xiaoming Luo p1096–1101 Published online: April 27, 2019 American Journal of Preventive Medicine September 2019 Volume 57, Issue 3, p293-428 http://www.ajpmonline.org/current Research Briefs Maternal Immunization in the U.S.: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study Parinaz Ghaswalla, Jean-Etienne M. Poirrier, Elizabeth R. Packnett, Debra E. Irwin, Stephanie R. Gray, Philip O. Buck e87–e93 American Journal of Public Health September 2019 109(9) http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current AIDS HIV End the Epidemic in the South: The Importance of Measuring Progression to AIDS and Death Other Race/Ethnicity, HIV/AIDS, Epidemiology, Statistics/Evaluation/Research, Race/Ethnicity, Mortality, Surveillance Erika Samoff 109(9), pp. 1159–1160 PREEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS Working Toward Broad and Equitable Access to HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Julia L. Marcus and Douglas S. Krakower 109(9), pp. 1160–1161 QUARANTINE Ensuring Compliance With Quarantine by Undocumented Immigrants and Other Vulnerable Groups: Public Health Versus Politics Immigration, Infections, Health Law, Public Health Practice, Health Policy Mark A. Rothstein and Christine N. Coughlin 109(9), pp. 1179–1183 Quarantine in the 21st Century: To Be Effective, Public Health Policies Must Be Inclusive Infections, Prevention, Health Policy, Ethics David N. Sundwall

109(9), pp. 1184–1185 American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume 101, Issue 2, 2019 http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/14761645/101/2 Perspective Piece Was the First Malaria Vaccine Tested in 1898? G. Dennis Shanks https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0275 Abstract Early trials of killed, whole-cell typhoid vaccine indicated a paradoxical, positive effect on malaria infections. British soldiers in India in 1898 reported > 90% decrease in malaria recurrences after receiving an investigational typhoid vaccine despite no intention or expectation to observe such an outcome. In the 1940s, multiple doses of

intravenous typhoid vaccine appeared to control parasitemia and limit reinfection in three syphilis patients purposefully infected with Plasmodium vivax. Several modern vaccines (against human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, and malaria) use a detoxified lipid A derived from Salmonella as an immune adjuvant. Early typhoid vaccines could

have plausibly functioned as an innate immune stimulus, leading to some protection against malaria. Annals of Internal Medicine 20 August 2019 Vol: 171, Issue 4 http://annals.org/aim/issue Editorials |20 August 2019 Not Reporting Results of a Clinical Trial Is Academic Misconduct Failure to report the results of clinical trials threatens the public's trust in research and the integrity of the medical literature, and should be considered academic misconduct at the individual and institutional levels. Joshua D. Wallach, MS, PhD; Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM 6 August 2019 Vol: 171, Issue 3 [No new digest content identified] BMC Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation http://resource-allocation.biomedcentral.com/ (Accessed 24 Aug 2019) [No new digest content identified] BMJ Global Health July 2019 - Volume 4 - 4 https://gh.bmj.com/content/4/4 [Reviewed earlier]

BMC Health Services Research http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmchealthservres/content (Accessed 24 Aug 2019) [No new digest content identified] BMC Infectious Diseases http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content (Accessed 24 Aug 2019) Research article Factors associated with vaccination completion and retention among HIV negative female sex workers enrolled in a simulated vaccine efficacy trial in Kampala, Uganda Female sex workers (FSWs) at substantial risk of HIV are potentially a suitable group for HIV prevention trials including vaccine trials. Few HIV vaccine preparatory studies have been conducted among FSWs in S... Authors: Yunia Mayanja, Andrew Abaasa, Gertrude Namale, Gershim Asiki, Matthew A. Price and Anatoli Kamali Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:725 Published on: 16 August 2019 Research article Effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination against invasive pneumococcal disease among children with and those without HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis HIV-infected children are at a higher risk of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) and its mortality, even in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, an effective vaccination strategy would be beneficial.... Authors: Hossein Molavi Vardanjani, Hodjat Borna and Ali Ahmadi Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:685 Published on: 5 August 2019 BMC Medical Ethics http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmedethics/content (Accessed 24 Aug 2019) [No new digest content identified] BMC Medicine http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmed/content (Accessed 24 Aug 2019) Research article RTS,S/AS01E immunization increases antibody responses to vaccine-unrelated Plasmodium falciparum antigens associated with protection against clinical malaria in African children: a case-control study

Vaccination and naturally acquired immunity against microbial pathogens may have complex interactions that influence disease outcomes. To date, only vaccine-specific immune responses have routinely been invest... Authors: Carlota Dobaño, Itziar Ubillos, Chenjerai Jairoce, Ben Gyan, Marta Vidal, Alfons Jiménez, Rebeca Santano, David Dosoo, Augusto J. Nhabomba, Aintzane Ayestaran, Ruth Aguilar, Nana Aba Williams, Núria Díez-Padrisa, David Lanar, Virander Chauhan, Chetan Chitnis… Citation: BMC Medicine 2019 17:157 Published on: 14 August 2019 BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpregnancychildbirth/content (Accessed 24 Aug 2019) Research article Peri-conceptional or pregnancy exposure of HPV vaccination and the risk of spontaneous abortion: a systematic review and meta-analysis To assess whether the peri-conceptional or pregnancy exposure of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination would increase the risk of spontaneous abortion. Authors: Jing Tan, Yi-quan Xiong, Qiao He, Yan-mei Liu, Wen Wang, Meng Chen, Kang Zou, Xing-hui Liu and Xin Sun Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2019 19:302 Published on: 19 August 2019 BMC Public Health http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles (Accessed 24 Aug 2019) Research article Measles seroprevalence after reactive vaccination campaigns during the 2015 measles outbreak in four health zones of the former Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of Congo Measles continues to circulate in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the country suffered from several important outbreaks over the last 5 years. Despite a large outbreak starting in the former province of ... Authors: Patrick Keating, Antonio Isidro Carrion Martin, Alexandre Blake, Pauline Lechevalier, Florent Uzzeni, Etienne Gignoux, Chibuzo Okonta, Céline Langendorf, Sheilagh Smit, Steve Ahuka, Melinda Suchard, Elizabeth Pukuta, Marie-Amélie Degail, Lisa Hansen, Jerry Kibanza-Kyungu, Iza Ciglenecki… Citation: BMC Public Health 2019 19:1153 Published on: 22 August 2019 Research article Cost-effectiveness of childhood pneumococcal vaccination program in Ethiopia: results from a quasi-experimental evaluation Ethiopia was among the 15 countries that, together accounted for 64% of the world’s severe episodes of pneumonia among children below the age of 5 in 2011. To reduce this burden, the 10-valent pneumococcal con...

