valorisation of chicken feathers - greencape · pdf file• what to do with the more than...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS - GreenCape · PDF file• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each ... Paper industry and ... Review](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030502/5aae78c57f8b9a59478c1e8c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS:
Tamrat Tesfaye
Supervisors :- Prof. Bruce Sithole
14 February 2017
![Page 2: VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS - GreenCape · PDF file• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each ... Paper industry and ... Review](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030502/5aae78c57f8b9a59478c1e8c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chicken Processing
![Page 3: VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS - GreenCape · PDF file• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each ... Paper industry and ... Review](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030502/5aae78c57f8b9a59478c1e8c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why Chicken Feathers?
20-22% Other wastes (blood, head, feet, viscerae, bones)
8-10 % feathers
68 -72 % meat
Human beings do not consume chicken feathers (…at least not on purpose!)
45
gto
2.5
-3.0
kgaf
ter
42
to4
5d
ays
-Th
eyar
esl
augh
tere
d(A
pp
leb
y,1
99
2).
![Page 4: VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS - GreenCape · PDF file• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each ... Paper industry and ... Review](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030502/5aae78c57f8b9a59478c1e8c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
World poultry production
• Broiler chickens: 58 billion chickens
• 46.6 billion lbs chicken meat in USA
• 20 billion pounds feathers
North West
25%
Western Cape
22%Mpumalanga
18%
KwaZulu-
Natal
16%
Eastern Cape
7%
Gauteng
5%Free State
5%
Limpopo
1%
Northern Cape
1%
Distribution of slaughtering-SA
0
500
1000
1500
20052007200920112013
Bro
ilers
sla
ugh
tere
d
(Mill
ion
s)
Year
Broilers slaughtered in
SA
528 million pound chicken feathers/annum
275 broiler producers and 231contract growers, (SAPA, 2013).
![Page 5: VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS - GreenCape · PDF file• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each ... Paper industry and ... Review](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030502/5aae78c57f8b9a59478c1e8c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
UTILIZATION OF FEATHERS:- Present Scenario
• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each year?
Utilization and disposal
techniques/ present scenario
Burial and controlled land
filling
Incineration Medical
applicationsDecorative purpose
Shuttle cocks
![Page 6: VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS - GreenCape · PDF file• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each ... Paper industry and ... Review](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030502/5aae78c57f8b9a59478c1e8c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Current Research
Disinfection
Physical properties
Chemical properties
Valorisation routes
![Page 7: VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS - GreenCape · PDF file• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each ... Paper industry and ... Review](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030502/5aae78c57f8b9a59478c1e8c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
STRUCTURE OF FEATHERS
![Page 8: VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS - GreenCape · PDF file• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each ... Paper industry and ... Review](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030502/5aae78c57f8b9a59478c1e8c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Morphological structure
![Page 9: VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS - GreenCape · PDF file• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each ... Paper industry and ... Review](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030502/5aae78c57f8b9a59478c1e8c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
![Page 10: VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS - GreenCape · PDF file• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each ... Paper industry and ... Review](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030502/5aae78c57f8b9a59478c1e8c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Structure of Chicken feathers
• Low density - No natural or synthetic fibres can compete• Excellent compressibility, sound dampening, and warmth retention
Composition of chicken feathers:• 91% protein (keratin) 1% lipids, and 8% water.
• Disulphide bonds, hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, salt linkages and cross linkages (Schmidt,2001).
![Page 11: VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS - GreenCape · PDF file• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each ... Paper industry and ... Review](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030502/5aae78c57f8b9a59478c1e8c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Feather fibers, yarn and fabricsBlending with other fibers
Biodegradable plastics
UTILIZATION OF FEATHERS:- Future prospects
![Page 12: VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS - GreenCape · PDF file• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each ... Paper industry and ... Review](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030502/5aae78c57f8b9a59478c1e8c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
BiomedicalEngineering
Packing materialThe feathers used to producebioresin plastic
Water purification• Sponges
Fuel Storage
• strong, lightweight, hollow tubes.
• more porous after heating
• Increased surface area
Biofuels and biodiesel
![Page 13: VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS - GreenCape · PDF file• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each ... Paper industry and ... Review](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030502/5aae78c57f8b9a59478c1e8c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Paper industry and Filtration
Geotextiles • Stiff and rigid:• restricts soil erosion• Increases soil moisture content
Pharmaceuticals Fats: cholesterol source synthesis of vitamin D3Steroid pharmaceuticals
CosmeticsFor skin:- increases skin elasticityand hydration.For hair:- moisturising properties
Construction industry
![Page 14: VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS - GreenCape · PDF file• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each ... Paper industry and ... Review](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030502/5aae78c57f8b9a59478c1e8c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Conclusions
• Low cost, large availability and unique properties
• Increase national security by decreasing reliance on foreign oil resources.
• Minimize environmental pollution
• Enhance economic benefits for the poultry producers, processors, andstimulate development of feather product industries.