vaibhav gupta autocad tutorial

INTRODUCTION

[CHAPTER 1]

VAIBHAV GUPTA

AutoCAD TUTORIALS

INTRODUCTION AutoCAD

TUTORIALS

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INTRODUCTION

The term CAD (Computer Aided Design) applies to a wide range of programs that allow the user to created drawings, plans, and designs electronically. AutoCAD is one such program and it main claim to fame is that it is relatively easy to use, it is very comprehensive in its ability to create 2D and some 3D drawings, and it is very popular. Seventy percent of the CAD users in the world use AutoCAD.

1. LIMITS Limits command is used to set size of screen.(Figure 1.1) Procedure to set limits of drawing screen by 500,500.

Command: LIMITS Enter {Invoke limits command} Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] : 0,0 Enter Specify upper right corner : 500,500 Enter Command: Z Enter {Invoke Zoom command} Specify corner of window, : A Enter {Invoke All option}

Note: Upper right corner depends upon size of drawing. To zoom (Z) screen within limits all [A] option is used.

Fig. 1.1

2. UNITS Units command is used to set units of drawing. To invoke units command type UNITS on command window and press Enter.

Drawings units dialogue box appears on screen. (Figure 1.2)

Decimal Decimal Unit format is used to create drawing in millimeter, centimeter,

decimeter, meter, hectometer, decameter and kilometer. One unit can be working at a time i.e. object can be drawn either millimeter

or centimeter or any other decimal unit.

INTRODUCTION AutoCAD

TUTORIALS

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If sizes in drawing are shown in two units then unit conversion is performed. For example if sizes are display on drawing in millimeters and centimeters and sizes are entered in millimeters in command window then enter centimeters in millimeters bu multiplying factor of 10. If sizes entered in command window in centimeters then all the millimeter sizes are entered by multiplying factor of 0.1.

Fig. 1.2

Fig. 1.3

[COORDINATE SYSTEM ]

[CHAPTER 2]

VAIBHAV GUPTA

VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

[COORDINATE SYSTEM ] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

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CHAPTER 2

COORDINATE SYSTEMS

2.1 Absolute Coordinate System : In this type of coordinate system all the points are taken from fixed position called

origin (0, 0).

Procedure to draw a rectangle of size 10x5 using absolute coordinate system. First point position is (5, 6).

Command: L Enter LINE Specify first point: 5,6 Enter Specify next point or [Undo]: 15,6 Enter Specify next point or [Undo]: 15,11 Enter Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 5,11 Enter Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 5,6 Enter Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: Esc

Fig. 2.1

Note : To draw object using absolute coordinate system -Right Click on Dynamic Input Tool (Status toolbar) go to Setting select Setting for pointer input select Absolute coordinates - ok

2.2 Relative coordinate system: In this type of coordinate system all the points are taken by considering previous

point as origin. Procedure to draw a rectangle of size 10x5 using Relative coordinate system. First

point position is arbitrary.

Command: L Enter LINE Specify first point: click point A * {a point at any specified location} Specify next point or [Undo]: @10, 0 Enter Specify next point or [Undo]: @0, 5 Enter Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-10,0Enter {negative sign for negative Xdirection} Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-5 Enter{negative sign for negative Y direction} Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: Esc

{* start point can also be specified by typing coordinates (X, Y) followed by pressing Enter}


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Fig. 2.2

2.3 Polar coordinate system: In this type of coordinate system end point is specified by distance from last point

and angle of line (which is to be drawn) from positive X axis in anti clockwise direction.

Procedure to draw a rectangle of size 10x5 using relative coordinate system. Fist point position is arbitrary

Command: L Enter LINE Specify first point: click point A Enter {a point at any specified location} Specify next point or [Undo]: @10


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2.4 From Command: From command is used to specify the end points of line/arc and centre point of circle from a particular base point.

Procedure to draw a circle whose centre point lies (25, 15) from lower left corner of a 75x55 rectangle.

Command: C Enter {invoke circle command} CIRCLE Specify center point: FROM Enter {{invoke from command} Base point: click point A {lower left corner of rectangle} : @25,15 Enter {position of centrepoint from Point A} Specify radius of circle: 10 Enter

Fig. 2.5

Exercise 2: Draw a 50 units long line whose left end point lies 10 units above the lower left corner of a square of side 50 units (Fugure 2.6)

Fig. 2.6 Fig. 2.7 Exercise 3: Draw drawing shown in figure 2.7 with from command.

[DRAW TOOLBAR]

[CHAPTER 3]

VAIBHAV GUPTA


[DRAW TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

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Different commands of Draw toolbar

Arc Commands Circle commands


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Ellipse Commands Point Commands


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CHAPTER 3

DRAW TOOLBAR

3.1 Line command (L) Line is specified either by position of the end point coordinates (X, Y) as used in chapter-2 or by direct clicking of start point and then length (sometimes along with angle) or combination of both. As engineering drawings are available with various sizes of part so one of the best ways of drawing a line is by giving direction to cursor.

Procedure to draw a rectangle of size 50x25 whose lower left corner lies at (5, 6)by giving direction to cursor.

Command: L Enter {invoke line command} LINE Specify first point: 5, 6 Enter (coordinates for start point) Specify next point or [Undo]: 50 Enter (press F8 to make ortho mode on)

(Give rightward direction to cursor) Specify next point or [Undo]: 25 Enter (Give upward direction to cursor) Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 50 Enter (Give leftward direction to cursor) Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 25 Enter (Give downward direction to cursor) Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: Esc

Fig.-3.1 Options:

3.5.1. Close [C] This option is used to join first point of line string consisting of three or more than three lines to end point for creating a loop.

Fig.-3.2

After reaching endpoint with line command, type C and press Enter, loop will be generated.


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3.5.2. Undo [U] This option is used in case of mistake. Use of this option brings end point of line to the previous end point. In between line command if mistake occur due to entering wrong parameters or selecting wrong point type U and then Press Enter to undone mistake.

Fig.-3.3 3.2 Arc Command (A)

3.2.1 3-Point Arc is drawn by specifying start, middle and end point of arc.

Procedure to draw 3-Point arc. Invoke 3-Point arc command from Draw toolbar or type A and press Enter.

Specify points 1, 2 and 3. Points can be selected in clockwise or anti clockwise direction.

Fig.-3.4

3.2.2 Start, Centre, End As arc is a part of circle, it is drawn by specifying the start, centre and end point of arc.

Procedure to draw an arc which lies at left side of a rectangle as shown in figure 3.6. Invoke start, centre, end arc tool from draw toolbar. Click point 1 as start point of arc. Click midpoint of line (point 2) as centre point. Click point 3 as end point of arc.


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Fig.-3.5 Fig.-3.6

3.2.3 Start, Centre, Angle Arc is specified by start point, centre point and angle included in arc in anticlockwise direction.

Fig.-3.7 Fig.-3.8

Procedure to draw an arc which lies at left side of a rectangle as shown in figure 3.8. Invoke start, centre, angle arc tool from draw toolbar. Click point 1 as start point of arc. Click midpoint of line (point 2) as centre point. Specify angle as type 180 and Enter.

3.2.4 Start, Centre, Length Arc is specified by start point, centre point and length of chord included in arc in anti-clockwise direction.

Fig.-3.9 Fig.-3.10


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Procedure to draw an arc which lies at left side of a rectangle as shown in figure 3.10.

Invoke start, centre, length arc tool from draw toolbar. Click point 1 as start point of arc. Click midpoint of line (point 2) as centre point. Specify chord length as type 50 and Enter.

3.2.5 Start, End, Angle Arc is specified by start point, end point and angle included in arc in anticlockwise direction.

Fig.-3.11 Fig.-3.12


Invoke start, end, angle arc tool from draw toolbar. Click point 1 as start point of arc. Click point 2 as end point of arc. Specify angle of arc as type 180 and Enter.

3.2.6 Start, End, Direction Arc is specified by start point, end point and direction of tangent line from start point.

Fig.-3.13 Fig.-3.14


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Procedure to draw an arc which lies at left side of a rectangle as shown in figure 3.14. Invoke start, end, direction arc tool from draw toolbar. Click point 1 as start point of arc. Click point 2 as end point of arc. Direction of tangent line is specified either by typing 0 and pressing Enter or

by direct clicking in positive X direction.

3.2.7 Start, End, radius Arc is specified by start point, end point and radius of arc.

Fig.-3.15 Fig.-3.16


Invoke start, end, radius arc tool from draw toolbar. Click point 1 as start point of arc. Click point 2 as end point of arc. Specify radius of arc by typing 25 and pressing Enter.

3.2.8 Centre, Start, End As arc is a part of circle, it is drawn by specifying the centre, start and end point of arc.

Fig.-3.17 Fig.-3.18


Invoke centre, start, end arc tool from draw toolbar. Click midpoint of line (point 1) as centre point. Click point 2 as start point of arc. Click point 3 as end point of arc.