Authors: Tayue Tateke Kebede, Mikael Svensson, Adamu Addissie, Birger Trollfors and Rune Andersson Citation: BMC Public Health 2019 19:1078 Published on: 9 August 2019 Research article Door – to – door immunization strategy for improving access and utilization of immunization Services in Hard-to-Reach Areas: a case of Migori County, Kenya Access to quality essential healthcare services and vaccines for all is key to achieving universal health coverage. Inequities driven by differences in place of residence and socio-economic status persist amon... Authors: Duncan N. Shikuku, Maxwell Muganda, Soudie O. Amunga, Elly O. Obwanda, Alice Muga, Thomas Matete and Paul Kisia Citation: BMC Public Health 2019 19:1064 Published on: 7 August 2019 BMC Research Notes http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcresnotes/content (Accessed 24 Aug 2019) [No new digest content identified] BMJ Open August 2019 - Volume 9 - 8 http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/current [New issue; No digest content identified] Bulletin of the World Health Organization Volume 97, Number 8, August 2019, 513-580 https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/97/8/en/ [Reviewed earlier] Child Care, Health and Development Volume 45, Issue 5 Pages: 613-771 September 2019 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/13652214/current [New issue; No digest content identified] Clinical Therapeutics July 2019 Volume 41, Issue 7, p1227-1400 http://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/current PREVENTION OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: Challenges and Opportunities to Change the Paradigm of Disease Management Edited by Kevin Dale Deane, Tsang Tommy Cheung

Clinical Trials Volume 16 Issue 4, August 2019 https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/ctja/16/4 [Reviewed earlier] Conflict and Health http://www.conflictandhealth.com/ [Accessed 24 Aug 2019] [No new digest content identified] Contemporary Clinical Trials Volume 83 Pages 1-128 (August 2019) https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/contemporary-clinical-trials/vol/83/suppl/C [Reviewed earlier] Current Genetic Medicine Reports Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2019 https://link.springer.com/journal/40142/7/2 [Reviewed earlier] Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases August 2019 - Volume 32 - Issue 4 https://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/pages/currenttoc.aspx [Reviewed earlier] Developing World Bioethics Volume 19, Issue 2 Pages: 61-122 June 2019 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14718847/current [Reviewed earlier] Development in Practice Volume 29, Issue 6, 2019 http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cdip20/current [Reviewed earlier]

Disasters Volume 43, Issue 3 Pages: 457-708 July 2019 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14677717/current [Reviewed earlier]

EMBO Reports Volume 20 Issue 8 1 August 2019 https://www.embopress.org/toc/14693178/current Science & Society 9 July 2019 Open Access A dangerous balancing act: On matters of science, a well‐meaning desire to present all views equally can be an Trojan horse for damaging falsehoods David Robert Grimes Journalistic impartiality is a laudable aim, but overly rigid application of unbiased reporting may do more harm than good. The issue of false balance in science reporting has severe consequences for health and the environment. Emerging Infectious Diseases Volume 25, Number 8—August 2019 http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/ [Reviewed earlier] Epidemics Volume 27 Pages 1-132 (June 2019) https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/epidemics/vol/27/suppl/C [Reviewed earlier] Epidemiology and Infection Volume 147 - 2019 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-infection/latest-issue [Reviewed earlier] Ethics & Human Research Volume 41, Issue 3 May-June 2019 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/25782363/2019/41/3 Research Burdens, Benefits, and Risks [Reviewed earlier] The European Journal of Public Health Volume 29, Issue 4, August 2019 https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/issue/29/4 [New issue; No digest content identified] Genome Medicine https://genomemedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles [Accessed 24 Aug 2019]

[No new digest content identified] Global Health Action Volume 11, 2018 – Issue 1 https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/zgha20/11/1?nav=tocList [Reviewed earlier]

Global Health: Science and Practice (GHSP) June 2019 | Volume 7 | Number 2 http://www.ghspjournal.org/content/current [Reviewed earlier] Global Public Health Volume 14, 2019 Issue 10 http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rgph20/current Article Re-imagining global health through social medicine Vincanne Adams, Dominique Behague, Carlo Caduff, Ilana Löwy & Francisco Ortega Pages: 1383-1400 Published online: 19 Mar 2019 ABSTRACT The conceptual and practical work done by social medicine and global health have often overlapped. In this paper, we argue that new efforts to apprehend ‘the social’ in social medicine offer important insights to global health along five lines of critical analysis: (1) reconfigurations of the state and new forms of political activism, (2) philanthrocapitalism and the economisation of life, (3) The economy of attention, (4) anthropogenic climate change, and (5) the geopolitics of North and South. Globalization and Health http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/ [Accessed 24 Aug 2019] [No new digest content identified] Health Affairs Vol. 38, No. 7 July 2019 https://www.healthaffairs.org/toc/hlthaff/current Physicians, Nurses, Disparities & More [Reviewed earlier] Health and Human Rights Volume 21, Issue 1, June 2019 https://www.hhrjournal.org/volume-21-issue-1-june-2019/

Special Section on Global Health Fieldwork Ethics and Human Rights Special Section on Invoking Health and Human Rights in the United States [Reviewed earlier] Health Economics, Policy and Law Volume 14 - Issue 4 - October 2019 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/health-economics-policy-and-law/latest-issue [New issue; No new digest content identified] Health Policy and Planning Volume 34, Issue 4, May 2019 https://academic.oup.com/heapol/issue/34/4 [Reviewed earlier] Health Research Policy and Systems http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content [Accessed 24 Aug 2019] [No new digest content identified] Humanitarian Exchange Magazine Number 75, May 2019 https://odihpn.org/magazine/communication-community-engagement-humanitarian-response/ Special Feature: Making humanitarian action work for women and girls by HPN May 2019 The theme of this edition of Humanitarian Exchange, co-edited with Women Deliver, is making humanitarian action work for women and girls. Despite gains, including commitments made at the World Humanitarian Summit, there is still much to be done to address the gendered impacts of humanitarian crises and improve gender-sensitive humanitarian action. In the lead article, Jacqueline Paul advocates for feminist humanitarian action based on evidence that improvements in women’s socio-economic status can reduce excess mortality among women after shocks. Jean Kemitare, Juliet Were and Jennate Eoomkham look at the role of local women’s rights organisations in preventing and responding to violence against women and girls, and Marcy Hersh and Diana Abou Abbas highlight opportunities for more concrete action on sexual and reproductive health in emergencies. Citing experience from Vanuatu, Jane Newnham explains how women will choose to use contraceptives even during a humanitarian response, when services and counselling are delivered in an appropriate and responsive way. Drawing on experience in Bangladesh, Tamara Fetters and colleagues challenge the belief that abortion is a non-essential service, or too complicated for humanitarian actors to provide. Darcy Ataman, Shannon Johnson, Justin Cikuru and Jaime Cundy reflect on an innovative programme using music therapy to help survivors of trauma.

Emilie Rees Smith, Emma Symonds and Lauryn Oates highlight lessons from the STAGE education programme in Afghanistan, and Degan Ali and Deqa Saleh outline how African Development Solutions is helping women and girls take on leadership and decision-making roles in Somalia. Fiona Samuels and Taveeshi Gupta explore patterns of suicide among young people in Vietnam, with a particular focus on girls, and Subhashni Raj, Brigitte Laboukly and Shantony Moli illustrate the importance of a gendered approach to community-based disaster risk reduction in the South-West Pacific. Nicola Jones, Workneh Yadete and Kate Pincock draw on research in Ethiopia to explore the gender- and age-specific vulnerabilities of adolescents. The edition ends with an article by Julie Rialet-Cislaghi on how humanitarian responses can better address child marriage. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (formerly Human Vaccines) Volume 15, Issue 7-8, 2019 http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/khvi20/current Special Issues: HPV vaccination: from seroprevalence to public health policy and everything in between [80+ articles in edition focused on NPV vaccine; sample articles be]ow] [Reviewed earlier] Infectious Agents and Cancer http://www.infectagentscancer.com/content [Accessed 24 Aug 2019] [No new digest content identified] Infectious Diseases of Poverty http://www.idpjournal.com/content [Accessed 24 Aug 2019] [No new digest content identified] International Health Volume 11, Issue 4, July 2019 http://inthealth.oxfordjournals.org/content/current [Reviewed earlier] International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Vol 6, No 7 (2019) July 2019 https://www.ijcmph.com/index.php/ijcmph/issue/view/52 [Reviewed earlier] International Journal of Epidemiology Volume 48, Issue 4, August 2019 https://academic.oup.com/ije/issue/48/4

