Values Education 2 // 1st Quarter SY 2011 - 2012

Man - Substantial Union of Body and Soulo Body - Material Component of Man

• Minerals - Physical- Biological- Chemical (appetite)

• Plants- Nutrition- Growth- Reproduction

• Animals- Sensation

a. Outer Senses1. Sight2. Hearing3. Touch4. Taste5. Smell

b. Inner Senses1. Common Sense - awareness of sensation; synthesis of external and

internal senses2. Imagination - ability to picture material things in their absence 3. Memory - power of recalling past experiences4. Recognition - ability to recognize5. Instinct -

- Locomotion - movement- Appetite - wants, desires, urges- Sensitivity - senses

o Soul - Spiritual Component of Man• Intellect - search for the truth - discern (deeper analysis and reflection) - task• Will - choose what is right

Vegetative Soul - gives life to a plantSensitive Soul - gives life to animalsHuman Soul - gives life to humans

Proofs: 1. Existence - being alive2. Spirituality - Intellect and Will3. Immortality - Does not Decay

Spiritual Faculties 1. Intellect - TRUTH*

- Apprehensions - understandings- Judgment - fairness- Reasoning - Drawing conclusions

2. Will - GOOD** Gain Ideas and Survive

Process of Understanding: 1. Simple Apprehension2. Judgment3. Reasoning

Intellect WillFunctions think do/actPurpose know love/chooseGoal truth goodnessHighest Attainment wisdom virtue

Integral Nature of Man

Nature of Man Knowing Faculties Appetitive Faculties

© PAT RIVERA

Values Education 2 // 1st Quarter SY 2011 - 2012

Material Internal & External Senses EmotionsSpiritual Intellect (conscience) Will (freedom)

Human Dignity - Respect- Rights- Unique

Soul - Intellect - Will

3 Phenomenal Aspects1. Self-determinations - charts his own destiny2. Freedom - freedom to choose3. Intimacy - personal, private life

- Secrets- Thoughts- Feelings/Emotions

* SHAME & MODESTY

Human Acts - Actions which man performs knowingly, freely and voluntarily- Result of conscious knowledge; Subject to control of the will

o “Man is blessed with the dignity of being man.”o “Man can think and decide what to do with his life.”

Essential Attribute of Human Acts Knowledge - must be performed by a conscious agent who knows what he is doing

and its consequences Free - performed by an agent who is acting under his own will Voluntary or willed - performed willfully

o “Man has to consent to the so that it cannot occur.”o “Man takes the necessary steps for the act to happen.”

Determinants of Human ActsMorality - conformity and non-conformity of the human act with norms that determine its ordination to the last end; quality of the behavior being good or bad

Object - what the action by its intends to; the end of the action Intention - the end intended by the agent of the act Circumstances - accidental moral conditions that contribute to increase or diminish

moral goodness/badness of an already existing action

Nature of Morality of Human Acts1. “A thing is good when it functions to its nature or purpose.”2. “A human act is good if it is ordained by the agent to his last end.”3. A human at is good if it is in conformity with the natural law (ultimate norm) and

conscience (proximate norm).

Acts of Man- Actions which man performs without his knowledge or consent- Dependent on man’s intellect and will

Kinds of Acts of Man Unconscious - like breathing and beating of the heart Involuntary - like sneezing Semi-deliberate - done in sleep or delirium Spontaneous - due to strong stimuli like noise

- Only become Human Acts when man employs his intellect and will in performing the act

- Only Human Acts are subject to morality- Man perfects himself through continual good acts

Virtue - good habitsVices - bad habits

Human DignityPhenomenological Aspects of a Person

© PAT RIVERA

Values Education 2 // 1st Quarter SY 2011 - 2012

A. Self Determination Man determines himself and not any other person. Man charts his own destiny. A person increases his individuality through self-determination. The choices man makes on his own mold him as an individual. Self-determination is only possible if man is not determined at the beginning. The greater the indetermination, the greater the capacity to determine oneself,

and the stronger will be the resulting individuality.B. Freedom Man is free because he is the master of his own actions. Self-determination is an immediate consequence of freedom. Man is the master of his inner life and manifestation. He is the master of his life and his destiny; he chooses both.C. Intimacy Intimacy is to have an interior world open to oneself and hidden from the other. It is to have something within that only one knows. It is “personal”. No one knows my thoughts unless I express them. What a person thinks and will is immanent to him. Intimacy is the greatest manifestation of immanence. There is a natural sentiment that protects it: shame or modesty. Shame or modesty gives rise to the concept of privacy, wherein others are not

welcome. The most important characteristic of intimacy: it is not static but something alive. Intimacy has a creative capacity. It is capable of growing. No interior world is the same with another. Each one is something unrepeatable, incommunicable. Nobody can be who I am. The person is an absolute in the sense that he is unique and cannot be reduced to

anything.

© PAT RIVERA