valence electrons and oxidation numbers chemistry dr. may
TRANSCRIPT
Valence Electrons and Valence Electrons and Oxidation NumbersOxidation Numbers
Chemistry
Dr. May
1
H1
Region where electronis likely to be found
Nucleus
Electron Cloud Model of theHydrogen Atom
+1s1
Hydrogen GasHydrogen Gas
Hydrogen Gas (HHydrogen Gas (H22))
HydrogenHydrogen
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
H - 1
EC
VE
Ox #
Ion
1s1
1
+1
H+1 gives H2SO4With SO42
O
O
O
O
S
HH
HeliumHelium
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
He - 2
EC
VE
Ox #
Ion
1s2
2
0
none
4
He2
Region where the 2 electronsare likely to be found
Nucleus
Electron Cloud Model of theHelium Atom
+ +
1s2
LithiumLithium
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Li - 3
EC 1s2
VE
Ox #
Ion
2s1
1
+1
Li+1 With SO42 gives Li2SO4
7
Li3
Region where the 1s electronsare likely to be found
Nucleus
Electron Cloud Model of theLithium Atom
+ +
1s22s1
Region where the 2s electronis likely to be found
+
BerylliumBeryllium
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Be - 4
EC 1s2
VE
Ox #
Ion gives BeSO4With SO42
2s2
2
+2
Be+2
Electron ArtElectron ArtBerylium
The Beryllium AtomThe Beryllium Atom
4
9
1s22s2
Be4 protons
4 electrons
5 neutrons
BoronBoron
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
B - 5
EC 1s2 2s2
VE
Ox #
Ion
2p1
3
+3
B+3 With O2 gives B2O3
CarbonCarbon
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
C - 6
EC 1s2 2s2
VE
Ox #
Ion CO2 and CCl4
2p2
4
Has 4 electrons to share
Covalent
Carbon AtomCarbon Atom
Carbon Atom
12
C 6
NitrogenNitrogen
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
N - 7
EC 1s2 2s2
VE
Ox #
Ion
Has 5 electrons to share
Covalent NCl5 and N2O5
5
2p3
An AtomAn Atom
Nitrogen
OxygenOxygen
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
O - 8
EC 1s2 2s2
VE
Ox #
Ion
2p4
6
2
O2 With K+1 gives K2O
•
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•
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• •
Oxygen atom
nucleuselectrons
FluorineFluorine
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
F - 9
EC 1s2 2s2
VE
Ox #
Ion
2p5
7
1
F1 With K+1 gives KF
NeonNeon
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Ne - 10
EC 1s2 2s2
VE
Ox #
Ion
2p6
8
0
none
SodiumSodium
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Na - 11
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6
VE
Ox #
Ion
3s1
1
+1
Na+1With SO42 gives Na2SO4
MagnesiumMagnesium
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Mg - 12
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6
VE
Ox #
Ion
3s2
2
+2
Mg+2With SO42 gives MgSO4
Quantum ModelQuantum Model
QuantumModel
2s orbital
1s orbital
Nucleus
2p orbitals
3s orbital
1s11s21s22s11s22s21s22s22p11s22s22p21s22s22p31s22s22p41s22s22p51s22s22p61s22s22p63s11s22s22p63s2
HHeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMg
AluminumAluminum
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Al - 13
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
VE
Ox #
Ion
3p1
3
+3
Al+3With SO42 gives Al2(SO4)3
Al+3
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
HydratedAl+3
SiliconSilicon
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Si - 14
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
VE
Ox #
Ion
3p2
4
Silicon has 4 electrons to share
Covalent SiO2 and SiC
PhosphorusPhosphorus
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
P - 15
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
VE
Ox #
Ion
3p3
5
Phosphorus has 5 electrons to share
Covalent PCl5 and P2O5
SulfurSulfur
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
S - 16
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
VE
Ox #
Ion gives Na2S
3p4
6
2
S2With Na+1
ChlorineChlorine
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Cl - 17
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
VE
Ox #
Ion
3p5
7
1
Cl1With Al+3 gives AlCl3
ArgonArgon
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Ar - 18
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
VE
Ox #
Ion
3p6
8
0
none
+18
Argon
= s electrons
= p electrons
Energy level 1
Energy level 2
Energy level 3
1s22s22p63s23p6
PotassiumPotassium
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
K - 19
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
VE
Ox #
Ion
4s1
1
+1
K+1With S2 gives K2S
CalciumCalcium
atom 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Ca - 20
EC 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
VE
Ox #
Ion
4s2
2
+2
Ca+2With SO42 gives CaSO4
The EndThe End
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