Editorial Improving epidemiological response: lessons learnt from successive outbreaks in Nigeria Assad Hassan, Muhammad Balogun, Mahmood Dalhat, Chikwe Ihekweazu International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 48, Issue 4, August 2019, Pages 1029–1031, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyy266 Data resource profile: Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) Study Arnold S Monto, Ryan E Malosh, Richard Evans, Adam S Lauring, Aubree Gordon ... International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 48, Issue 4, August 2019, Pages 1040–1040g, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz086 Infectious Disease Evaluating vaccination policies to accelerate measles elimination in China: a meta-population modelling study Lixin Hao, John W Glasser, Qiru Su, Chao Ma, Zhilan Feng ... International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 48, Issue 4, August 2019, Pages 1240–1251, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz058 Unmasking herd protection by an oral cholera vaccine in a cluster-randomized trial Mohammad Ali, Firdausi Qadri, Deok Ryun Kim, Taufiqul Islam, Justin Im ... International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 48, Issue 4, August 2019, Pages 1252–1261, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz060 Miscellaneous Update on the global epidemiology of intussusception: a systematic review of incidence rates, age distributions and case-fatality ratios among children aged <5 years, before the introduction of rotavirus vaccination Andrew D Clark, Mateusz Hasso-Agopsowicz, Matthew W Kraus, Lisa K Stockdale, Colin F B Sanderson ... International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 48, Issue 4, August 2019, Pages 1316–1326, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz028 International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare Volume 12 Issue 3 2019 https://www.emeraldinsight.com/toc/ijhrh/12/3 [Reviewed earlier] International Journal of Infectious Diseases July 2019 Volume 84, Supplement, S1-S86 https://www.ijidonline.com/issue/S1201-9712(19)X0012-0 Dengue Fever in India: Supplement sponsored by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, and collated by the Translational Health Science and Technology Institute Edited by Gagandeep Kang, Anita Shet Open Access Building a robust ecosystem for vaccine research in India

Renu Swarup, Alka Sharma, Jyoti M. Logani S7–S9 Published online: March 14, 2019 Economic burden of dengue illness in India from 2013 to 2016: A systematic analysis Dhwani Hariharan, Manoja Kumar Das, Donald S. Shepard, Narendra Kumar Arora S68–S73 Published online: January 11, 2019 Bioethics of establishing a CHIM model for dengue vaccine development Anuradha Rose, Amrita Sekhar S74–S79 Published online: January 11, 2019 Abstract Introduction Controlled human infection models (CHIM) have been used in vaccine development to up-select and down-select potential vaccine candidates and to provide proof of vaccine efficacy, and have also been used as a basis for licensure of vaccines for cholera and typhoid by regulatory agencies. CHIM in dengue vaccines development Dengue fever results in ∼400 million infections a year and is of significant health concern

especially in India. There are currently no antivirals for the disease and the only licensed vaccine for dengue is not widely used owing to safety concerns. Controlled dengue human challenge models (DHCM) are currently being used to assess the efficacy of vaccines in development for dengue. Dengue CHIM in India Conducting CHIM studies in India especially for evaluation of dengue vaccine candidates will be hugely beneficial as the disease is endemic to India and hence the effect of pre-exposure to the virus on vaccine safety and efficacy can be established. However, to date no CHIM studies have been conducted in India and there is a need to educate ethics committee members, policy makers and the public on the importance of such studies and what they entail. JAMA August 20, 2019, Vol 322, No. 7, Pages 589-702 http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx [New issue; No digest content identified] August 6, 2019, Vol 322, No. 5, Pages 379-478 [No digest content identified] JAMA Pediatrics August 2019, Vol 173, No. 8, Pages 711-801 http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx [New issue; No digest content identified]

JBI Database of Systematic Review and Implementation Reports August 2019 - Volume 17 - Issue 8 http://journals.lww.com/jbisrir/Pages/currenttoc.aspx [New issue; No digest content identified] Journal of Adolescent Health July 2019 Volume 65, Issue 1, Supplement, S1-S52 https://www.jahonline.org/issue/S1054-139X(19)X0004-X An Investment Case to Guarantee the Rights of Adolescents Edited by Anju Malhotra Editorial Charting a Pathway to Multisectoral Investments in Adolescent Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Anju Malhotra S1–S2 Published in issue: July 2019 Commentary An Investment Case to Guarantee the Rights of Adolescents Satvika Chalasani, Danielle Engel, Howard S. Friedman, Anneka Knutsson, Jacqueline Mahon, George Patton, Susan M. Sawyer S3–S7 Published in issue: July 2019 Abstract Adolescence is a dynamic life phase with rapid physical growth and sexual development and acquisition of neurocognitive and socioemotional skills. It is in adolescence that the foundations for future health and well-being are laid; assets acquired across adolescence (such as health, social, and emotional well-being and education) have profound implications for lifelong health, well-being, life chances, and choices, as well as for a country's social and economic development [1–3]. Given adolescents' sensitivity to their environments, deliberate, well-targeted, and well-funded policies and programs designed to promote supportive, safe, learning environments can be particularly beneficial. Journal of Community Health Volume 44, Issue 4, August 2019 https://link.springer.com/journal/10900/44/4 [Reviewed earlier] Journal of Development Economics Volume 140 Pages 1-374 (September 2019) https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-development-economics/vol/140/suppl/C [Reviewed earlier]

Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics Volume 14 Issue 3, July 2019 http://journals.sagepub.com/toc/jre/current [Reviewed earlier] Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health August 2019 - Volume 73 - 8 https://jech.bmj.com/content/73/8 [Reviewed earlier] Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine Volume 12, Issue 3 Pages: 185-231 August 2019 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/17565391/current ARTICLES Twenty‐two years’ experience registering trials in a low‐middle income country: The Peruvian Clinical Trial Registry The registration of clinical trials in Peru has improved quantitatively and qualitatively since it started, but its quantitative grow stopped in 2008. Since then, the number of registries has declined steadily. There is an influence of pharmaceutical companies in clinical trial registration. Christoper A. Alarcon‐Ruiz, Joel Sack Roque‐Roque, Paula Heredia, Angie Roxana Gómez‐Briceno, Antonio M. Quispe Pages: 187-193 First Published: 18 June 2019 Journal of Global Ethics Volume 15, Issue 2, 2019 http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rjge20/current Selected papers of the 2018 meetings of International Development Ethics Association & Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée [Reviewed earlier] Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved (JHCPU) Volume 30, Number 2, May 2019 https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/40369 [Reviewed earlier] Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health Volume 21, Issue 4, August 2019 https://link.springer.com/journal/10903/21/4 [Reviewed earlier] Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies