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3.2.9 Centre, start, Angle Arc is specified by centre point, start point and angle included in arc in anti-clockwise direction.

Fig.-3.19 Fig.-3.20


Invoke centre, start, angle arc tool from draw toolbar. Click midpoint of line (point 1) as centre point.. Click point 2 as start point of arc. Specify angle of arc as type 180 and Enter.

3.2.10 Centre, start, length Arc is specified by centre point, start point and chord length of arc.

Fig.-3.21 Fig.-3.22


Invoke centre, start, length arc tool from draw toolbar. Click midpoint of line (point 1) as centre point.. Click point 2 as start point of arc. Specify chord length of arc as type 50 and Enter.


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3.2.11 Continue With this command an arc can be drawn immediately after line or arc command.

Fig.-3.23 Fig.-3.24

Procedure to draw an arc whose start point lies at end point b of line ab and length of arc is 50 units.

Draw a line ab using line command from draw toolbar. Invoke continue arc command from draw toolbar. Move cursor in vertically upward direction. Type length 50 and press Entre.

3.3 Circle Command (C)

3.3.1 Centre, Radius Circle is drawn by specifying the centre point and radius of circle

Fig.-3.25 Fig.-3.26

Procedure to draw a circle of 10 units radius whose centre point coordinates are (25,20) as shown in figure 3.26.

Invoke centre, radius circle command from draw toolbar. Specify centre point by typing 25,20 and pressing Enter. Specify radius of circle by typing 10 and pressing Enter

3.3.2 Centre, Diameter Circle is drawn by specifying the centre point and diameter of circle


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Fig.-3.27 Fig.-3.28

Procedure to draw a circle of 20 units diameter whose centre point coordinates are (25,20) as shown in figure 3.28.

Invoke centre, diameter circle command from draw toolbar. Specify centre point by typing 25,20 and pressing Enter. Specify diameter of circle by typing 20 and pressing Enter.

3.3.3 2-Point Circle is drawn by specifying two points lies at diametrically opposite points on its circumference.

Fig.-3.29 Fig.-3.30

Procedure to draw a circle which lies at end points of line ab15 units length and inclined at 450 to X-axis shown in figure 3.29.

Draw line ab using polar coordinate system. Invoke 2-point circle command from draw toolbar. Select end points of line ab (point a and b).

Fig.-3.31 Fig.-3.32


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Note: 2-point circle command is basically used when position of one of the quadrants is given in drawing in place of position of centre point (Figure 3.31). Diameter of circle is specified instead of radius in 2-point circle command.

Procedure to draw a circle of radius 6.5 whose left quadrant lies at end point d of straight line cd shown in figure 3.32.

Draw line using line command. Invoke 2-point circle command from draw toolbar. Select (click) end point d of line cd. Move cursor to rightward direction (Ortho mode ON). Type length 13 and press Enter.

3.3.4 3-Point Circle is drawn by specifying any three points on the circumference of circle (Figure 3.33).

Fig.-3.33 Fig.-3.34

Procedure to draw a circle lies at corner points 1, 2 and 3 of a triangle shown in figure 3.34.

Draw free hand sketch of triangle using line or polygon command. Invoke 3-point circle command from draw toolbar. Specify (click) corner points 1, 2 and 3 of triangle.

3.3.5 Tan, Tan, Radius Circle is drawn by specifying two tangent lines and radius of circle (Figure 3.35).

Fig.-3.35 Fig.-3.36


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Procedure to draw a circle of radius 3 units and lies on slant edges a and b of M Block shown in figure 3.36.

Draw M Block with accurate size using line command. Invoke Tan, Tan, Radius circle command from draw toolbar. Specify (click) line a and b as tangent line. Specify radius by typing 3 and pressing Enter.

3.3.6 Tan, Tan, Tan Circle is drawn by specifying three tangent lines lies at circle (Figure 3.37).

Fig.-3.37 Fig.-3.38

Procedure to draw a circle lies at three sides a, b and c of a triangle shown in figure 3.38.

Draw triangle using line or polygon command. Invoke Tan, Tan, Tan circle command from draw toolbar. Specify (click) sides a, b and c of triangle as tangent line.

3.4 Ellipse Command (EL)

3.4.1 Centre Ellipse is drawn by specifying position of centre point, first and second radius (Figure 3.39).

Fig.-3.39 Fig.-3.40


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Procedure to draw an ellipse whose centre point lies at (20,30), major radius is 10 units and minor radius is 6 units shown in figure 3.40.

Invoke centre ellipse command from draw toolbar. Specify centre point by typing 25, 30 and pressing Enter. Specify radius-1 by typing 10 and pressing Enter (move cursor to

rightward direction). Specify radius-2 by typing 6 and pressing Enter (move cursor to

upward direction).

3.4.2 Axis, End Ellipse is drawn by specifying three points lying at the periphery of ellipse. The first two points of the ellipse determine the location and length of the first axis. The third point determines the distance between the centre of the ellipse and the end point of the second axis (Figure 3.41).

Fig.-3.41 Fig.-3.42

Procedure to draw an ellipse start from point (10, 20), distance-1 is 10 units and distance-2 is 3 units shown in figure 3.42.

Invoke Axis, End ellipse command from draw toolbar. Specify start point by typing 10, 20 and pressing Enter. Specify distance-1 by typing 10 and pressing Enter (move cursor to

rightward direction). Specify distance-2 by typing 3 and pressing Enter (move cursor to

upward direction).

3.4.3 Elliptical Arc Elliptical arc is drawn by specifying three points lying at the periphery of ellipse and position of start angle and end angle in anti clockwise direction (Figure 3.43).

Fig.-3.43 Fig.-3.44


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Procedure to draw an ellipse start from point (20, 10), distance-1 is 10 units, distance-2 is 3 units, start angle is 200 and end angle is 1050 shown in figure 3.44.

Invoke Elliptical arc command from draw toolbar. Draw ellipse by following the same process as that for Axis, End

ellipse. Specify start angle by typing 20 and pressing Entre. Specify end angle by typing 150 and pressing Entre.

3.5 Polyline Command (PL) Polyline is a number of line segments or arc or the combination of both connected end to end and considered as a single object. Whole object made of polyline is selected by selecting a line or an arc (Figure 3.45, 3.46).

Fig.-3.45 Fig.-3.46

Fig.-3.47

Procedure to draw a rectangle of size 50x25 as shown in figure 3.47, whose lower left corner lies at (5, 6) using polyline command. Command: P L Enter {invoke polyline command} LINE Specify first point: 5, 6 Enter (coordinates for start point) Specify next point: 50 Enter (press F8 to make ortho mode on)

(Give rightward direction to cursor) Specify next point: 25 Enter (Give upward direction to cursor) Specify next point: 50 Enter (Give leftward direction to cursor) Specify next point: 25 Enter (Give downward direction to cursor) Specify next point: Esc Options:

3.5.1. Length [L] It is default option. The objects shown in figure 3.45, 3.46 and 3.47 are drawn by Length option.


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3.5.2. Arc [A] This option is used to draw object consisting of lines and arcs.

Fig.-3.48 Procedure to draw an oval blank of size shown in figure 3.48 using polyline

command. Command: PL Enter Specify start point: 10, 20 Enter Specify next point: 10 Enter {move cursor to rightward direction} Specify next point: A Enter {invoke arc option} Specify endpoint of arc: 10 Enter {move cursor to upward direction} Specify endpoint of arc: L Enter {invoke length option} Specify next point: 10 Enter {move cursor to leftward direction} Specify next point: A Enter {invoke arc option} Specify endpoint of arc: 10 Enter {move cursor to downward direction} Specify endpoint of arc: Esc

3.5.3. Width [W] This option is used to increase width of polyline.

Fig.-3.49

Fig.-3.50


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Procedure to draw a square of 25units sides having width of line is 2 units Command: PL Enter Specify start point: 10, 20 Enter Specify next point: W Enter {invoke width option} Specify starting width: 2 Enter Specify ending width: 2 Enter Specify next point: 25 Enter {move cursor to rightward direction} Specify next point: 25 Enter {move cursor to upward direction} Specify next point: 25 Enter {move cursor to leftward direction} Specify next point: C Enter {invoke close option}

3.5.4. Halfwidth [H] This option is used to increase half width of polyline (Figure 3.51).

Fig.-3.51

Fig.-3.52

Procedure to draw a square of 25units sides having halfwidth of line is 2 units as shown in fig-3.52. Command: PL Enter Specify start point: 10, 20 Enter Specify next point: H Enter {invoke halfwidth option} Specify starting width: 2 Enter Specify ending width: 2 Enter Specify next point: 25 Enter {move cursor to rightward direction} Specify next point: 25 Enter {move cursor to upward direction} Specify next point: 25 Enter {move cursor to leftward direction} Specify next point: C Enter {invoke close option}

3.5.5. Close [C] This option is used to join first point of line segment (consisting of three or more than three lines) to end point, for creating a loop.

