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Hardware Validation Test of the Advanced Plant Habitat •Oscar Monje, Jeffrey T. Richards • AECOM – LASSO KSC •Dinah I. Dimapilis • Jacobs – TOSC KSC •Gillermo M. Tellez-Giron, Matthew De Mars • Sierra Nevada (formerly Orbitec) •Nicole F. Dufour, Howard G. Levine, and Bryan G. Onate • NASA / KSC Astronaut "Ricky" Arnold 34th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research, Bethesda Maryland, Nov 3 2018 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20180008565 2020-06-15T19:34:15+00:00Z

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Page 1: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

Hardware Validation Test of the Advanced Plant Habitat

•Oscar Monje, Jeffrey T. Richards• AECOM – LASSO KSC

•Dinah I. Dimapilis• Jacobs – TOSC KSC

•Gillermo M. Tellez-Giron, Matthew De Mars• Sierra Nevada (formerly Orbitec)

•Nicole F. Dufour, Howard G. Levine, and Bryan G. Onate

• NASA / KSC

Astronaut "Ricky" Arnold

34th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research, Bethesda Maryland,

Nov 3 2018

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20180008565 2020-06-15T19:34:15+00:00Z

Page 2: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

Advanced Plant HabitatAn automated plant growth facility for conducting plantresearch supporting space biology and food productionprojects on the International Space Station (ISS).

Plants are grown in the Science Carrier (SC) of the APH, (0.2m2 instrumented) root module.

The SC is packed with media, seeded on Earth, andtransferred dry to the APH facility on ISS. The plantexperiments are initiated when the SC is installed in theAPH growth chamber and it is fully wetted.

The planting and germination protocols for growing wheat(cv Apogee) and Arabidopsis (cv Colombia) were developedand tested at KSC in the APH Engineering Development Unit(EDU). Protocols were tested on orbit during the post-installation growth checkout of APH on ISS.

Hardware Validation – 1st plant growth test

Page 3: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

APH Facility – Assembly / Functional Test

• APH - transported to ISS on SpaceX 11 and OA-7. • APH - assembled on the Kibo Module in 27Oct17.• First power-up and 5-day functional test - 27Nov to 1Dec 2017 tested:

• commanding, telemetry, and data retrieval from PHARMER.• T/RH control modules at 23 C/70% RH, 18 C/50% RH, 18 C/90% RH, 30 C/90% RH,

and 30 C/50% RH.• Light levels• CO2 scrubbing, CO2 injection, Ethylene Scrubbing functions• Experiment Profile scripts (T, RH, CO2, Pictures).

• An acoustic test was completed on 8Dec17.

Astronaut Joe Acaba

Page 4: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

APH Facility – Validation Schedule

• Activated APH 19Jan18 • Initiated First Plant Test on 22Jan18 - verify that science is supported on

APH hardware. • Install pre-planted SC: WT Arabidopsis and Apogee semi-dwarf wheat • Two week growth of WT Arabidopsis and 33 days of wheat conducted to

demonstrate adequate plant growth for future science experiments. • Demonstrate and evaluate performance of on-orbit watering protocols.

• WT Arabidopsis – verify planting protocols of PH-01 Experiment.• Wheat Plants – provide a biological ‘load’ on the system.• Demonstrate on-orbit watering protocol.• Demonstrate on-orbit germination / harvest protocols.• Demonstrate experiment profile scripts

Page 5: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

APH - Subsystems

The APH communicates with crew via a laptop

Ground commands from the KSC Experiment Monitoring Area

Page 6: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

SubsystemsGrowth Light Assembly

Growth Chamber

Power Distribution Assembly

ISIS Drawers

Page 7: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

APH – User Interface

Page 8: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

GLA - Spectral Quality & Intensity

0-600 µmol m-2 s-1 at 630 nm ±10 nm0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm

W 0-600 µmol m-2 s-1 at 400-700 nmIR 0-50 µmol m-2 s-1 at 735 nm ±10 nmPI Mixture