Volume 17, 2019 Issue 3 https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/wimm20/current [Reviewed earlier] Journal of Infectious Diseases Volume 220, Issue 6, 15 September 2019 https://academic.oup.com/jid/issue/220/6 VIRUSES Editor's Choice What Is the Value of Different Zika Vaccination Strategies to Prevent and Mitigate Zika Outbreaks? Sarah M Bartsch, Lindsey Asti, Sarah N Cox, David P Durham, Samuel Randall ... The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 220, Issue 6, 15 September 2019, Pages 920–931, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy688 We simulated various vaccination strategies to mitigate Zika outbreaks in Honduras, Brazil, and Puerto Rico. While vaccinating everyone naturally averted the most cases, specifically targeting women of childbearing age or young adults was the most cost-effective and even provided cost savings. Infant Pneumococcal Carriage During Influenza, RSV, and hMPV Respiratory Illness Within a Maternal Influenza Immunization Trial Alastair F Murray, Janet A Englund, Jane Kuypers, James M Tielsch, Joanne Katz ... The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 220, Issue 6, 15 September 2019, Pages 956–960, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz212 Among influenza-positive infants, those born to mothers given influenza vaccine had lower pneumococcal carriage rates. Maternal influenza immunization may impact infant pneumococcal acquisition during influenza infection. Pneumococcal carriage did not impact lower respiratory disease rates in RSV, hMPV, or influenza. Journal of Medical Ethics July 2019 - Volume 45 - 7 http://jme.bmj.com/content/current [Reviewed earlier] Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews Volume 6, Issue 3 (2019) https://digitalrepository.aurorahealthcare.org/jpcrr/ [New issue; No digest content identified] Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (JPIDS) Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2019 https://academic.oup.com/jpids/issue [Reviewed earlier]

Journal of Pediatrics September 2019 Volume 212, p1-254 http://www.jpeds.com/current [New issue; No digest content identified] Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice https://joppp.biomedcentral.com/ [Accessed 24 Aug 2019] [No new digest content identified] Journal of Public Health Management & Practice July/August 2019 - Volume 25 - Issue 4 https://journals.lww.com/jphmp/pages/currenttoc.aspx [Reviewed earlier] Journal of Public Health Policy Volume 40, Issue 3, September 2019 https://link.springer.com/journal/41271/40/3 [New issue; No digest content identified] Journal of Refugee & Global Health Volume 2, Issue 2 (2019) https://ir.library.louisville.edu/rgh/ [Reviewed earlier] Journal of the Royal Society – Interface 6 February 2019 Volume 16Issue 151 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/toc/rsif/16/151 [Reviewed earlier] Journal of Travel Medicine Volume 26, Issue 5, 2019, https://academic.oup.com/jtm/issue/26/5 [Reviewed earlier] Journal of Virology September 2019; Volume 93,Issue 17 http://jvi.asm.org/content/current Commentary Revisiting the Correlate of Reduced HIV Infection Risk in the Rv144 Vaccine Trial

The RV144 vaccine trial is the only clinical study to have shown a modest but statistically significant decrease in HIV infection risk. RV144 and the subsequent studies identifying the level of V1V2-specific antibodies as a correlate of reduced infection risk are still controversial despite many papers supporting and expanding the initial study. The Lancet Aug 24, 2019 Volume 394Number 10199p611-708, e20-e27 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current [New issue; No digest content identified] Aug 17, 2019 Volume 394Number 10198p541-610, e6-e19 Genomic Medicine Building evidence and measuring clinical outcomes for genomic medicine Josh F Peterson, Dan M Roden, Lori A Orlando, Andrea H Ramirez, George A Mensah, Marc S Williams Summary Human genomic sequencing has potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value across a wide breadth of clinical disciplines. One barrier to widespread adoption is the paucity of evidence for improved outcomes in patients who do not already have an indication for more focused testing. In this Series paper, we review clinical outcome studies in genomic medicine and discuss the important features and key challenges to building evidence for next generation sequencing in the context of routine patient care. Aug 10, 2019 Volume 394Number 10197p443-540, e5 Comment HPV vaccines can be the hallmark of cancer prevention Silvia de Sanjose, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe Genomic medicine: time for health-care transformation Richard H Scott, Tom A Fowler, Mark Caulfield Articles Population-level impact and herd effects following the introduction of human papillomavirus vaccination programmes: updated systematic review and meta-analysis Mélanie Drolet, Élodie Bénard, Norma Pérez, Marc Brisson on behalf of the HPV Vaccination Impact Study Group More than 10 years have elapsed since human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was implemented. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of the population-level impact of vaccinating girls and women against human papillomavirus on HPV infections, anogenital wart diagnoses, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CIN2+) to summarise the most recent evidence about the effectiveness of HPV vaccines in real-world settings and to quantify the impact of multiple age-cohort vaccination. Series Genomic Medicine Opportunities, resources, and techniques for implementing genomics in clinical care

Teri A Manolio, Robb Rowley, Marc S Williams, Dan Roden, Geoffrey S Ginsburg, Carol Bult, Rex L Chisholm, Patricia A Deverka, Howard L McLeod, George A Mensah, Mary V Relling, Laura Lyman Rodriguez, Cecelia Tamburro, Eric D Green Genomic Medicine Pharmacogenomics Dan M Roden, Howard L McLeod, Mary V Relling, Marc S Williams, George A Mensah, Josh F Peterson, Sara L Van Driest Genomic Medicine Genomic medicine for undiagnosed diseases Anastasia L Wise, Teri A Manolio, George A Mensah, Josh F Peterson, Dan M Roden, Cecelia Tamburro, Marc S Williams, Eric D Green The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health Aug 2019 Volume 3Number 8p511-584, e11-e13 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/issue/current [Reviewed earlier] Lancet Digital Health Aug 2019 Volume 1Number 4e148-e192 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landig/issue/current Editorial Data without borders The Lancet Digital Health [Excerpt] …Many barriers to cross-sector data sharing have been identified by policy makers and others, including privacy concerns, restrictions on the export of patient data, and lack of access to advanced technology in limited-resource settings. Despite the challenges, there is growing evidence that cross-sector data sharing, if done carefully and transparently, will lead to improved health outcomes for populations. As such, although this could be a daunting task for governments, data sharing across sectors should be made a priority. Genuine, long-lasting government support is necessary, both in terms of political and financial commitment, if quick progress towards bridging population health and clinical medicine for better health care is to be achieved. A first step would be open communication between governments, academics, and private industries to develop unified platforms for sharing and analysis of diverse data. Lancet Global Health Aug 2019 Volume 7Number 8e979-e1146 http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current [Reviewed earlier] Lancet Infectious Diseases Aug 2019 Volume 19 Number 8 p789-914, e259-e300

http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current [Reviewed earlier] Lancet Respiratory Medicine Aug 2019 Volume 7 Number 8 p639-720, e23-e25 http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/issue/current [Reviewed earlier] Maternal and Child Health Journal Volume 23, Issue 8, August 2019 https://link.springer.com/journal/10995/23/8 [New issue; No digest content identified] Medical Decision Making (MDM) Volume 39 Issue 4, May 2019 http://mdm.sagepub.com/content/current [Reviewed earlier] The Milbank Quarterly A Multidisciplinary Journal of Population Health and Health Policy Volume 97, Issue 2 Pages: 369-619 June 2019 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14680009/current [Reviewed earlier] Nature Volume 572 Issue 7770, 22 August 2019 http://www.nature.com/nature/current_issue.html Editorial | 21 August 2019 International AI ethics panel must be independent France and Canada are establishing an international committee to advise on the ethics of artificial intelligence. The group should be supported and shielded from undue influence. Volume 572 Issue 7769, 15 August 2019 World View | 13 August 2019 Pandemic bonds: designed to fail in Ebola The World Bank’s funding scheme for disease outbreaks drained potential resources from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, says Olga Jonas. Comment | 12 August 2019 Key concepts for making informed choices Teach people to think critically about claims and comparisons using these concepts, urge Andrew D. Oxman and an alliance of 24 researchers — they will make better decisions. Jeffrey K. Aronson, Eric Barends[…] & Luke Vale