3.5.6. Undo [U] This option is used in case of mistake.


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3.6 Rectangle Command (REC) This command is used to make rectangle made of polyline by specifying the location of diagonally opposite corner points .

Fig.-3.53

Procedure to draw a rectangle of size 50x25 as shown in figure 3.53, whose lower left corner lies at (5, 6). Command: REC Enter Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: 5,6 Enter Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: @50,25 Enter

Options: 3.6.1. Chamfer [C]

This option is used to draw chamfer at all the four corner of rectangle by specifying first and second chamfer distance (Figure 3.54).

.

Fig.-3.54 Fig.-3.55

Procedure to draw a rectangle of size 50x25 as shown in figure 3.55, whose lower left corner lies at (20,10)and first and second chamfer distances are 5 units. Command: REC Enter {invoke rectangle command} Specify first corner point: C Enter {invoke chamfer option} Specify first chamfer distance for rectangles : 5 Enter Specify second chamfer distance for rectangles : 5 Enter Specify first corner point: 20, 10 Enter Specify other corner point: @50, 25 Enter


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3.6.2. Elevation [E] This option is used to specify the elevation of rectangle.

3.6.3. Fillet [F] This option is used to draw fillet at all the four corner of rectangle by specifying fillet radius (Figure 3.56).

.

Fig.-3.55 Fig.-3.56

Procedure to draw a rectangle of size 50x25 as shown in figure 3.55, whose lower left corner lies at (20,10)and radius of fillet is 5 units. Command: REC Enter {invoke rectangle command} Specify first corner point: F Enter {invoke Fillet option} Specify fillet radius for rectangles : 5 Enter Specify first corner point: 20, 10 Enter Specify other corner point: @50, 25 Enter

3.6.4. Thickness [T] This option is used to draw rectangle of required thickness in Z direction (Figure 3.57).

Fig.-3.57 Fig.-3.58

Procedure to draw a rectangle of size 50x25 as shown in figure 3.58, whose lower left corner lies at (20,10)and thickness is 5 units. Command: REC Enter {invoke rectangle command} Specify first corner point: T Enter {invoke thickness option} Specify thickness for rectangles : 5 Enter Specify first corner point: 20, 10 Enter Specify other corner point: @50, 25 Enter


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3.6.5. Width [W] This option is used to draw rectangle of required line width (Figure 3.59).

Fig.-3.59

Procedure to draw a rectangle of size 50x25 as shown in figure 3.58, whose lower left corner lies at (20,10)and width is 1 unit.. Command: REC Enter {invoke rectangle command} Specify first corner point: W Enter {invoke width option} Specify line width for rectangles : 1 Enter Specify first corner point: 20, 10 Enter Specify other corner point: @50, 25 Enter

3.6.6. Area [A] This option is used to draw rectangle of required area and length or width (Figure 3.60).

Fig.-3.60 Fig.-3.61

Procedure to draw a rectangle of area 500 square units and length of 30 units as shown in figure 3.61, whose lower left corner lies at (20,10). Command: REC Enter {invoke rectangle command} Specify first corner point: 20, 10 Enter Specify other corner point: A Enter {invoke Area option} Enter area of rectangle in current units : 500 Enter Calculate rectangle dimensions based on [Length/Width] : L Enter Enter rectangle length : 20 Enter

3.6.7. Dimension [D] This option is used to draw rectangle of required length and width (Figure 3.62).


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Fig.-3.62 Fig.-3.63 Procedure to draw a rectangle of length 20 units and width 10 units, coordinates for

lower left corner is (20,10) and rectangle lies in first quadrant with respect to first corner.

Command: REC Enter {invoke rectangle command} Specify first corner point: 20, 10 Enter Specify other corner point: D Enter {invoke dimension option} Specify length for rectangles : 20 Enter Specify width for rectangles : 10 Enter Specify other corner point: click on screen at specified location with respect to first corner

3.6.8. Rotation [R] This option is used to draw a rectangle which is inclines at particular angle with respect to X-axis.

Fig.-3.64 Fig.-3.65

Procedure to draw a rectangle of length 30 units and width 20 units, coordinates for lower left corner is (20, 10) and rectangle lies at an angle of 450 with respect to horizontal axis. Command: REC Enter {invoke rectangle command} Specify first corner point: 20, 10 Enter Specify other corner point: R Enter {invoke rotation option} Specify rotation angle or [Pick points] : 45 Enter Specify other corner point: @30, 20 Enter


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3.7 Hatch Command (H, BH) This command is used to show sectional area in sectional view of drawing (Figure 3.66 and 3.67)

Fig.-3.66 Fig.-3.67

Different patterns for sectioning are used depend upon material of object. The materials used in most of the fabrication industries are steel and cast iron so the pattern used for these materials is shown in figure 3.66. Same way there are different material patterns for brick, concrete etc (Figure 3.68).

Fig.-3.68

Procedure to section the object shown in figure 3.66 using Hatch command. H Enter or BH Enter or invoke Hatch command from Draw toolbar. Hatch and gradient dialogue box appear. Select pattern Select add pick point button at top right side of dialogue box.

Click an arbitrary point enclosed by the boundary to be hatched as shown in figure 3.66. Select preview Press Enter for ok or press Esc in order to make some adjustment.

Adjustment a. Angle: when two different parts are assembled the angle of hatched is

to be changed (Figure 3.69) b. Scale: Scale of hatch may increase or decrease based on the size of

drawing. c. Remove boundaries: used to remove undesired hatch area shown in

figure 3.70.


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Fig.-3.69 Fig.-3.70

3.8 Spline Command (SPL) This command is used to draw various profiles in drawing shown in figure 3.71.

Fig.-3.71

Fig.-3.72

Procedure to draw profile for a pot shown in figure 3.72. Command: SPL Enter {invoke spline command} Specify first point or [Object]: select point 1 Specify next point: select point 2 Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] : select point 3 Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] : select point 4 Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] : Enter Specify start tangent: Enter Specify end tangent: Enter


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3.9 Polygon Command (Pol) This command is used to draw polygon like pentagon, hexagon, octagon etc by specifying numbers of sides and centre point, radius of circle (Figure 3.73). The polygon drawn is right regular polygon i.e. all sides is equal.

Fig.-3.73 Fig.-3.74

Procedure to draw a hexagon shown in figure 3.74, position of centre point is (35, 20) and radius 15 units. Command: POL Enter {invoke polygon command} Enter number of sides : 6 Enter Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: 35, 20 Enter Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] : I Enter Specify radius of circle: 15 Enter (move cursor to rightward direction)

Options 3.9.1. Inscribed in circle: Polygon is drawn inside the circle (Figure 3.75) 3.9.2. Circumscribed about circle: Polygon is drawn outside the circle (Figure3.76)

Fig.-3.75 Fig.-3.76

3.9.3. Edge: Sometimes position of centre point and radius of circle is not known then polygon is drawn by specifying the position of end point and length of edge (Figure 3.77).


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Fig.-3.77 Fig.-3.78 Procedure to draw an octagon shown in figure 3.78, position of end point is (10,5)

and length of edge is 5 units. Command: POL Enter {invoke polygon command} Enter number of sides : 8 Enter Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: E Enter {invoke edge option} Specify first endpoint of edge: 10,5 Enter Specify second endpoint of edge: 5 Enter {move cursor to rightward Direction}

3.10 Construction Line, X Line (XL) This command is used to draw line whose length lies at infinity.

Fig.-3.79 Procedure to draw construction lines which are inclined at 30o, 600 and 1200 to X

axis and intersecting point is (20, 10)(Figure 3.79). Command: XL Enter {invoke construction line command}

Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: 20,10 Enter Specify through point:


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3.11 Ray (XL) This command is used to draw line star at a point and continue to infinity.

Fig.-3.80

Procedure to draw rays which are inclined at 30o, 600 and 1200 to X axis and start point lies at (20, 10) (Figure 3.80), Command: RAY Enter {invoke ray command} Specify start point: 20,10 Enter Specify through point: `


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3.12.2 Divide (DIV) This command is used to divide line/arc into equal numbers of segment (Figure 3.82).

Fig.-3.82 Fig.-3.83

Procedure to divide a line of 20 units length started from (2, 5) into five equal segments as shown in figure 3.83.

Draw line with parameters given above using line command Command: DIV Enter {invoke divide command} Select object to divide: select line Enter the number of segments or [Block]: 5 Enter

3.12.3 Measure (ME) This command is used to divide line/arc into numbers of segment by specifying length of segment (Figure 3.84).

Fig.-3.84

Procedure to divide a line of 20 units length started from (2, 5) into segments of length 4 units.