Page 9: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

APH Science Carrier• Four quadrants – independent moisture control

• Baseline – TRL-9 porous substrate / slow release fertilizer

• Pre-planted / Contains water and substrate

Page 10: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

Planting and Germinationplanting protocols (launch vibration):• Preparing the planting media, foam – sift, autoclave

• Packing (legacy to Mir, BPS)

• Seeding the SC (immobilize seeds).

germination protocols:• Seed sterilization

• Determining the wicking system used to germinate seeds

• Determine environmental conditions to ensure germination

• Thinning as needed

Page 11: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

Context: Spaceflight Plant Growth Systems

Zabel et al. Life Sci. Space Res. (2016)

Light300 µmol/m2s

Light1000

GatewaySalad Machine

Page 12: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

APH – current capabilities

• Automated substrate-based watering system – 0.2 m2 - Active

• Cultural Conditions• LED lighting: 0 to 1000 umol/m2s, photoperiod

• Spectral bands: white, blue, green, red, far red

• Environmental control: CO2, Tair, RH, soil moisture, ventilation

• Teleoperation via commanding: manual mode, scripts, real time GUI

• Crew tended functions: planting, harvest, sensors, maintenance

• Imagery: aerial growth rates, health, watering, food safety - hyperspectral

Page 13: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

Future Studies – deep space

• Watering system: • microgravity independent, reusable, modular, light weight, no substrate

• Autonomous: • firmware, troubleshooting, scheduler, robotic farmer arms, AI

• Crew/Inputs: • installation, sample return, consumer, fertilizer, seeds, water

• Enable Science: • Platform for molecular tests, fundamental biology• radiation exposure, crop production rates, food quality

APH commanding logs are data for designing a ‘fully’ automated plant chamber

Space farming is multidisciplinary – science, engineers, robotics

Page 14: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

APH Facility – First Plant Test

Arabidopsis (Quadrants 2 & 3) initiated on 1/22/18. Apogee wheat (Quadrants 1 & 4) Initiated on 2/7-8/18. Feb 22, 26, harvest Mar 6, 9, 12 2018 - Arabidopsis harvested on Mar 6 – observed debris containment. Apogee wheat (Quadrants 1 & 4) was 32 days old on Mar12.

Page 15: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

Nondestructive data – Gas exchange

• APH measures nondestructive growth data – C fluxes.• Example: CO2 Response Curves from 20 day old wheat

CO2 Drawdown Technique: - Change the light level, disable CO2 control,

and photosynthesis consumes chamber CO2 -drawdown.- Allows Light response curves to be measured

as well.- Daily Growth – Lights come on.

ISS 2002 - BPS – Biomass Production SystemPESTO - Photosynthesis Experiment Subsystem Testing and Operations - PI_G. Stutte

Stutte et al. Planta (2005)

Page 16: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

5 11 20 25 31

Monje et al. Planta (2005)

Daily CO2

DrawDown Data

Page 17: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

Measuring CO2 and light response curves of wheat plants in microgravity

Page 18: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

• Wheat harvest was conducted by removing the SC - Astronaut Norishige“Nemo” Kanai

Page 19: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

Conclusions

• APH Facility was installed, assembled and validated for conducting plant research on ISS.

• Two species – Wheat and Arabidopsis plants were successfully grown from seed and harvested after 30 days of growth on ISS.

• Validated planting, germination and watering protocols.• Collected environmental data and nondestructive plant growth data.• Hardware supports science.

Go APH!

Page 20: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

Acknowledgements

APH was sponsored by NASA’s ISS Program and Space Life and Physical Sciences Research and Applications Division (SLPSRA) and co-developed by NASA and Sierra Nevada Corp. (formerly ORBITEC) of Madison, Wisconsin.

APH is available to support SLPSRA selected fundamental biology plus U.S. National Laboratory investigations sponsored by the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space.

Page 21: Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat Facility on ISS0-400 µmol m-2 s-1 at 450 nm ±10 nm 0-100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 525 nm ±10 nm 0-600 µmol m-2 s 1 at 630 nm ±10 nm ... manual

Questions?


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