Volume 572 Issue 7768, 8 August 2019 Editorial | 07 August 2019 Scientists must rise above politics — and restate their value to society Scholars globally are feeling the heat from politicians. They should take inspiration from scientists in the 1950s who raised the alarm over nuclear weapons. Comment | 05 August 2019 Unethical work must be filtered out or flagged Researchers need guidance on how to handle published work whose ethics have been questioned, argue Graeme D. Ruxton and Tom Mulder. Nature Biotechnology Volume 37 Issue 8, August 2019 https://www.nature.com/nbt/volumes/37/issues/8 [Reviewed earlier] Nature Genetics Volume 51 Issue 8, August 2019 https://www.nature.com/ng/volumes/51/issues/8 [Reviewed earlier] Nature Medicine Volume 25 Issue 8, August 2019 https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/25/issues/8 Editorial | 06 August 2019 Seeking precision in public health ‘Precision’ in a health context is usually thought to apply to the individual and seems conceptually at odds with efforts in public health directed toward improving population-level health metrics. But are these two aims truly irreconcilable? News Feature | 21 June 2019 Rethinking herd immunity The global rise of ‘vaccine hesitancy’ is changing the landscape of disease transmission. Lynne Peeples Perspective | 06 August 2019 Genetic testing, insurance discrimination and medical research: what the United States can learn from peer countries Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon, Effy Vayena[…] & I. Glenn Cohen Nature Reviews Genetics Volume 20 Issue 8, August 2019 https://www.nature.com/nrg/volumes/20/issues/8 [Reviewed earlier]

Nature Reviews Immunology Volume 19 Issue 8, August 2019 https://www.nature.com/nri/volumes/19/issues/8 [Reviewed earlier] New England Journal of Medicine August 22, 2019 Vol. 381 No. 8 http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal Medicine and Society Human Health on an Ailing Planet — Historical Perspectives on Our Future James H. Dunk, Ph.D., David S. Jones, M.D., Ph.D., Anthony Capon, M.B., B.S., Ph.D., and Warwick H. Anderson, M.D., Ph.D. August 15, 2019 Vol. 381 No. 7 [New issue; No digest content identified] August 8, 2019 Vol. 381 No. 6 [New issue; No digest content identified] Pediatrics August 2019, VOLUME 144 / ISSUE 2 https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/144/2?current-issue=y [Reviewed earlier] Pharmaceutics Volume 11, Issue 7 (July 2019) https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/11/7 [Reviewed earlier] PharmacoEconomics Volume 37, Issue 8, August 2019 https://link.springer.com/journal/40273/37/8 Systematic Review Accounting for Capacity Constraints in Economic Evaluations of Precision Medicine: A Systematic Review Precision (stratified or personalised) medicine is underpinned by the premise that it is feasible to identify known heterogeneity using a specific test or algorithm in patient populations and to use this information to guide patient care to improve health and well-being. This study aimed to understand if, and how, previous economic evaluations of precision medicine had taken account of the impact of capacity constraints. Stuart J. Wright, William G. Newman, Katherine Payne

PLoS Genetics https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/ (Accessed 24 Aug 2019) [No new digest content identified] PLoS Medicine http://www.plosmedicine.org/ (Accessed 24 Aug 2019) [No new digest content identified] PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases http://www.plosntds.org/ (Accessed 24 Aug 2019) Research Article Vaccination coverage in the context of the emerging Yellow Fever threat in French Guiana Claude Flamand, Sarah Bailly, Camille Fritzell, Sandrine Fernandes Pellerin, Alhassane Toure, Naïssa Chateau, Mona Saout, Sébastien Linares, Fabien Dubois, Laurent Filleul, Mirdad Kazanji | published 19 Aug 2019 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007661 Editorial DR Congo and Nigeria: New neglected tropical disease threats and solutions for the bottom 40% Peter Hotez | published 08 Aug 2019 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007145 PLoS One http://www.plosone.org/ [Accessed 24 Aug 2019] Research Article Effects of maternal influenza vaccination on adverse birth outcomes: A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis Sohyun Jeong, Eun Jin Jang, Junwoo Jo, Sunmee Jang Research Article | published 14 Aug 2019 PLOS ONE https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220910 Research Article Cost-effectiveness analysis of universal varicella vaccination in Turkey using a dynamic transmission model Lara J. Wolfson, Vincent J. Daniels, Matthew Pillsbury, Zafer Kurugöl, Cuneyt Yardimci, Jeffrey Kyle, Ener Cagri Dinleyici Research Article | published 13 Aug 2019 PLOS ONE

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220921 Research Article Pneumococcal vaccination rates in immunocompromised patients—A cohort study based on claims data from more than 200,000 patients in Germany Niklas Schmedt, Julia Schiffner-Rohe, Ralf Sprenger, Jochen Walker, Christof von Eiff, Dennis Häckl Research Article | published 08 Aug 2019 PLOS ONE https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220848 Research Article BCG vaccination and tuberculosis prevention: A forty years cohort study, Monastir, Tunisia Cyrine Bennasrallah, Meriem Kacem, Wafa Dhouib, Imen Zemni, Manel Ben Fredj, Hela Abroug, Amira Djobbi, Assia Green, Samia Grira Said, Issam Maalel, Sarra Stambouli, Wafa Zhir, Hichem Bel Haj Youssef, Asma Sriha Belguith Research Article | published 05 Aug 2019 PLOS ONE https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219991 PLoS Pathogens http://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/ [Accessed 24 Aug 2019] [No new digest content identified] PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America http://www.pnas.org/content/early/ [Accessed 24 Aug 2019] [No new digest content identified] Prehospital & Disaster Medicine Volume 34 - Issue 4 - August 2019 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/prehospital-and-disaster-medicine/latest-issue [New issue; No digest content identified] Preventive Medicine Volume 125 Pages 1-80 (August 2019) https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/preventive-medicine/vol/125/suppl/C [Reviewed earlier] Proceedings of the Royal Society B 29 August 2018; volume 285, issue 1885 http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/285/1885?current-issue=y

[Reviewed earlier] Public Health Volume 173 Pages A1-A2, 1-150 (August 2019) https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/public-health/vol/173/suppl/C [Reviewed earlier] Public Health Ethics Volume 12, Issue 2, July 2019

http://phe.oxfordjournals.org/content/current [Reviewed earlier] Public Health Reports Volume 134 Issue 4, July/August 2019 https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/phrg/134/4 [Reviewed earlier] Qualitative Health Research Volume 29 Issue 11, September 2019 http://qhr.sagepub.com/content/current [New issue; No digest content identified] Research Ethics Volume 15 Issue 2, April 2019 http://journals.sagepub.com/toc/reab/current [Reviewed earlier] Reproductive Health http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content [Accessed 24 Aug 2019] [No new digest content identified] Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health (RPSP/PAJPH) http://www.paho.org/journal/index.php?option=com_content&view=featured&Itemid=101 [Reviewed earlier] Risk Analysis Volume 39, Issue 8 Pages: 1655-1865 August 2019 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15396924/current