Draw line with parameters given above using line command Command: ME Enter {invoke measure command} Select object to measure: select line Specify length of segment or [Block]: 4 Enter

3.13 Gradient (H, BH) This command is used to fill the closed region or closed boundary in one or two shades of colours (Figure 3.85).

Fig. 3.85 Procedure to shade the object shown in figure 3.85 using gradient command.

H Enter or BH Enter or invoke Gradient command from Draw toolbar. Hatch and gradient dialogue box appear Select gradient tab from top left of the dialogue box.


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Select pattern and colors Select add pick point button at top right side of dialogue box.

Click an arbitrary point enclosed by the boundary to shade as shown in figure 3.85 Select preview Press Enter for ok or press Esc in order to make some adjustment.

3.14 Boundary (BOUNDARY) This command is used make polyline loop or region of area enclosed by the picked point (Figure 3.86).

Fig. 3.86

Procedure to region object shown in figure 3.86 using boundary command. Invoke boundary command from draw toolbar. Boundary creation dialogue box appear. Select pick point from top left of the dialogue box.

Click internal point enclosed by area to region shown in figure 3.85 and press Enter.

3.15 Region (REG) This command is used convert closed loop object into region.

Fig. 3.87

Procedure to region object shown in figure 3.87 using region command. Invoke region command from draw toolbar. Select objects to convert into region and press Enter.

3.16 Revision Cloud (REVCOUD) This command is used to draw a cloud region. Its application involves to show detailing of small size portion of drawing.


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Fig. 3.88

Procedure to cloud around object shown in figure 3.88 Invoke revision cloud command from draw toolbar.

Click start point for cloud. Move cursor around object and join it to start point.

Options : 3.16.1 Arc [A]: Used to Change length of arc (Figure 3.89 (a)). 3.16.2 Object [O]: Used to Convert object into cloud (Figure 3.89 (b)) 3.16.3 Style [S]: Used to Change cloud style to normal or calligraphy (Figure 3.8(c))

(a) (b) (c) Fig. 3.89

3.17 Wipeout (REVCOUD) This command is used to hide object or part of object.

Fig. 3.90 Procedure to wipeout object shown in figure 3.90.

Invoke wipeout cloud command from draw toolbar. Click points for polygon 1, 2 3 and 4 Press Enter.


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Options : 3.17.1 Frame [F]: Used to on off frame (Figure 3.91). 3.17.2 Polyline [P]: Used to convert polyline object into wipeout frame (Figure

3.91).

Fig. 3.91 3.18 Donut Command (DO)

This command is used to draw donut shape in drawing by specifying inside and outside diameter and position of centre point (Figure 3.92).

Fig. 3.92 Fig. 3.93

Procedure to draw donut of 2 units inside and 5 units outside diameter, centre point lies at (10, 10) (Figure 3.93). Command: DO Enter {invoke donut command} Specify inside diameter of donut : 2 Enter Specify outside diameter of donut : 5 Enter Specify center of donut or : 10, 10 Enter


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EXPRESS MENU

3.19 Break Line Symbol (BREAKLINE) This command is used to draw break line symbol for short and long conventional break.

Fig. 3.94 Procedure to draw breakline as shown in figure 3.94.

Invoke breakline symbol command from draw toolbar of express menu. Click First and second point for breakline Press Enter.

Options : 3.19.1 Block [B]: Insert breakline from block. 3.19.2 Size [S]: Change breakline size. 3.19.3 Extension [E]: Change extension distance.

3.20 Super Hatch (SUPERHATCH) This command is used for hatching block, external reference, image or wipeout as hatch pattern.

Fig. 3.95 Procedure to fill image into a rectangle shown in figure 3.95 with super hatch

command. Draw rectangle using rectangle command. Invoke super hatch command from draw toolbar of express menu. Super hatch dialogue box appear. Select image as pattern type. Give address of image. Click Open Click Ok in attach image dialogue box

Specify insertion point by clicking lower left corner of rectangle. Specify scale factor {any number or by creating window on screen}. Click Yes to accept the placement of image. Specify internal point enclosed by the boundary to fill Press Enter.


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Fig. 3.96 Fig. 3.97

Procedure to fill block into a rectangle shown in figure 3.96 with super hatch command.

Draw object shown in figure 3.96 and make its block using block command. Draw rectangle of any size using rectangle command. Invoke super hatch command from draw toolbar of express menu. Super hatch dialogue box appear. Select Block as pattern type. Give name of block in super hatch insert dialogue box. Click Ok. Specify insertion point by clicking lower left corner of rectangle.

Specify X scale factor {for actual size type 1 and press Enter}. Specify Y scale factor {for actual size type 1 and press Enter}. Specify rotation angle as type 0 and press Enter {or chose any specified angle} Click Yes to accept the placement of image. Specify internal point enclosed by the boundary to fill Specify block by selecting lower left or upper right corner of block. Press Enter Specify internal point enclosed by the boundary to fill Press Enter.

[MODIFY TOOLBAR]

[CHAPTER 4]

VAIBHAV GUPTA

AutoCAD TUTORIALS

[MODIFY TOOLBAR] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

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CHAPTER 4

MODIFY TOOLBAR

4.1 Move command (M) This command is used to move object from one location to another through base point or in a specified distance and in a specified direction.

Procedure to move object shown in figure 4.1 to another point (60, 45) where the centre of the circle lies.. Command: M Enter {invoke Move command} Select objects: select circle and centre lines shown in figure 4.1 Specify base point or [Displacement] : click centre point O Specify second point or


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Note: The procedure used for copy object is same as that of to move. The only difference is in move command source object is erased.

Exercise 1: Copy bored holes shown in figure 4.2 to CRS 60 units.

Fig.-4.2 4.3 Rotate command (RO)

This command is used to rotate object to a specified angle. Angle of rotation must be taken in anticlockwise direction with respect to positive X-axis through base point.

Procedure to rotate rectangle of size 30X20 units to 450 through lower left corner (Figure 4.3). Command: RO Enter {invoke rotate command} Select objects: select rectangle Enter

Specify base point: Select lower left corner of rectangle Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] : 45 Enter

Fig.-4.3

Procedure to Rotate hand lever shown in figure 4.4 along line ab. Command: RO Enter {invoke rotate command} Select objects: select hand lever Enter

Specify base point: Select Centre of left ball as base point* Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] : click anywhere along line ab *The process is mostly used when angle of line about which object is to rotate is not known.

Base point must be point of engagement of object and line along which object is ti rotate.


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Fig. 4.4 Options:

4.3.1 Copy [C] With this option source object do not erase. Procedure to rotate triangle to 450 through lower left corner (Figure 4.5).

Command: RO Enter {invoke rotate command} Select objects: select triangle Enter

Specify base point: Select lower left corner of rectangle Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] : C Enter {invoke copy option} Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] : 45 Enter

Fig. 4.5 4.3.2 Reference [R]

With this option object can rotate at specified angle w.r.to X or Y axis (both positive and negative) (Figure 4.6).

Fig. 4.6 (Ortho mode ON)


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Exercise 2: Rotate Screw shown in figure 4.7 to 900.

Fig. 4.7

4.4 Stretch command (S) This command is used to stretch object to a specified distance.

Procedure to stretch rectangle from 30units length to 40 units length (Figure 4.8). Command: S Enter {invoke stretch command}

Select objects: Select point1 Select objects: Select Point 2 Enter Specify base point: click anywhere around object to stretch {Ortho mode ON} Specify second point: 10 Enter {give rightward direction to cursor}

Fig. 4.8 Exercise 3: Stretch Screw shown in figure 4.7 from 20 units threaded length to 40 units length.

4.5 Scale command (SC) This command is used to increase or decrease size of drawing as par scale factor.

Procedure to scale Rectangle shown in figure 4.3 by twice of its size. Command: SC Enter {invoke scale command} Select objects: select rectangle Enter

Specify base point: Select lower left corner of rectangle Specify Scale Factor or [Copy/Reference] : 2 Enter

4.6 Offset command (SC) This command is used to draw similar line, arc, circle and rectangle at an offset of specified distance sown in figure 4.9.


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Fig. 4.9 Procedure to offset an object..

Invoke offset command from modify toolbar. Specify offset distance and press Enter. Select object to offset Give offset direction by moving cursor to left, right, above or below the

object Click anywhere in that direction.

4.7 Mirror command (MI) Mirror command is basically used in case of symmetry. This command is used to draw mirror image of object w.r.to mirror line (Axis of symmetry).

Fig. 4.10 Procedure to mirror the profile of a pot shown in figure 4.10.

Invoke mirror command from modify toolbar. Select profile of pot and press Enter.

Specify any two points lie on mirror line. Press N to not to erase source object and Enter.