[New issue; No digest content identified] Risk Management and Healthcare Policy https://www.dovepress.com/risk-management-and-healthcare-policy-archive56 [Accessed 24 Aug 2019] [No new digest content identified] Science 23 August 2019 Vol 365, Issue 6455 http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl Special Issue - Unraveling suicide [New issue; No digest content identified] 16 August 2019 Vol 365, Issue 6454 Policy Forum Downgrading of regulation in regenerative medicine By Douglas Sipp, Margaret Sleeboom-Faulkner Science16 Aug 2019 : 644-646 Restricted Access What should be a firm commitment to product efficacy is threatened by economic competition 09 August 2019 Vol 365, Issue 6453 In Depth Ebola veteran promises an end to Congo's epidemic By Kai Kupferschmidt Science09 Aug 2019 : 526-527 Restricted Access Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, who helped discover the virus in 1976, takes command of the year-old battle. Science Translational Medicine 21 August 2019 Vol 11, Issue 506 https://stm.sciencemag.org/ [New issue; No digest content identified] 14 August 2019 Vol 11, Issue 505 Research Articles Evaluating strategies to improve rotavirus vaccine impact during the second year of life in Malawi By Virginia E. Pitzer, Aisleen Bennett, Naor Bar-Zeev, Khuzwayo C. Jere, Benjamin A. Lopman, Joseph A. Lewnard, Umesh D. Parashar, Nigel A. Cunliffe Science Translational Medicine14 Aug 2019 Full Access Administering an additional dose of rotavirus vaccine at 9 months of age in Malawi is predicted to lead to only modest improvements in vaccine impact. Editors' Choice Broadening vaccine strategies to induce HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies

By Michelle Boyle Science Translational Medicine14 Aug 2019 Full Access Vaccination with anti-idiotype antibodies can activate and target germline B cell precursors of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies. 07 August 2019 Vol 11, Issue 504 [New issue; No digest content identified] Social Science & Medicine Volume 233 Pages 1-284 (July 2019) https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/social-science-and-medicine/vol/233/suppl/C [Reviewed earlier] Systematic Reviews https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles [Accessed 24 Aug 2019] [No new digest content identified] Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases Volume 30 Pages 1-148 (July–August 2019) https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/travel-medicine-and-infectious-disease/vol/30/suppl/C Editorial No access In the eye of the storm: Infectious disease challenges for border countries receiving Venezuelan migrants Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales, José Antonio Suárez, Alejandro Risquez, Sergio Cimerman, ... Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi Pages 4-6 Research article Abstract only A Systematic Review of therapeutic agents for the treatment of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Hisham Momattin, Anfal Y. Al-Ali, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq Pages 9-18 Research article Abstract only Yellow fever (YF) vaccination does not increase dengue severity: A retrospective study based on 11,448 dengue notifications in a YF and dengue endemic region Marina Jolli Luppe, Alice Tobal Verro, Alana S. Barbosa, Maurício L. Nogueira, ... Natal S. da Silva Pages 25-31 Tropical Medicine & International Health Volume 24, Issue 8 Pages: i-iv, 933-1030 August 2019 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/13653156/current

[Reviewed earlier] Vaccine Volume 37, Issue 36 Pages 5137-5504 (23 August 2019) https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/36 Conference report Pre-vaccination screening strategies for the use of the CYD-TDV dengue vaccine: A meeting report A. Wilder-Smith, P. G. Smith, R. Luo, C. Kelly-Cirino, D. Curry, H. Larson, A. Durbine, M. Chu, P. Tharmaphornpilasg, L.C. Ng, A. M. C. Sartorii, E. J. A. Lunai, D. J. Gubler, G. Espanal, I.K. Yoon, S. Flasche Abstract The first licensed dengue vaccine, CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia) is efficacious in seropositive individuals, but increases the risk for severe dengue in seronegative persons about two years after administration of the first dose. For countries considering the introduction of Dengvaxia, WHO recommends a pre-vaccination screening strategy whereby only persons with evidence of a past dengue infection would be vaccinated. Policy-makers need to consider the risk-benefit of vaccination strategies based on such screening tests, the optimal age to introduce the vaccine, communication and implementation strategies. To address these questions, the Global Dengue and Aedes-transmitted diseases Consortium (GDAC) organized a 3-day workshop in January 2019 with country representatives from Asia and Latin America. The meeting discussions highlighted many challenges in introducing Dengvaxia, in terms of screening test characteristics, costs of such tests combined with a 3-dose schedule, logistics, achieving high coverage rates, vaccine confidence and communication; more challenges than for any other vaccine introduction programme. A screening test would require a high specificity to minimize individual risk, and at the same time high sensitivity to maximize individual and population benefit. The underlying seroprevalence dependent positive predictive value is the best indicator for an acceptable safety profile of a pre-vaccination screening strategy. The working groups discussed many possible implementation strategies. Addressing the bottlenecks in school-based vaccine introduction for Dengvaxia will also benefit other vaccines such as HPV and booster doses for tetanus and pertussis. Levels of public trust are highly variable and context specific, and understanding of population perceptions and concerns is essential to tailor interventions, monitor and mitigate risks. Research article Abstract only Evaluation of the impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization in children by surveillance of culture-confirmed pneumococcal disease: A prospective clinical microbiological study Chih-Ho Chen, Lin-Hui Su, Hsin-Chieh Li, Mei-Hua Hsu, ... Cheng-Hsun Chiu Pages 5147-5152 Research article Open access Optimising informed consent in school-based adolescent vaccination programmes in England: A multiple methods analysis Tracey Chantler, Louise Letley, Pauline Paterson, Joanne Yarwood, ... Sandra Mounier-Jack Pages 5218-5224

Research article Abstract only A path model of psychosocial constructs predicting future Zika vaccine uptake intent Jeanine P.D. Guidry, Kellie E. Carlyle, Paul B. Perrin, Jessica G. LaRose, ... Marcus Messner Pages 5233-5241 Research article Open access Impact of vaccination delay on deaths averted by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: Modeled effects in 8 country scenarios Emily D. Carter, Yvonne Tam, Neff Walker Pages 5242-5249 Research article Open access Parental opinions towards the “No Jab, No Pay” policy in Australia Mallory J Trent, Elissa J Zhang, Abrar Ahmad Chughtai, C. Raina MacIntyre Pages 5250-5256 Research article Abstract only Has the public lost confidence in vaccines because of a vaccine scandal in China Bingfeng Han, Shuai Wang, Yongmei Wan, Jiang Liu, ... Fuqiang Cui Pages 5270-5275 Research article Open access Long-term immunogenicity of measles, mumps and rubella-containing vaccines in healthy young children: A 10-year follow-up Stephane Carryn, Muriel Feyssaguet, Michael Povey, Emmanuel Di Paolo Pages 5323-5331 Research article Open access Immunisation of migrants in EU/EEA countries: Policies and practices Cristina Giambi, Martina Del Manso, Giulia Marchetti, Kate Olsson, ... Silvia Declich Pages 5439-5451 Vaccines — Open Access Journal http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines (Accessed 24 Aug 2019) Open Access Article Procurement of Category 2 Vaccines in China by Jian-Lin Zhuang, Abram L. Wagner, Megan Laffoon, Yi-Han Lu and Qing-Wu Jiang Vaccines 2019, 7(3), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7030097 (registering DOI) - 23 August 2019 Abstract Internationally, vaccine pricing is relatively opaque, although many low- or lower-middle-income countries belong to international consortiums that jointly procure vaccines. China procures vaccines domestically, and vaccines that require payment from the public (“category 2 vaccines”), have undergone several regulatory changes over the past 15 years. This study aims to describe the vaccine procurement method changes in China since 2005 and to analyze how the procurement method impacted vaccine price. This review of vaccine procurement reforms

found that a shift to provincial-level Group Purchasing Organizations after 2016 was accompanied by an increase in most prices. There was more variability in vaccine prices across provinces for vaccines with only one supplier, and these vaccines have a higher price than what is found in United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)-supported countries. China’s current procurement system for non-mandatory vaccines leaves these vaccines costing several-fold more than in other countries, and in particular those supported by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. Exploring a variety of methods to reduce vaccine purchase prices will not only directly benefit the general population, but also the government, as they aim to implement more programs to benefit public health in a cost-effective manner. Open Access Review Moving from Empirical to Rational Vaccine Design in the ‘Omics’ Era by Mansi Sharma, Florian Krammer, Adolfo García-Sastre and Shashank Tripathi Vaccines 2019, 7(3), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7030089 - 14 August 2019 Abstract An ideal vaccine provides long lasting protection against a pathogen by eliciting a well-rounded immune response which engages both innate and adaptive immunity. However, we have a limited understanding of how components of innate immunity, antibody and cell-mediated adaptive immunity interact and function together at a systems level. With advances in high-throughput ‘Omics’ methodologies it has become possible to capture global changes in the host, at a cellular and molecular level, that are induced by vaccination and infection. Analysis of these datasets has shown the promise of discovering mechanisms behind vaccine mediated protection, immunological memory, adverse effects as well as development of more efficient antigens and adjuvants. In this review, we will discuss how systems vaccinology takes advantage of new technology platforms and big data analysis, to enable the rational development of better vaccines. Value in Health August 2019 Volume 22, Issue 8, p845-974 https://www.valueinhealthjournal.com/issue/S1098-3015(19)X0008-X HEALTH POLICY ANALYSIS An Ethical Analysis of Coverage With Evidence Development Drew Carter, Tracy Merlin, David Hunter p878–883 Published online: May 16, 2019 Abstract Sometimes a government or other payer is called on to fund a new health technology even when the evidence leaves a lot of uncertainty. One option is for the payer to provisionally fund the technology and reduce uncertainty by developing evidence. This is called coverage with evidence development (CED). Only-in-research CED, when the payer funds the technology only for patients who participate in the evidence development, raises the sharpest ethical questions. Is the patient coerced or induced into participating? If so, under what circumstances, if any, is this ethically justified? Building on work by Miller and Pearson, we argue that patients have a right to funding for a technology only when the payer can be confident that the technology provides reasonable value for money. Technologies are candidates for CED precisely because serious questions remain about value for money, and therefore patients have no right to technologies under a CED arrangement. This is why CED induces rather than coerces. The

separate question of whether the inducement is ethically justified remains. We argue that CED does pose risks to patients, and the worse these risks are, the harder it is to justify the inducement. Finally, we propose conditions under which the inducement could be ethically justified and means of avoiding inducement altogether. We draw on the Australian context, and so our conclusions apply most directly to comparable contexts, where the payer is a government that provides universal coverage with a regard for cost-effectiveness that is prominent and fairly clearly defined. SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW A Scoping Review of Investment Cases for Vaccines and Immunization Programs So Yoon Sim, Mark Jit, Dagna Constenla, David H. Peters, Raymond C.W. Hutubessy p942–952 Published online: June 10, 2019 Abstract Background Many investment cases have recently been published intending to show the value of new health investments, but without consistent methodological approaches. Objectives To conduct a scoping review of existing investment cases (using vaccines and immunization programs as an example), identify common characteristics that define these investment cases, and examine their role within the broader context of the vaccine development and introduction. Methods A systematic search was conducted from January 1980 to November 2017 to identify investment cases in the area of vaccines and immunization programs from gray literature and electronic bibliographic databases. Investment case outcomes, objectives, key variables, target audiences, and funding sources were extracted and analyzed according to their reporting frequency. Results We found 24 investment cases, and most of them aim to provide information for decisions (12 cases) or advocate for a specific agenda (9 cases). Outcomes presented fell into 4 broad categories—burden of disease, cost of investment, impact of investment, and other considerations for implementation. Number of deaths averted (70%), incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (67%), and reduction in health and socioeconomic inequalities (54%) were the most frequently reported outcome measures for impact of investment. Health system capacity (79%) and vaccine financing landscape (75%) were the most common considerations for implementation. A sizable proportion (41.4%) of investment cases did not reveal their funding sources. Conclusions This review describes information that is critical to decision making about resource mobilization and allocation concerning vaccines. Global efforts to harmonize investment cases more broadly will increase transparency and comparability. Viruses Volume 11, Issue 8 (August 2019) https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/8 Open Access Communication

Measles Elimination: Identifying Susceptible Sub-Populations to Tailor Immunization Strategies by Peter Kreidl, David Ammerer, Reinhard Würzner, Anita Luckner Hornischer, Dorothee von Laer and Wegene Borena Viruses 2019, 11(8), 765; https://doi.org/10.3390/v11080765 Received: 31 July 2019 / Revised: 14 August 2019 / Accepted: 16 August 2019 / Published: 20 August 2019 Abstract Measles elimination has been identified as a public health priority in Europe for a long time but has not yet been achieved. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends identification of susceptible sub-populations to target supplementary immunization activities. We used three different sources of information: retrospective samples investigated for measles IgG between 1997 and 2016, vaccine coverage data from the existing electronic registry for birth cohorts 2015 to 1999, and surveillance data from 2009 until 20 July 2019. We calculated susceptibility by birth cohort using seroprevalence data, adjusting vaccine coverage data with reported effectiveness (93% for the first and 97% for the second dose, respectively), and compared it with measles incidence data, aggregated by birth cohorts and districts. Susceptibility levels for persons 10–41 years (birth cohorts 2007–1976) were 10.4% and thus far above the recommended values of WHO (5%). Older birth cohorts were sufficiently protected. Districts with the highest susceptibility estimates corresponded with districts with the highest incidence rates. Birth cohorts with susceptibility levels > 10% showed a 4.7 increased relative risk of having had more than one measles case. We conclude that retrospective serosurveys are a cheap and useful approach in identifying susceptible sub-populations, especially for older birth cohorts whose coverage data remain scarce.

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From Google Scholar & other sources: Selected Journal Articles, Newsletters, Dissertations, Theses, Commentary Occupational Medicine Published: 17 August 2019 Influenza and vaccination: beliefs and practices of local authority staff D Mc Conalogue, N Verle, H Ellis, S Scott - Abstract Background Influenza causes large outbreaks every year. Professionals outside healthcare, including social care staff and non-care giving roles, have a key role in protecting their clients and sustaining operational productivity through influenza vaccination. There has been little research on non-healthcare staff working with vulnerable people and those working in non-caregiving settings regarding influenza and influenza vaccination. Aims To understand the practices, experiences, perceptions and motivations of local authority staff regarding influenza and influenza vaccination. Methods