4.8 Trim (TR) It is used to remove unwanted portion of line, arc, circle etc. w.r.to specified cutting edge.

Fig. 4.11


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Procedure to trim an object shown in figure 4.11. Invoke trim command from modify toolbar. Select Cutting edge* (line 1 and line 2) and press Enter.

Select portion of object to trim.

Note: *By simply pressing Enter instead of selecting cutting edge, whole object is selected as a cutting edge. Those objects which are not cut by cutting edge line cannot be trimmed.

Exercise 4: Draw object shown in figure 4.12 using line, offset and trim commands. Exercise 5: Mirror table shown in figure 4.13..

Fig.- 4.12 Fig.- 4.13 4.9 Extend (EX)

It is used to extend end of line, arc or polyline up to other specified object.

Fig. 4.14

Procedure to trim an object shown in figure 4.14. Invoke extend command from modify toolbar. Select line 1 and line 2 and press Enter. Select end of objects to extend.

4.10 Erase (E)


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It is used to erase specified objects. Procedure to Erase objects.

Invoke Erase command from modify toolbar. Select objects to erase and press Enter

4.11 Explode (X) It is used to convert polyline objects or loops into line and/or arc components of object or loops.

Procedure to explode an object. Invoke explode command from modify toolbar. Select polyline object to explode and press Enter

4.12 Array (AR) Array command is used to copy object in a specified pattern.

4.12.1 Rectangular Array It is used to copy object within specified rows and column (Figure 4.15). Procedure to Array square of size 10X10 units in 3 Rows and 4 column, rows offset is

20 units and column offset is 15 units (Figure 4.16). Draw a square of 10 units side using rectangle command Invoke array command from modify toolbar.

Array dialogue box appear on screen. Select rectangular array tab. Click select object placed at top right corner of dialogue box. Select square and press Enter. Fill numbers of rows by 3 and numbers of column by 4. Fill rows offset by 20 and column offset by 15. Specify angle of array by 0. Select preview.

Press Enter if ok otherwise press Esc to return to dialogue box.

Fig. 4.15 Fig. 4.16 Procedure to Array circle of diameter 5 units in 2 Rows and 2 columns, rows offset is

20 units and column offset is 20 units and angle of array is 450(Figure 4.17). Draw a circle of 5 units diameter using circle command. Invoke array command from modify toolbar. Array dialogue box appear on screen. Select rectangular array tab.


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Click select object placed at top right corner of dialogue box. Select circle and press Enter. Fill numbers of rows by 2 and numbers of column by 2. Fill rows offset by 20 and column offset by 20. Specify angle of array by 45. Select preview.

Press Enter if ok otherwise press Esc to return to dialogue box.

Fig. 4.17 4.12.2 Polar Array

It is used to copy object in a circular pattern (Figure 4.18).

Procedure to Array Circle of diameter 5 units along pitch circle of diameter 38 units, number of objects are 6 and angle to fill is 3600.

Draw pitch circle and object as shown in figure 4.19. Invoke array command from modify toolbar. Array dialogue box appear on screen. Select polar array tab. Click pick centre point tool from dialogue box Select centre of pitch circle. Fill number of items by 6. Fill angle to fill by 360. Select Preview Press Enter if ok otherwise press Esc to return to dialogue box.

Fig. 4.18 Fig. 4.19

Procedure to Array triangle shown in figure 4.20 into 8 times along one of its corner with 3600 angle to fill.

Draw triangle shown in figure 4.20. Invoke array command from modify toolbar. Array dialogue box appear on screen. Select polar array tab. Click pick centre point tool from dialogue box Select corner point of triangle. Fill number of items by 8. Fill angle to fill by 360. Select Preview Press Enter if ok otherwise press Esc to return to dialogue box.


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Fig. 4.20 Options:

i. Total numbers of items & angle to fill: Angle is considered in anticlockwise direction from object (Figure 4.21).

Fig. 4.21 ii. Total numbers of items and angle between items (Figure 4.22).

iii. Angle to fill and angle between items (Figure 4.23).

Fig. 4.22 Fig. 4.23


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Exercise 6: Draw objects shown in figure 4.24 with array command. Assume various sizes.

Fig. 4.24

4.13 Fillet (F) It is used to round edges and corners in drawings.

4.13.1 Radius [R] It is used to fillet edge of specified radius (Figure 4.25).

Procedure to draw fillet of radius 5 units at the corner of object shown in figure 4.25. Command: F Enter {invoke fillet command} Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: R Enter Specify fillet radius : 5 Enter Select first object : Select lines X and Y to draw fillet.

Fig. 4.25

4.13.2 Trim [T]: It is used to trim edges of fillet (Figure 4.25).


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4.13.3 Polyline [P]: This option is used to draw fillet in polyline objects (Figure 4.25).

4.13.4 Multiple [M]: It is to draw multiple fillets with same radius.

4.13.5 Undo [U]: It is used in case of mistake to undone wrong fillet.

Fig. 4.25

Exercise 6: Draw object shown in figure 4.26.

Fig. 4.26

4.14 Chamfer Command (CH) It is used to bevel edges and corners in drawings. Options:

4.14.1 Distance [D] This option is used to draw chamfer by specifying first and second chamfer distances.

Procedure to draw chamfer of distance 5 units in X-direction and 4 units in Y-direction on object shown in figure 4.27. Command: CHA Enter {invoke chamfer command} Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: D Enter Specify first chamfer distance : 5 Enter Specify second chamfer distance : 4 Enter Select first line: select line X Select second line or shift-select to apply corner: select line Y


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Fig. 4.27

4.14.2 Angle [A] This option is used to draw chamfer by specifying chamfer Length and angle.

Procedure to draw chamfer of length 5 units in X-direction and at 45o angle as shown in figure 4.28. Command: CHA Enter {invoke chamfer command} Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: A Enter Specify chamfer length on the first line : 5 Enter Specify chamfer angle from the first line : 45 Enter Select first line: select line X Select second line or shift-select to apply corner: select line Y

Fig. 4.28

4.14.3 Method [E]: Change method from distance to angle or vice versa. 4.14.4 Trim [T]: It is used to trim edges of chamfer (Figure 4.29). 4.14.5 Polyline [P]: This option is used to draw chamfer in polyline objects

(Figure 4.29). 4.14.6 Multiple [M]: It is to draw multiple chamfers with same parameters. 4.14.7 Undo [U]: It is used in case of mistake to undone wrong chamfer

.

Fig. 4.29


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Exercise 6: Draw washer shown in figure 4.30.

Fig. 4.30

4.15 Set to by Layer Command (SETBYLAYER) It is used to convert object properties from by block to by layer. If object have different properties in layer and it shows properties set by block like color, line type and/or line weight, this command is used to convert object properties from by block to by layer.

Procedure to convert properties from by block to by layer. Invoke set to by layer command from modify toolbar. Select object to convert and press Enter. Select Yes to change by block to by layer. Select Yes to include blocks.

4.16 Change Space Command (CHSPACE) It is used to shift object from paper space to model space or vice versa.

Procedure to shift object from paper space to model space. Invoke change space command from modify toolbar. Select objects and press Enter.

4.17 Lengthen Command (LENGTHEN) It is used to edit length of line and arc by some specific methods.

Options: 4.17.1 DElta [DE]

This option is used to lengthen object by specifying increment length.

Fig. 4.30 Procedure to lengthen line by 10 units (Figure 4.30).

Command: LENGTHEN Enter Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: DE Enter Enter delta length or [Angle] : 10 Enter Select an object to change or [Undo]: select end of object to lengthen Select an object to change or [Undo]: Esc


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4.17.2 Percent [P] This option is used to lengthen object by specifying percent increment.

Fig. 4.31

Procedure to lengthen line by 150 percent (Figure 4.31). Command: LENGTHEN Enter Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: P Enter Enter percentage length : 150 Enter Select an object to change or [Undo]: select end of object to lengthen Select an object to change or [Undo]: Esc

4.17.3 Total [T] This option is used to lengthen object by specifying total length.

Fig. 4.32

Procedure to change length of line to20 units (Figure 4.32). Command: LENGTHEN Enter Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: T Enter Specify total length or [Angle] : 20 Enter Select an object to change or [Undo]: select end of object to lengthen Select an object to change or [Undo]: Esc

4.17.4 DYnamic [DY] This option is used to lengthen object by specifying point of extension.

Fig. 4.33 Procedure to lengthen line upto point P (Figure 4.33).

Command: LENGTHEN Enter Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: DY Enter Select an object to change or [Undo]: Select line to extend Specify new end point: click point P Select an object to change or [Undo]: Esc

4.18 Edit Polyline Command (PE) This command is commonly used to edit polyline like join with other polyline, close to make loop etc.


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Options: 4.18.1 Close [C]

This option is used to join start point and end point of polyline segments in order to make loop.