Semi-structured focus groups were carried out with local authority staff in Gloucestershire. Transcripts were thematically analysed. Results Participants tended to perceive influenza as a serious illness, where a person had a specific risk factor or during pandemics. They did not feel vulnerable unless they had previous experience of infection or had an underlying health condition. Motivation to vaccinate was based on previous experience of influenza, where they had a close family member at risk or when working directly with vulnerable clients. Beliefs about negative side effects of the vaccine were the strongest reason for vaccine refusal. Ease of access to vaccination through on-site clinics is key to uptake. Management are perceived as key motivators or blockers to vaccine uptake. Conclusions Workers outside healthcare settings do not feel vulnerable to influenza and have low motivation to vaccinate, unless they have previous experience of infection or an underlying health condition. Vaccination programmes must proactively address workers’ beliefs and motivations to ensure their participation in flu vaccination programmes. Omega Available online 9 August 2019 Review Vaccine distribution chains in low-and middle-income countries: A literature review K De Boeck, C Decouttere, N Vandaele - Omega, 2019 Highlights :: We present an overview of the main characteristics and challenges inherent to vaccine distribution chains in low- and middle-income countries. :: An in-depth classification of the relevant OR/OM papers is provided. :: A variety of problems reported in practice receives little attention or even remains unexplored in the current OR/OM literature. :: A number of uncertainties and characteristics is not yet considered by the OR/OM community. Abstract Access to immunization varies greatly across the world. In order to increase vaccine coverage, the required vaccines need to be able to reach the targeted population. However, in low- and middle-income countries, this often turns out to be a challenging task. This article provides a literature review on vaccine distribution chains in low- and middle-income countries and consists of two main parts. The first part elaborates on the characteristics and challenges inherent to such distribution chains. In order to obtain a complete overview, both quantitative and qualitative papers are included. In the second part, relevant operations research and operations management literature is structured according to seven classification criteria: decision level, methodology, part of the vaccine distribution chain modelled, uncertainties and characteristics covered, performance measures, real-life applicability, and countries and vaccines covered. Throughout these classifications, a comparison is made between the issues reported in practice and those investigated in the operations research and operations management literature. Based on this analysis, we identify trends and conclude that several gaps exist, providing a promising avenue for future research. Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research Vol 8, No 2 (2019)

FACTORS INFLUENCING PARENTAL WILLINGNESS FOR THEIR BABY'S PARTICIPATION IN VACCINE CLINICAL TRIALS N Hanumante, D Desale, MRB Deshmukh Abstract The study was planned to determine factors influencing parental decisions to permit their baby, to participate or not, in randomized vaccine clinical trials with the aim of improving recruitment in vaccine clinical trials. This was prospective cross sectional non interventional study. Study population consisted of parents (n=125) of babies aged 6-8 weeks, A questionnaire was used which covered the basic demographic information and reasons for parents’ willingness for their baby to participate or not into clinical trials. The demographic characteristics of participating babies which were in favour of clinical trial participation were i.e. female child & successive birth order. Establishing trust with parents, counselling both parents, explaining study in detail as regards to risk/benefits, valuing their time, emerge to be the key factors for increasing participation of babies in vaccine clinical trial.

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Media/Policy Watch This watch section is intended to alert readers to substantive news, analysis and opinion from the general media and selected think tanks and similar organizations on vaccines, immunization, global public health and related themes. Media Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues CVEP is actively tracking. This section will grow from an initial base of newspapers, magazines and blog sources, and is segregated from Journal Watch above which scans the peer-reviewed journal ecology. We acknowledge the Western/Northern bias in this initial selection of titles and invite suggestions for expanded coverage. We are conservative in our outlook in adding news sources which largely report on primary content we are already covering above. Many electronic media sources have tiered, fee-based subscription models for access. We will provide full-text where content is published without restriction, but most publications require registration and some subscription level. The Atlantic http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/ Accessed 24 Aug 2019 [No new, unique, relevant content] BBC http://www.bbc.co.uk/ Accessed 24 Aug 2019 [No new, unique, relevant content] The Economist http://www.economist.com/ Accessed 24 Aug 2019 [No new, unique, relevant content]

Financial Times http://www.ft.com/home/uk Accessed 24 Aug 2019 Disease prevention Nigeria to be last African nation declared polio-free August 21, 2019 Forbes http://www.forbes.com/ Accessed 24 Aug 2019 Aug 22, 2019 No Flu Vaccines For Detained Migrant Families? Why This Is Wrong Assuming that flu viruses did not come up with this policy, here are the problems. By Bruce Y. Lee Contributor Aug 21, 2019 Missouri County Imposes Mandatory Hepatitis A Vaccines For Food Service Workers Aug 19, 2019 New Survey Shows Many People Think Their Doctors Should Refuse To See Unvaccinated Children Foreign Affairs http://www.foreignaffairs.com/ Accessed 24 Aug 2019 [No new, unique, relevant content] Foreign Policy http://foreignpolicy.com/ Accessed 24 Aug 2019 [No new, unique, relevant content] The Guardian http://www.guardiannews.com/ Accessed 24 Aug 2019 WHO Malaria will not be eradicated in near future', warns WHO Three-year review says new vaccines for eradicating disease are only 40% effective. New Yorker http://www.newyorker.com/ Accessed 24 Aug 2019 [No new, unique, relevant content] New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/ Accessed 24 Aug 2019 Opinion

Who Cares What Celebrities Think About Vaccines? Very rarely do the misguided beliefs of famous people deserve headlines. By Carolyn Kylstra By The Associated Press, Aug. 23 Opinion Ebola Could Be Eradicated — But Only if the World Works Together New treatments for Ebola and drug-resistant tuberculosis offer hope, but they won’t be successful on their own. By The Editorial Board [See Perspectives above for full text] Washington Post http://www.washingtonpost.com/ Accessed 24 Aug 2019 Urgency for vaccine grows as virus ravages China’s pigs Sam Mcneil and Candice Choi | AP · Foreign · Aug 21, 2019 Congo to use second vaccine to fight Ebola Associated Press · Foreign · Aug 19, 2019 * * * *

Think Tanks et al Brookings http://www.brookings.edu/ Accessed 24 Aug 2019 Africa in focus Health in Africa: 5 priorities for the G-7 Biarritz Summit Yvonne Mburu Monday, August 19, 2019 Center for Global Development http://www.cgdev.org/page/press-center [No new relevant content] CSIS https://www.csis.org/ Accessed 24 Aug 2019 Podcast Episode The New Landscape for Gavi 5.0 August 20, 2019 | By Nellie Bristol, Katherine Bliss Council on Foreign Relations http://www.cfr.org/ Accessed 24 Aug 2019

August 20, 2019 Democratic Republic of Congo Disinformation and Disease: Social Media and the Ebola Epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Blog Post by David P. Fidler Kaiser Family Foundation https://www.kff.org/search/?post_type=press-release Accessed 24 Aug 2019 [No new relevant content] * * * * * * * * Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review is a service of the Center for Vaccine Ethics and Policy (CVEP)/GE2P2 Global, which is solely responsible for its content, and is an open access publication, subject to the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). Copyright is retained by CVEP. CVEP is a program of the GE2P2 Global Foundation – whose purpose and mission is to advance ethical and scientific rigor in research and evidence generation for governance, policy and practice in health, human rights action, humanitarian response, heritage stewardship, education and sustainable development. The Foundation serves governments, international agencies, INGOs, civil society organizations (CSOs), commercial entities, consortia and alliances. CVEP maintains an academic affiliation with the Division of Medical Ethics, NYU School of Medicine, and an operating affiliation with the Vaccine Education Center of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia [CHOP].

Support for this service is provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; PATH, and industry resource members Janssen/J&J, Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur U.S.,Takeda, Moderna Therapeutics (list in formation), and the Developing Countries Vaccine Manufacturers Network (DCVMN).

Support is also provided by a growing list of individuals who use this membership service to support their roles in public health, clinical practice, government, NGOs and other international institutions, academia and research organizations, and industry. * * * * * * * *