Fig. 4.34

Procedure to close object drawn in polyline (Figure 4.34). Command: PE Enter {invoke polyline command}

PEDIT Select polyline or [Multiple]: Select polyline object Enter an option: C Enter Enter {invoke close option}

4.18.2 Join [J] This option is used to join polyline object to another polyline objects to make one object.

Fig. 4.35

Procedure to join objects drawn in polyline (Figure 4.35). Command: PE Enter {invoke polyline command}

PEDIT Select polyline or [Multiple]: Select polyline object 1 Enter an option: J Enter Enter {invoke join option} Select objects: Select polyline object 2 Enter Enter

4.18.3 Width [W] This option is used to edit width of polyline.

Fig. 4.36 Procedure to change width of polyline object shown in figure 4.36 to 2 units.

Command: PE Enter {invoke polyline command}


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PEDIT Select polyline or [Multiple]: Select polyline object Enter an option: W Enter {invoke width option} Specify new width for all segments: 1 Enter Enter

4.18.4 Edit Vertex [E] This option is used to edit vertex of polyline segment.

Fig. 4.37 Procedure to change break polyline segment through one of its vertex point P (Figure

4.37). Command: PE Enter {invoke polyline command}

PEDIT Select polyline or [Multiple]: Select polyline object Enter an option: E Enter {invoke edit vertex option} Enter a vertex editing option: B Enter {invoke break option} Enter an option [Next/Previous/Go/eXit] : N Enter {for next} Enter an option [Next/Previous/Go/eXit] : N Enter {for next} Enter an option [Next/Previous/Go/eXit] : N Enter {for next} Enter an option [Next/Previous/Go/eXit] : G Enter {for Go} Enter a vertex editing option: X Enter Enter {for exit}

4.18.5 Fit [F] This option is used to convert line section into arc section

Fig. 4.38 Procedure to convert polyline object shown in Figure 4.38 using fit option .

Command: PE Enter {invoke polyline command} PEDIT Select polyline or [Multiple]: Select polyline object Enter an option: F Enter Enter {invoke fit option}

4.18.6 Spline [S] This option is used to convert line section into spline section

Fig. 4.39


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Procedure to convert polyline object shown in Figure 4.39 using spline option. Command: PE Enter {invoke polyline command}

PEDIT Select polyline or [Multiple]: Select polyline object Enter an option: S Enter Enter {invoke spline option}

4.18.7 Decurve [D] This option is used to convert curve section into line section.

.

Fig. 4.40 Procedure to decurve object shown in Figure 4.40.

Command: PE Enter {invoke polyline command} PEDIT Select polyline or [Multiple]: Select polyline object Enter an option: D Enter Enter {invoke decurve option}

4.18.8 Ltype gen [L] This is a command to edit a linetype where you can specify whether a linetype pattern is centered on each segment or continuous throughout the entire length of a 2D polyline. The command is like a switch which turns it off or on.[Reference-cadblog.net]

Fig. 4.41

Procedure to on linetype generation.. Command: PE Enter {invoke polyline command}

PEDIT Select polyline or [Multiple]: Select polyline object Enter an option: L Enter Enter {invoke Ltype gen option} Enter polyline linetype generation option [ON/OFF] : ON Enter

4.18.9 Reverse [R] This option is used to reverse the direction of vertices.

.

Fig. 4.42


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Procedure to reverse the direction of object shown in Figure 4.42. Command: PE Enter {invoke polyline command}

PEDIT Select polyline or [Multiple]: Select polyline object Enter an option: R Enter Enter {invoke reverse option}

4.18.10 Undo [U] This option is used to undone previous action.

4.19 Edit Spline Command (SPE) This command is commonly used to chane parameters of spline, vertex points, start tangent and end tangent etc,

4.20 Hatch Edit Command (HE) This command is commonly used to edit existing hatched pattern, scale, angle etc.

Fig. 4.43 Procedure to modify hatching shown in figure 4.43 by changing pattern to bricks.

invoke hatch edit command from modify toolbar. Select hatch object Hatch edit dialogue box appear on screen. Change pattern and select ok

4.21 Align Command (AL) This command is used to align objects to other objects.

Fig. 4.44 Procedure to modify hatching shown in figure 4.44 by changing pattern to bricks.

Command: AL Enter Select objects: select object to align Enter Specify first source point: select point 1 Specify first destination point: select point 2 Specify second source point: select point 3 Specify second destination point: select point 4 Specify third source point or : Enter Scale objects based on alignment points? [Yes/No] : Y Enter


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4.22 Break (BR) This command is used to break line/arc between two points.

Fig. 4.45

Procedure to break arc between two points 1 and 2. Invoke break command from modify toolbar. Select point 1 and 2.

4.23 Break at Point (BREAK) This command is used to break line/arc at a single point.

Fig. 4.46 Procedure to break arc between two points 1 and 2.

Invoke break command from modify toolbar. Select line Select point 1.

4.24 Join (J) This command is used to join lines/arcs lie in series.

Fig. 4.47

Procedure to join lines. Invoke join command from modify toolbar. Select line1, line 2 and line 3 and press Enter

4.25 Reverse [REVERSE] This option is used to reverse the direction of line, spline and polyline objects.

.

Procedure to reverse object shown in Figure 4.41. Command: REVERSE Enter {invoke reverse command}

Select object: select object to reverse Enter


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4.26 Draw Order Command (DRAWORDER 4.26.1 Bring to Front: This option is used to bring selected object in front of all

other objects.

Fig. 4.48 Procedure to bring gradient hatch to front.

Invoke Bring to front command from modify toolbar Select gradient hatch and press Enter.

4.26.2 Send to Back: This option is used to move selected object to back of all other objects.

Fig. 4.49

Procedure to send gradient hatch to back. Invoke send to back command from modify toolbar Select gradient hatch and press Enter.

4.26.3 Bring Above Objects: This option is used to bring selected objects in front of other selected objects.

Fig. 4.50


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Procedure to bring gradient hatch above boundary hatch. Invoke bring above objects command from modify toolbar Select gradient hatch and press Enter. Select boundary hatch and press Enter

4.26.4 Send Under Objects: This option is used to move selected objects to back of other selected objects.

Fig. 4.51 Procedure to send text under gradient hatch.

Invoke send under objects command from modify toolbar Select text and press Enter. Select gradient hatch and press Enter.

Exercise: Draw Hexagonal nut of size M20 using various draw and modify commands.

Fig. 4.52

EXPRESS TOOLS MENU

4.27 Move Copy Rotate (MOCORO) This command is used to move, copy, rotate and scale objects.

Fig. 4.53


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Procedure to move nut by 40 units about point a, shift base point to point b, copy by 50 units about point b, rotate at an angle of 450 and scale by 0.7 scale factor. Command: MOCORO Enter Select objects: select nut Enter Base point: select point a [Move/Copy/Rotate/Scale/Base/Undo]: M Enter {invoke move option} Second point of displacement: 40 Enter {move cursor to rightward direction} [Move/Copy/Rotate/Scale/Base/Undo]: B Enter {invoke base option} Base point: select point b [Move/Copy/Rotate/Scale/Base/Undo]: C Enter {invoke copy command} Second point of displacement: 50


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OPTIONS

Fig. 4.55

4.29 Delete Duplicate objects (OVERKILL) This command is used to delete duplicate overlapped objects such as an arc over a circle of same radius, two lines lie at same angle etc

.

Fig. 4.56 Procedure to multiple stretch main nut and lock nut by 5 units displacement.

Invoke delete duplicate command from modify toolbar in express tools. Select objects and press Enter.

Overkill dialogue box appear on drawing screen

Fig. 4.57

Select Ignore LINEWEIGHT from dialogue box shown in figure 4.57. Click OK


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4.30 Flatten Objects (FLATTEN) This command is used to convert 2D representation of 3D objects by forcing thickness and elevation of object 0.

Fig. 4.58

Procedure to Flatten 3D object shown in figure 4.58. Invoke Flatten command from modify toolbar in express tools. Select objects and press Enter. Press N and type Enter for not to remove hidden lines.

4.31 Extended Clip (CLIPIT) Allows curved clipping; isolates specified portions of blocks, xref drawings, images, and Wipeouts, by clipping or removing the display of all other objects with a polyline, circle, arc, ellipse, text, mtext, or attribute definition.

4.32 Extended Offset (EXOFFSET) This enhanced version of the OFFSET command offers several advantages over the standard command, including layer control, undo, and a multiple option.

4.33 Convert Shape to Block (SHP2BLK) Convert object from shape definition to block definition.

[TEXT COMMAND]

[CHAPTER 5]

VAIBHAV GUPTA VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

[TEXT COMMAND] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

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ANOTATION MENU BAR

5.1 Single Line Text (DT) This command is used to write text in drawing.

Fig. 5.1 Procedure to write DRAWING ROOM of height 5 units and 00 angle of rotation

using single line text command. Command: DT Enter Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: select start point to write text Specify height : 5 Enter Specify rotation angle of text : 0 Enter Enter Text: Type DRAWING Enter Enter Text: Type ROOM Enter Enter

5.2 MultiLine Text (T)

Procedure to write MultiLine text. Invoke multiline text command from annotation toolbar of home menu or text

toolbar of annotation menu (figure 5.2)

Fig. 52

Make window on drawing screen to write text by selecting point 1 and 2 shown in figure 5.3.

Fig. 5.3 Change properties from text edit toolbar appear at the top of drawing screen

Enter text: DRAWING ROOM Select close text edit to exit command


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Fig. 5.4 5.3 Text Style (ST)

Procedure to create text style. Invoke text style command from annotation toolbar (Figure 5.5).

Fig. 5.5 Text style dialogue box appear as shown in figure 5.6

Fig. 5.6 Select text font Click New to make new style Click No

Give text name Click OK

Click Close

5.4 Text Edit (ED) This command is used to change existing text contents.


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Procedure to change DRAWING by BEARING. Command: ED Enter Select Text: Select DRAWING

Change Text: Type BEARING Enter

5.5 Scale (SCALETEXT) This command is used to change Text height, scale, match text height with other existing text height and paper height.

Procedure to change text height. Invoke scale command from Text toolbar of Annotation menu Select object: Select text Enter

Enter base point option for scaling : Type E Enter {keep existing base point} Specify new model height or [Paper height/Match object/Scale factor]

: 20 Enter

Procedure to change text scale by factor of 2. Invoke scale command from Text toolbar of Annotation menu Select object: Select text Enter

Enter base point option for scaling : Type E Enter {keep existing base point} Specify new model height or [Paper height/Match object/Scale factor]

: S Enter {invoke scale option} Specify scale factor: 2 Enter Procedure to match text height with other existing text height..

Invoke scale command from Text toolbar of Annotation menu Select object: Select text Enter Enter base point option for scaling : Type E Enter {keep existing base point} Specify new model height or [Paper height/Match object/Scale factor]

: M Enter {invoke match option} Select a text object with desired height: Select other text of desired height

Procedure to change paper height by 5unis.. Invoke scale command from Text toolbar of Annotation menu Select object: Select Annotative text Enter Enter base point option for scaling : Type E Enter {keep existing base point}

Specify new model height or [Paper height/Match object/Scale factor] : P Enter {invoke paper height option} Specify new paper height: 5 Enter

5.6 Justify (JUSTIFYTEXT) It is used to changes the justification point of selected text objects without changing their locations.


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EXPRESS TOOLS

5.7 Arc Aligned (ARCTEXT) This command is used to write text along specified arc.

Procedure to write arc text. Invoke arc aligned command from Text toolbar of Express tools. Select arc Arc aligned dialogue box appear on drawing screen.

Select text style Specify text height


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Select option from dialogue box. Type text to write Click OK Options

1. Reverse text reading order 2. Drag Wizard 3. Align to left 4. Align to right 5. Fit along the arc 6. Centre along the arc 7. On convex side 8. On concave side 9. Outward from centre 10. Inward to the centre 11. Bold 12. Italic 13. Underline

5.8 Modify Text 5.8.1 Explode Text (TXTEXP)

This command is used to explode text into polyline.

Procedure to explode text. Invoke explode text command from Text toolbar of Express tools. Select text and press Enter

5.8.2 Change Case (TCASE) This command is used to change text case. Procedure to change text case.

Invoke change case command from Text toolbar of Express tools. Select text and press Enter Change text case dialogue box appear on drawing screen


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Select required option Click OK OPTIONS

1. Sentence case 2. Lower case 3. Upper case 4. Tile 5. Toggle case

5.8.3 Rotate Text (TORIENT) This command is used to change rotation angle of text. Procedure to change rotation angle..

Invoke rotate text command from Text toolbar of Express tools. Select text and press Enter Specify new absolute rotation : 45 Enter

5.8.4 Fit Text (FITTEXT) This command is used to fit text between specified points. This option work with single line text. Procedure to fit text.

Create single line text Invoke fit text command from Text toolbar of Express tools. Select text Specify end point to fit text.


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5.8.5 JustifyText (TJUST) Changes a text object's justification without changing its position. Works with text, mtext, and attribute definition objects.

5.8.6 Convert to Mtext (TXT2MTXT) This command is used convert single line text to multiline text. Procedure to convert .

Create single line text Invoke convert to Mtext command from Text toolbar of Express tools.

Select single line text and press Enter.

5.8.7 Auto Number (TCOUNT) This command is used for numbering Mtext and text. Procedure for numbering.

Create text or Mtext Invoke auto number command from Text toolbar of Express tools.

Select text or Mtext and press Enter. Sort selected object : Y Enter Specify starting number and increment: 1,1 Enter Placement of number: P Enter {for prefix}

5.8.8 Enclose in object (TCIRCLE) This command is used to enclose text or mtext with circles, rectangles, and slots . Procedure to enclose text.

Create text or Mtext Invoke enclose in object command from Text toolbar of Express tools.

Select text or Mtext and press Enter. Enter distance offset factor: 0.5 Enter Specify starting number and increment: 1,1 Enter Enclose text with: C Enter {for circle} Create circles of constant or variable size : C Enter {for constant} Options

5.8.1 Remote Text (RTEXT): Insert or edit or remote text object. 5.8.9 Text Mask (TEXTMASK): Place a mask behind selected text. 5.8.10 Unmask Text (TEXTUNMASK): Remove a mask behind selected text.

[DIMENSIONING]

[CHAPTER 6]

VAIBHAV GUPTA


[DIMENSIONING] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTORIALS

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DIMENSIONING

6.1 Dimension Terminology:

Fig. 6.1

6.2 Dimension Style (D) To make dimension style select dimension style tool in annotation toolbar of

home menu as shown in figure 6.2

Fig. 6.2 Dimension Style Manager appear on drawing screen (Figure 6.3)

Fig. 6.3 Click New to make new style (Figure 6.3) Give new style name (Figure 6.4) Click Continue(Figure 6.4) New dimension style dialogue box appear in drawing screen (Figure 6.5)


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Fig.6.4 6.2.1 Lines

Fig.6.5 Dimensions Lines 1. Change color of dimension line. If dimensioning is done in layers then select color

as By Layer from drop down list. 2. Change line type of dimension line to centre, hidden, continuous or by layer as par

the requirement. 3. Change line weight of dimension line. 4. Base line spacing is distance between two adjacent dimensions.(Figure 6.7) 5. Suppress means to remove dimension lines.(Figure 6.6)

Fig. 6.6


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Fig. 6.7 Fig. 6.8 Extension lines 6. Change color of extension line. If dimensioning is done in layers then select

colour as By Layer from drop down list. 7. Change line type of extension line by centre, hidden, continuous or by layer as par

the requirement. 8. Change line weight of extension line. 9. Suppress means to wipe out extension lines. 10. Extend beyond dimension lines- it is the distance between dimension line and end

of extension line.(Figure 6.8) 11. Offset from origin-The distance between object and extension line.(Figure 6.8).

6.2.2 Symbols and Arrows

Fig. 6.9 1. Arrow head: Select pattern for arrowhead of dimension line as par the

requirement.(Figure .10)


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Fig. 6.10 Fig. 6.11 2. Leader: Select pattern for arrow head of leader line. Leader line is used to write

note, feature characteristic, Part name, part number in assembly drawing and other detail.(Figure 6.11)

3. Centre Marks: (Figure 6.12)

Fig. 6.12 4. Dimension Break: (Figure 6.13)

Fig. 6.13 Fig. 6.14 5. Arc Length Symbol: A small arc placed with dimension text is called arc length

symbol. (Figure 6.15)

Fig. 6.15


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6. Radius Jog Dimension: Jog angle is the angle between intersecting lines of zig-zag pattern.(Figure 6.14)

7. Linear Jog Dimension: (Figure 6.16)

Fig. 6.16 6.2.3 Text

Fig. 6.17 1. Fill Color (Figure 6.18)

Fig. 6.18 Fig. 6.19

2. Draw Frame Around Text: (Figure 6.19)

3. Text Placement Vertical: (Figure 6.20)


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Fig. 6.20 4. Text Placement Horizontal: (Figure 6.21)

Fig. 6.21 5. View Direction: (Figure 6.22)

Fig. 6.22 6. Offset From Dimension Line: (Figure 6.23)

Fig. 6.23


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7. Text Alignment Horizontal: (Figure 6.24)

8. Align with Dimension Text: (Figure 6.24)

9. ISO Standard: (Figure 6.24)

Fig. 6.24 6.2.4 Fit (Figure 6.25)

Fig. 6.25


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6.2.5 Primary Units (Figure 6.26)

Fig. 6.26 1. Unit Format: (Figure 6.27)

Fig. 6.27

2. Precision: (Figure 6.28)

Fig. 6.28


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3. Fraction Format: (For fractional unit format) (Figure 6.29)

Fig. 6.29

4. Decimal Separator: Figure 6.30)

Fig. 6.30

5. Round off: (Figure 6.31)

Fig. 6.31

6. Prefix: (Figure 6.32) 7. Suffix: (Figure 6.32)

Fig. 6.32

8. Scale Factor: Make Dimension text multiple of specified factor. Though text shows multiple value, actual size of object remain unchanged.

9. Zero Supresson: (Figure 6.33)

Without Zero Suppression

With Zero Suppression Fig. 6.33

10. Angular Dimension: (Figure 6.34)

Fig. 6.34

6.2.6 Alternate Units: It is used to show two units on dimension line.(Figure 6.35, 6.36)


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Fig. 6.35

Fig. 6.36

6.2.7 Tolerance (Figure 6.38)

Method: (Figure 6.37)

Fig. 6.37


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Fig. 6.38 6.3 Dimension Toolbar

6.3.1 Linear (DIMLINEAR) It is used for horizontal and vertical dimensioning. Procedure for linear dimensioning (Figure 6.39)

Invoke linear command from Annotation toolbar of home menu or dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select end points of line 1 and 2 Specify location point by clicking at desired location point

Fig. 6.39 6.3.2 Aligned (DIMALIGNED)

It is used for dimensioning inclined and taper lines. Procedure for aligned dimensioning (Figure 6.40)


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Invoke aligned command from Annotation toolbar of home menu or dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select end points of line 1 and 2 Specify location point by clicking at desired location point

Fig. 6.40 6.3.3 Angular (DIMANGULAR)

It is used for dimensioning angle between two intersecting lines. Procedure for Angular dimensioning (Figure 6.41)

Invoke angular command from Annotation toolbar of home menu or dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select intersecting lines 1 and 2 Specify location point by clicking at desired location point

Fig. 6.41

6.3.4 Arc Length (DIMARC) It is used for arc length dimensioning. Procedure for Arc length dimensioning (Figure 6.42)

Invoke arc length command from Annotation toolbar of home menu or dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select arc to dimension Specify location point by clicking at desired location point

Fig. 6.42

6.3.5 Radius (DIMRADIUS) It is used for radius dimensioning of arc and circle. Procedure for radius dimensioning (Figure 6.43)

Invoke radius command from Annotation toolbar of home menu or dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select arc/circle to dimension


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Specify location point by clicking at desired location point

Fig. 6.43

6.3.6 Diameter (DIMDIAMETER) It is used for diameter dimensioning of arc and circle. Procedure for diameter dimensioning (Figure 6.44)

Invoke diameter command from Annotation toolbar of home menu or dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select arc/circle to dimension Specify location point by clicking at desired location point

Fig. 6.44

6.3.7 Ordinate (DIMORDINATE) It is used for dimensioning ordinate of end points of line, Centre of circle, corners of polygon etc.. Procedure for ordinate dimensioning (Figure 6.45)

Invoke ordinate command from Annotation toolbar of home menu or dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select point to dimension. Specify location point by clicking at desired location point.

Fig. 6.45

6.3.8 Jogged (DIMJOGGED) It is used for radius dimensioning for arc of large radius whose centre point lies far from drawing area. Procedure for jogged dimensioning (Figure 6.46)

Invoke jogged command from Annotation toolbar of home menu or dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select point 1 on arc to dimension to position head of arrow. Select point 2 to position tail of arrow. Select point 3 to position text.


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Select point 4 to position jog line.

Fig. 6.46 Fig. 6.47 6.3.9 Break (DIMBREAK)

It is used to break dimension line from the region where it intersects the intervening object. Procedure to beak dimensioning (Figure 6.47)

Invoke Break command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select dimension to break.

6.3.10 Adjust Space (DIMSPACE) It is used to make selected dimension lines equally spaced. Procedure to adjust dimension space (Figure 6.48)

Invoke Adjust space command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select base dimension. Select dimension to space and press Enter. Enter space value and press Enter

Fig. 6.48

6.3.11 Quick Dimension (QDIM) It is used to quickly dimension the selected objects. Procedure to Quick dimension (Figure 6.49)

Invoke Quick dimension command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select Objects. Move cursor to specified location. Click to place dimension lines and press Esc.


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Fig. 6.49 Fig. 6.50 6.3.12 Baseline Dimension (DIMBASELINE)

It is used to dimension object about a particular base line. It is also called datum dimensioning. Procedure to baseline dimension (Figure 6.51)

Create Linear dimension first from point 1 to 2. Invoke Baseline dimension command from dimensions toolbar of annotation

menu.

Select corner points 3 and 4 and press Esc.

Fig. 6.51 Fig. 6.52 6.3.13 Inspect Dimension (DIMINSPECT)

It is used to insert inspection tag on selected dimensions for quality check or add any other inspection information. Procedure to Inspect dimension (Figure 6.52)

Invoke Inspect dimension command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Inspection Dimension dialogue box appear on drawing screen. (Figure 6.53)

Fig. 6.53


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Select dimension to inset tag. Enter label. Specify inspection rate Clock OK

6.3.14 Update Dimension (DIMINSPECT) It is used to update dimension object with the current dimension style. Procedure to update dimension.

Invoke update dimension command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select dimensions to change with current dimension style and press Enter.

6.3.15 Linear Jog Dimension (DIMJOGLINE) It is used to insert jog line in selected dimension. Procedure to insert jog line dimension (Figure 6.54)

Invoke linear jog dimension command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu.

Select dimension. Select location to place jog line.

Fig. 6.54 Fig. 6.55

6.3.16 Reassociate Dimension (DIMREASSOCIATE) It is used to associate or reassociate dimensions Procedure to associate dimension (Figure 6.56)

Invoke reassociate dimension command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu.

Select dimensions to associate (both linear and diameter) and press Enter. Select first extension line origin Select second extension line origin. Select Arc or circle and press Enter.

Fig. 6.56


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6.3.17 Tolerance (TOLERANCE) It is used to insert tolerance in drawing.

Fig. 6.57


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6.3.18 Center Mark (DIMCENTER) It is used to mark center of arc/circle. Procedure to mark center (Figure 6.55)

Invoke centre command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select arc/circle to mark.

6.3.19 Oblique (DIMEDIT) It is used to rotate extension line to a specified angle. Procedure (Figure 6.58)

Invoke oblique command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select dimensions and press Enter Specify oblique angle and press Enter.

Fig. 6.58 Fig. 6.59

6.3.20 Text Angle (DIMTEDIT) It is used to rotate dimension text to a specified angle. Procedure (Figure 6.59)

Invoke text angle command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select dimension. Specify angle for dimension text and press Enter.

6.3.21 Left Justify (DIMTEDIT) It is used to move dimension text to left. Procedure (Figure 6.60)

Invoke Left Justify command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select dimensions and press Esc.

6.3.22 CentreJustify (DIMTEDIT) It is used to move dimension text to centre. Procedure (Figure 6.60)

Invoke Centre Justify command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select dimensions and press Esc.

6.3.23 Right Justify (DIMTEDIT) It is used to move dimension text to right. Procedure (Figure 6.60)

Invoke Right Justify command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select dimensions and press Esc.

Fig. 6.60


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6.3.24 Override (DIMOVERRIDE) It is used to change overrides of dimensions i.e. change variables set in override to variables set in mail style.

Fig. 6.61 Procedure (Figure 6.61)

Invoke Override command from dimensions toolbar of annotation menu. Select Override dimensions and press Enter.

6.4 Qleader (LE) Leader line is used to write note, feature characteristic, Part name, part number in assembly drawing and other detail.

Procedure (Figure 6.62) Command: LE Enter {Invoke qleader command} Specify first leader point, or [Settings] : Select Point 1 Specify next point: Select point 2 Specify next point: Select Point 3 Specify text width : 0 Enter Enter first line of annotation text : 4 HOLES %%C16 Enter Enter next line of annotation text: 48 DEEP Enter Enter

Fig. 6.62 6.5 Multileader (MLEADER)

6.5.1 Multileader Style Select Multileader style from Annotation toolbar of Home menu (Figure

6.63)

Fig. 6.63


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Multileader Style Manager appear on drawing screen.(Figure 6.63)

Fig. 6.63

Click New to make new style. Enter new style name (Figure 6.64) Click Continue to modify new style.

Fig. 6.64 1. Leader Format

Fig. 6.65


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Multileader style dialogue box appear on drawing screen.(Figure 6.65) Multileader Type:

Fig. 6.66 2. Leader Structure

Fig. 6.67

Maximum Leader Point:

Fig. 6.68

[DIMENSIONING] VAIBHAV GUPTA AutoCAD TUTO

vaibhav gupta autocad tutorial

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